JUC各种同步锁及应用代码

基于AQS实现的锁(1~7)：

1. ReentrantLock(可重入锁)

• synchronized也是可重入的
• ReentrantLock与synchronized锁区别：

1. synchronized是自动解锁，ReentrantLock要通过lock.lock()和lock.unlock()上锁解锁
2. 可以使用tryLock()在一定时间内获取锁
3. 唤醒方式不同
4. synchronized只有非公平锁，ReentrantLock可以切换
5. 公平锁：ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock(true);如果有另一个线程持有锁或者有其他线程在等待队列中等待这个所，那么新发出的请求的线程将被放入到队列中。
6. 非公平锁：ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock(false);只有当锁被某个线程持有时，新发出请求的线程才会被放入队列中（此时和公平锁是一样的）。所以，非公平锁会有更多的机会去抢占锁。

• 底层是CAS

2. CountDownLatch

• CountDownLatch是一个同步工具类，它允许一个或多个线程一直等待，直到其他线程执行完后再执行。例如，应用程序的主线程希望在负责启动框架服务的线程已经启动所有框架服务之后执行。
• 详细

public class TestCountDownLatch {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        usingJoin();
        usingCountDownLatch();
    }

    private static void usingCountDownLatch() {
        Thread[] threads = new Thread[100];
        CountDownLatch latch = new CountDownLatch(threads.length);

        for(int i=0; i<threads.length; i++) {
            threads[i] = new Thread(()->{
                int result = 0;
                for(int j=0; j<10000; j++) result += j;
                latch.countDown();
            });
        }

        for (int i = 0; i < threads.length; i++) {
            threads[i].start();
        }

        try {
            latch.await();
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

        System.out.println("end latch");
    }

    private static void usingJoin() {
        Thread[] threads = new Thread[100];

        for(int i=0; i<threads.length; i++) {
            threads[i] = new Thread(()->{
                int result = 0;
                for(int j=0; j<10000; j++) result += j;
            });
        }

        for (int i = 0; i < threads.length; i++) {
            threads[i].start();
        }

        for (int i = 0; i < threads.length; i++) {
            try {
                threads[i].join();
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }

        System.out.println("end join");
    }
}

3. CyclicBarrier

• CyclicBarrier也叫同步屏障，在JDK1.5被引入，可以让一组线程达到一个屏障时被阻塞，直到最后一个线程达到屏障时，所以被阻塞的线程才能继续执行。
  CyclicBarrier好比一扇门，默认情况下关闭状态，堵住了线程执行的道路，直到所有线程都就位，门才打开，让所有线程一起通过。
• 详细

public class TestCyclicBarrier {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //CyclicBarrier barrier = new CyclicBarrier(20);
        
        CyclicBarrier barrier = new CyclicBarrier(20, () -> System.out.println("满人"));
        
        /*CyclicBarrier barrier = new CyclicBarrier(20, new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                System.out.println("满人，发车");
            }
        });*/

        for(int i=0; i<100; i++) {
                new Thread(()->{
                    try {
                        barrier.await();

                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    } catch (BrokenBarrierException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }).start();
           
        }
    }
}

4. Phaser

• Phaser是一个灵活的线程同步工具，包含了CyclicBarrier和CountDownLatch的相关功能

public class TestPhaser {
    static Random r = new Random();
    static MarriagePhaser phaser = new MarriagePhaser();

    static void milliSleep(int milli) {
        try {
            TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.sleep(milli);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        phaser.bulkRegister(7);
        for(int i=0; i<5; i++) {
            new Thread(new Person("p" + i)).start();
        }
        new Thread(new Person("新郎")).start();
        new Thread(new Person("新娘")).start();

    }

    static class MarriagePhaser extends Phaser {
        @Override
        protected boolean onAdvance(int phase, int registeredParties) {

            switch (phase) {
                case 0:
                    System.out.println("所有人到齐了！" + registeredParties);
                    System.out.println();
                    return false;
                case 1:
                    System.out.println("所有人吃完了！" + registeredParties);
                    System.out.println();
                    return false;
                case 2:
                    System.out.println("所有人离开了！" + registeredParties);
                    System.out.println();
                    return false;
                case 3:
                    System.out.println("婚礼结束！新郎新娘抱抱！" + registeredParties);
                    return true;
                default:
                    return true;
            }
        }
    }

    static class Person implements Runnable {
        String name;

        public Person(String name) {
            this.name = name;
        }

        public void arrive() {
            milliSleep(r.nextInt(1000));
            System.out.printf("%s 到达现场！\n", name);
            phaser.arriveAndAwaitAdvance();
        }

        public void eat() {
            milliSleep(r.nextInt(1000));
            System.out.printf("%s 吃完!\n", name);
            phaser.arriveAndAwaitAdvance();
        }

        public void leave() {
            milliSleep(r.nextInt(1000));
            System.out.printf("%s 离开！\n", name);
            phaser.arriveAndAwaitAdvance();
        }

        private void hug() {
            if(name.equals("新郎") || name.equals("新娘")) {
                milliSleep(r.nextInt(1000));
                System.out.printf("%s 洞房！\n", name);
                phaser.arriveAndAwaitAdvance();
            } else {
                phaser.arriveAndDeregister();
                //phaser.register()
            }
        }

        @Override
        public void run() {
            arrive();
            eat();
            leave();
            hug();
        }
    }
}

5. ReadWriteLock

• 共享锁(读锁)
• 排他锁(写锁)

public class TestReadWriteLock {
    static Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
    private static int value;

    static ReadWriteLock readWriteLock = new ReentrantReadWriteLock();
    static Lock readLock = readWriteLock.readLock();
    static Lock writeLock = readWriteLock.writeLock();

    public static void read(Lock lock) {
        try {
            lock.lock();
            Thread.sleep(1000);
            System.out.println("read over!");
            //模拟读取操作
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }

    public static void write(Lock lock, int v) {
        try {
            lock.lock();
            Thread.sleep(1000);
            value = v;
            System.out.println("write over!");
            //模拟写操作
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //Runnable readR = ()-> read(lock);
        Runnable readR = ()-> read(readLock);

        //Runnable writeR = ()->write(lock, new Random().nextInt());
        Runnable writeR = ()->write(writeLock, new Random().nextInt());

        for(int i=0; i<18; i++) new Thread(readR).start();
        for(int i=0; i<2; i++) new Thread(writeR).start();
       
    }
}

6. Semaphore

• Semaphore也叫信号量，在JDK1.5被引入，可以用来控制同时访问特定资源的线程数量，通过协调各个线程，以保证合理的使用资源，限流
• 详细

public class TestSemaphore {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //Semaphore s = new Semaphore(2);
        Semaphore s = new Semaphore(2, true);
        //允许一个线程同时执行
        //Semaphore s = new Semaphore(1);

        new Thread(()->{
            try {
                s.acquire();

                System.out.println("T1 running...");
                Thread.sleep(200);
                System.out.println("T1 running...");

            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            } finally {
                s.release();
            }
        }).start();

        new Thread(()->{
            try {
                s.acquire();

                System.out.println("T2 running...");
                Thread.sleep(200);
                System.out.println("T2 running...");

                s.release();
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }).start();
    }
}

7. Exchanger

• 两两交换
• 详细

public class TestExchanger {

    static Exchanger<String> exchanger = new Exchanger<>();

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Thread(()->{
            String s = "T1";
            try {
                s = exchanger.exchange(s);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " " + s);

        }, "t1").start();

        new Thread(()->{
            String s = "T2";
            try {
                s = exchanger.exchange(s);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " " + s);

        }, "t2").start();
    }
}

8. LockSupport

• LockSupport，构建同步组件的基础工具，帮AQS完成相应线程的阻塞或者唤醒的工作。
• 详细