DNS缓存详解(DNS Cache Detailed Explanation)

DNS缓存详解

清空DNS缓存可以让网页访问更快捷。本文将从什么是DNS缓存、为什么清空DNS缓存、如何清空DNS缓存、清空DNS缓存存在的问题四个方面详细阐述DNS缓存清空的相关知识。

一、什么是DNS缓存

1、DNS缓存的定义:

DNS缓存是域名系统服务在遇到DNS查询时自动保存的一个副本。通俗地讲,就是在使用计算机上网时,当你通过浏览器访问一个网站,你的计算机会向DNS服务器发出请求,获取该网站的IP地址。如果你经常访问某个网站,那么计算机就会自动地将该网站的IP地址缓存在本地,下次再访问该网站时,计算机就会先查看本地的缓存,以此达到更快的访问速度。

2、DNS缓存的作用和影响

  1. ‌提高访问速度‌:DNS缓存可以显著提高网页的访问速度,因为它避免了每次访问网站时都需要查询DNS服务器,直接从缓存中获取IP地址‌。
  2. ‌可能导致访问问题‌:如果DNS缓存中的数据过期或错误,可能会导致网页打不开或者显示错误的情况‌。
  3. ‌占用空间和资源‌:DNS缓存会占用电脑或浏览器的存储空间和资源,如果缓存数据过多或过久,可能会影响系统性能,导致运行缓慢或卡顿‌

### DNS Header Structure Detailed Explanation The Domain Name System (DNS) header contains crucial information about the query or response being transmitted. The header consists of several fields that define how queries are processed and responded to by DNS servers. #### 1. Transaction ID A 16-bit field used primarily as a unique identifier for each request made by a client. This helps match responses back to their corresponding requests[^1]. ```c uint16_t id; ``` #### 2. Flags Section This section includes various flags which provide metadata regarding the message type, opcode, status codes, recursion desired/available indicators among others: - **QR**: Query Response flag indicating whether this packet is a query (0) or response (1). - **Opcode**: Four bits specifying the operation code. - **AA**: Authoritative Answer bit set when responding server is authoritative for domain name. - **TC**: Truncation bit indicates if message was truncated due to length exceeding permitted size. - **RD**: Recursion Desired requested from recipient nameserver. - **RA**: Recursion Available supported by responder nameserver. - **Z**: Reserved zero bits reserved for future use. - **RCODE**: Return Code providing result status such as No Error, Format Error etc. ```c struct { uint16_t qr : 1; /* Query/response */ uint16_t opcode : 4; /* Opcode */ uint16_t aa : 1; /* Authoritative answer */ uint16_t tc : 1; /* Truncated */ uint16_t rd : 1; /* Recursion desired */ uint16_t ra : 1; /* Recursion available */ uint16_t z : 3; /* Zero */ uint16_t rcode : 4; /* Response code */ } __attribute__((packed)) flags; ``` #### 3. Question Count (QDCOUNT) Indicates number of entries present within question section following header part of datagram. ```c uint16_t qdcount; ``` #### 4. Answer Record Count (ANCOUNT) Represents count of resource records contained inside answer portion after questions have been listed out completely. ```c uint16_t ancount; ``` #### 5. Authority Record Count (NSCOUNT) Denotes quantity of authority-related RRs included towards end sections post answers segment has ended fully. ```c uint16_t nscount; ``` #### 6. Additional Record Count (ARCOUNT) Signifies amount of additional RR appended at very last position beyond all previous segments mentioned above like authorities ones too. ```c uint16_t arcount; ```
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