多路复用器底层原理

1. 多路复用是NIO的扩展
2. Java Selector 提供了统一的接口，但实现可以有poll/select 和epoll等
3. epoll不支持windows，kqueue是unix的多路复用技术，多路复用技术是一种同步IO模型

5. 示例代码

package com.wangxshen.io;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.nio.channels.*;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.Set;

public class SocketMultiplexingSingleThreadv1 {

    private ServerSocketChannel server = null;
    private Selector selector = null; //linux 多路复用器（select，poll，epoll）
    int port = 9090;

    public void initServer() {
        try {
            //fd4
            server = ServerSocketChannel.open();
            server.configureBlocking(false);
            server.bind(new InetSocketAddress(port));
            
            /*epoll:epoll_create，在内存开辟红黑树空间,epfd3
            *poll/select：在内存开辟一个数组空间*/
            selector = Selector.open();  //  select  poll  *epoll
            
            /*epoll:epoll_ctl(epfd3, ADD, fd4, EPOLLIN)  此时可能还没有触发此系统调用
            * select/poll:将fd4加入数组*/
            server.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_ACCEPT);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    public void start() {
        initServer();
        System.out.println("服务器启动了。。。。。");
        try {
            while (true) {
                Set<SelectionKey> keys = selector.keys();
                System.out.println(keys.size()+"   size");
                
                /*epoll:epoll_wait() 
                * 懒加载：此时调用selector.select()的时候触发了上面个说的epoll_ctl的调用
                * 这个不影响程序执行			        
                * select/poll:select(fd4) poll(fd4)*/
                while (selector.select(500) > 0) {
                
                    Set<SelectionKey> selectionKeys = selector.selectedKeys();
                    Iterator<SelectionKey> iter = selectionKeys.iterator();
                    while (iter.hasNext()) {
                        SelectionKey key = iter.next();
                        
                        //epoll：从链表中移除，避免重复调用
                        //select/poll：？
                        iter.remove();
                        if (key.isAcceptable()) {
                            acceptHandler(key);
                        } else if (key.isReadable()) {
                            readHandler(key);
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    public void acceptHandler(SelectionKey key) {
        try {
            ServerSocketChannel ssc = (ServerSocketChannel) key.channel();
            //fd6
            SocketChannel client = ssc.accept();
            client.configureBlocking(false);
            ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(8192);
            
            //epoll:epoll_ctl(fd3,ADD,fd6,POLLIN)
            client.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_READ, buffer);
            System.out.println("-------------------------------------------");
            System.out.println("新客户端：" + client.getRemoteAddress());
            System.out.println("-------------------------------------------");

        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    public void readHandler(SelectionKey key) {
        SocketChannel client = (SocketChannel) key.channel();
        ByteBuffer buffer = (ByteBuffer) key.attachment();
        buffer.clear();
        int read = 0;
        try {
            while (true) {
                read = client.read(buffer);
                if (read > 0) {
                    buffer.flip();
                    while (buffer.hasRemaining()) {
                        client.write(buffer);
                    }
                    buffer.clear();
                } else if (read == 0) {
                    break;
                } else {
                    client.close();
                    break;
                }
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SocketMultiplexingSingleThreadv1 service = new SocketMultiplexingSingleThreadv1();
        service.start();
    }
}