This page describes the JRuby IRB-based HBase Shell. It replaces the SQL-like HQL, the Shell found in HBase versions 0.1.x and previous. Some discussion of new shell requirements can be found in the Shell Replacement document.
To run the shell, do
hadoop$redhat ${HBASE_HOME}/bin/hbase shell
You'll be presented with a prompt like the following:
HBase Shell; enter 'help<RETURN>' for list of supported commands. Version: 0.2.0-dev, r670701, Mon Jun 23 17:26:36 PDT 2008 hbase(main):001:0>
Type 'help' followed by a return to get a listing of commands
hbase(main):001:0> help HBASE SHELL COMMANDS: alter Alter column family schema; pass table name and a dictionary specifying new column family schema. Dictionaries are described below in the GENERAL NOTES section. Dictionary must include name of column family to alter. For example, To change or add the 'f1' column family in table 't1' from defaults to instead keep a maximum of 5 cell VERSIONS, do: hbase> alter 't1', {NAME => 'f1', VERSIONS => 5} To delete the 'f1' column family in table 't1', do: hbase> alter 't1', {NAME => 'f1', METHOD => 'delete'} You can also change table-scope attributes like MAX_FILESIZE MEMSTORE_FLUSHSIZE and READONLY. For example, to change the max size of a family to 128MB, do: hbase> alter 't1', {METHOD => 'table_att', MAX_FILESIZE => '134217728'} count Count the number of rows in a table. This operation may take a LONG time (Run '$HADOOP_HOME/bin/hadoop jar hbase.jar rowcount' to run a counting mapreduce job). Current count is shown every 1000 rows by default. Count interval may be optionally specified. Examples: hbase> count 't1' hbase> count 't1', 100000 create Create table; pass table name, a dictionary of specifications per column family, and optionally a dictionary of table configuration. Dictionaries are described below in the GENERAL NOTES section. Examples: hbase> create 't1', {NAME => 'f1', VERSIONS => 5} hbase> create 't1', {NAME => 'f1'}, {NAME => 'f2'}, {NAME => 'f3'} hbase> # The above in shorthand would be the following: hbase> create 't1', 'f1', 'f2', 'f3' hbase> create 't1', {NAME => 'f1', VERSIONS => 1, TTL => 2592000, \ BLOCKCACHE => true} describe Describe the named table: e.g. "hbase> describe 't1'" delete Put a delete cell value at specified table/row/column and optionally timestamp coordinates. Deletes must match the deleted cell's coordinates exactly. When scanning, a delete cell suppresses older versions. Takes arguments like the 'put' command described below deleteall Delete all cells in a given row; pass a table name, row, and optionally a column and timestamp disable Disable the named table: e.g. "hbase> disable 't1'" drop Drop the named table. Table must first be disabled. If table has more than one region, run a major compaction on .META.: hbase> major_compact ".META." enable Enable the named table exists Does the named table exist? e.g. "hbase> exists 't1'" exit Type "hbase> exit" to leave the HBase Shell get Get row or cell contents; pass table name, row, and optionally a dictionary of column(s), timestamp and versions. Examples: hbase> get 't1', 'r1' hbase> get 't1', 'r1', {COLUMN => 'c1'} hbase> get 't1', 'r1', {COLUMN => ['c1', 'c2', 'c3']} hbase> get 't1', 'r1', {COLUMN => 'c1', TIMESTAMP => ts1} hbase> get 't1', 'r1', {COLUMN => 'c1', TIMESTAMP => ts1, \ VERSIONS => 4} list List all tables in hbase put Put a cell 'value' at specified table/row/column and optionally timestamp coordinates. To put a cell value into table 't1' at row 'r1' under column 'c1' marked with the time 'ts1', do: hbase> put 't1', 'r1', 'c1', 'value', ts1 tools Listing of hbase surgery tools scan Scan a table; pass table name and optionally a dictionary of scanner specifications. Scanner specifications may include one or more of the following: LIMIT, STARTROW, STOPROW, TIMESTAMP, or COLUMNS. If no columns are specified, all columns will be scanned. To scan all members of a column family, leave the qualifier empty as in 'col_family:'. Examples: hbase> scan '.META.' hbase> scan '.META.', {COLUMNS => 'info:regioninfo'} hbase> scan 't1', {COLUMNS => ['c1', 'c2'], LIMIT => 10, \ STARTROW => 'xyz'} For experts, there is an additional option -- CACHE_BLOCKS -- which switches block caching for the scanner on (true) or off (false). By default it is enabled. Examples: hbase> scan 't1', {COLUMNS => ['c1', 'c2'], CACHE_BLOCKS => false} status Show cluster status. Can be 'summary', 'simple', or 'detailed'. The default is 'summary'. Examples: hbase> status hbase> status 'simple' hbase> status 'summary' hbase> status 'detailed' shutdown Shut down the cluster. truncate Disables, drops and recreates the specified table. version Output this HBase version GENERAL NOTES: Quote all names in the hbase shell such as table and column names. Don't forget commas delimit command parameters. Type <RETURN> after entering a command to run it. Dictionaries of configuration used in the creation and alteration of tables are ruby Hashes. They look like this: {'key1' => 'value1', 'key2' => 'value2', ...} They are opened and closed with curley-braces. Key/values are delimited by the '=>' character combination. Usually keys are predefined constants such as NAME, VERSIONS, COMPRESSION, etc. Constants do not need to be quoted. Type 'Object.constants' to see a (messy) list of all constants in the environment. In case you are using binary keys or values and need to enter them into the shell then use double-quotes to make use of hexadecimal or octal notations, for example: hbase> get 't1', "key\x03\x3f\xcd" hbase> get 't1', "key\003\023\011" hbase> put 't1', "test\xef\xff", 'f1:', "\x01\x33\x40" Using the double-quote notation you can directly use the values output by the shell for example during a "scan" call. This HBase shell is the JRuby IRB with the above HBase-specific commands added. For more on the HBase Shell, see http://wiki.apache.org/hadoop/Hbase/Shell
Example case:
1. 创建一张student表, ColumnFamily为name.
create 'student','name'
2. 描述student表.
hbase(main):004:0> describe 'student' DESCRIPTION ENABLED {NAME => 'student', FAMILIES => [{NAME => 'name', BLOOMFILTER => 'NONE', REPLICATION_SCOPE => '0', COMPRESSION => true 'NONE', VERSIONS => '3', TTL => '2147483647', BLOCKSIZE => '65536', IN_MEMORY => 'false', BLOCKCACHE => 'true'}] } 1 row(s) in 0.0710 seconds hbase(main):005:0>
3. 往表student插入数据
hbase(main):017:0> put 'student','111','name:firstname','kim' 0 row(s) in 0.0380 seconds
4. 查询student, 键为111的value
hbase(main):023:0> get 'student','111' COLUMN CELL name:firstname timestamp=1338877705167, value=kim 1 row(s) in 0.0190 seconds hbase(main):024:0>
5. 全部查询
hbase(main):010:0> scan 'student' ROW COLUMN+CELL 111 column=name:firstname, timestamp=1338877705167, value=kim 1 row(s) in 0.4250 seconds hbase(main):011:0>
6. 查询
hbase(main):019:0> get 'student','111',{COLUMN=>'name:firstname',VERSIONS=>10} COLUMN CELL name:firstname timestamp=1338877705167, value=kim 1 row(s) in 0.0250 seconds hbase(main):020:0>
7. 删除表
disable 'tablename' drop 'tablename'
同事博客整理较好:
http://www.cnblogs.com/raylzhang/archive/2012/06/28/2567240.html