CentOS7下彻底删除MySQL和重新安装MySQL

CentOS7下彻底删除MySQL和重新安装MySQL

删除MySQL

1. 清空之前的数据库日志（可以直接rm /var/log/mysqld.log）

   [root@localhost ~]# rm /var/log/mysqld.log
   rm: remove regular file ‘/var/log/mysqld.log’? y
   

2. yum remove mysql mysql-server mysql-libs mysql-server;

   [root@localhost ~]# yum remove  mysql mysql-server mysql-libs mysql-server;
   Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
   Resolving Dependencies
   --> Running transaction check
   ---> Package mysql-community-client.x86_64 0:8.0.20-1.el7 will be erased
   ---> Package mysql-community-libs.x86_64 0:8.0.20-1.el7 will be erased
   ---> Package mysql-community-server.x86_64 0:8.0.20-1.el7 will be erased
   --> Finished Dependency Resolution
   
   Dependencies Resolved
   
   =====================================================================================================================================
    Package                                Arch                   Version                      Repository                          Size
   =====================================================================================================================================
   Removing:
    mysql-community-client                 x86_64                 8.0.20-1.el7                 @mysql80-community                 225 M
    mysql-community-libs                   x86_64                 8.0.20-1.el7                 @mysql80-community                  22 M
    mysql-community-server                 x86_64                 8.0.20-1.el7                 @mysql80-community                 2.2 G
   
   Transaction Summary
   =====================================================================================================================================
   Remove  3 Packages
   
   Installed size: 2.5 G
   Is this ok [y/N]: y
   Downloading packages:
   Running transaction check
   Running transaction test
   Transaction test succeeded
   Running transaction
     Erasing    : mysql-community-server-8.0.20-1.el7.x86_64                                                                        1/3 
     Erasing    : mysql-community-client-8.0.20-1.el7.x86_64                                                                        2/3 
     Erasing    : mysql-community-libs-8.0.20-1.el7.x86_64                                                                          3/3 
     Verifying  : mysql-community-client-8.0.20-1.el7.x86_64                                                                        1/3 
     Verifying  : mysql-community-libs-8.0.20-1.el7.x86_64                                                                          2/3 
     Verifying  : mysql-community-server-8.0.20-1.el7.x86_64                                                                        3/3 
   
   Removed:
     mysql-community-client.x86_64 0:8.0.20-1.el7                       mysql-community-libs.x86_64 0:8.0.20-1.el7                      
     mysql-community-server.x86_64 0:8.0.20-1.el7                      
   
   Complete!
   

3. find / -name mysql将找到的相关东西全部remove掉(如rm -rf /var/lib/mysql，有多少删多少就行)；

   [root@localhost ~]# find / -name mysql
   /var/lib/mysql
   /var/lib/mysql/mysql
   [root@localhost ~]# rm -rf /var/lib/mysql
   [root@localhost ~]# rm -rf /var/lib/mysql/mysql
   

4. 检查mysqlrpm -qa|grep mysql(查询出来的东西用yum remove掉)；

 [root@localhost ~]# rpm -qa|grep mysql
 mysql-community-common-8.0.20-1.el7.x86_64
mysql80-community-release-el7-3.noarch
[root@localhost ~]# yum remove mysql-community-common-8.0.20-1.el7.x86_64
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package mysql-community-common.x86_64 0:8.0.20-1.el7 will be erased
--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

=====================================================================================================================================
 Package                                Arch                   Version                      Repository                          Size
=====================================================================================================================================
Removing:
 mysql-community-common                 x86_64                 8.0.20-1.el7                 @mysql80-community                 8.6 M

Transaction Summary
=====================================================================================================================================
Remove  1 Package

Installed size: 8.6 M
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Downloading packages:
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
  Erasing    : mysql-community-common-8.0.20-1.el7.x86_64                                                                        1/1 
  Verifying  : mysql-community-common-8.0.20-1.el7.x86_64                                                                        1/1 

Removed:
  mysql-community-common.x86_64 0:8.0.20-1.el7                                                                                       

Complete!
[root@localhost ~]# yum remove mysql80-community-release-el7-3.noarch
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package mysql80-community-release.noarch 0:el7-3 will be erased
--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

=====================================================================================================================================
 Package                                      Arch                      Version                   Repository                    Size
=====================================================================================================================================
Removing:
 mysql80-community-release                    noarch                    el7-3                     installed                     31 k

Transaction Summary
=====================================================================================================================================
Remove  1 Package

Installed size: 31 k
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Downloading packages:
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
  Erasing    : mysql80-community-release-el7-3.noarch                                                                            1/1 
  Verifying  : mysql80-community-release-el7-3.noarch                                                                            1/1 

Removed:
  mysql80-community-release.noarch 0:el7-3                                                                                           

Complete!

5. 删除旧的配置文件rm /etc/my.cnf

[root@localhost ~]# rm /etc/my.cnf
rm: cannot remove ‘/etc/my.cnf’: No such file or directory

6. 查看是否还有mysql软件：rpm -qa|grep mysql，如果存在的话，继续删除即可。

7. 如果之前的MySQL是用rpm方式安装的

   a）查看系统中是否以rpm包安装的mysql：

   [root@localhost opt]# rpm -qa | grep -i mysql
   MySQL-server-5.6.17-1.el6.i686
   MySQL-client-5.6.17-1.el6.i686
   

   b)卸载mysql

   [root@localhost local]# rpm -e MySQL-server-5.6.17-1.el6.i686
   [root@localhost local]# rpm -e MySQL-client-5.6.17-1.el6.i686
   

   c)删除mysql服务

   [root@localhost local]# chkconfig --list | grep -i mysql
   [root@localhost local]# chkconfig --del mysql
   

   d)删除分散mysql文件夹

   [root@localhost local]# whereis mysql 或者 find / -name mysql
   
    
   
   mysql: /usr/lib/mysql /usr/share/mysql
   
   清空相关mysql的所有目录以及文件
   rm -rf /usr/lib/mysql
   rm -rf /usr/share/mysql
   
   rm -rf /usr/my.cnf
   

通过以上几步，mysql应该已经完全卸载干净了。

安装MySQL

在这里安装的是MySQL8.0版本，安装MySQL5.7版本的操作大致差不多。

1. 配置安装源

[linkai@localhost ~]# sudo rpm -Uvh https://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql80-community-release-el7-3.noarch.rpm
Retrieving https://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql80-community-release-el7-3.noarch.rpm
Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
	1:mysql80-community-release-el7-3  ################################# 	[100%]

5.7的话：

  [linkai@localhost ~]# sudo wget -i -c http://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm
  [linkai@localhost ~]# sudo yum -y install mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm

2. 安装

   [linkai@localhost ~]# sudo yum --enablerepo=mysql80-community install mysql-community-server
   Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
   Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
   Resolving Dependencies
   --> Running transaction check
   ---> Package mysql-community-server.x86_64 0:8.0.20-1.el7 will be installed
   --> Processing Dependency: mysql-community-common(x86-64) = 8.0.20-1.el7 for package: mysql-community-server-8.0.20-1.el7.x86_64
   --> Processing Dependency: mysql-community-client(x86-64) >= 8.0.11 for package: mysql-community-server-8.0.20-1.el7.x86_64
   --> Running transaction check
   ---> Package mysql-community-client.x86_64 0:8.0.20-1.el7 will be installed
   --> Processing Dependency: mysql-community-libs(x86-64) >= 8.0.11 for package: mysql-community-client-8.0.20-1.el7.x86_64
   ---> Package mysql-community-common.x86_64 0:8.0.20-1.el7 will be installed
   --> Running transaction check
   ---> Package mysql-community-libs.x86_64 0:8.0.20-1.el7 will be installed
   --> Finished Dependency Resolution
   
   Dependencies Resolved
   
   =====================================================================================================================================
    Package                                Arch                   Version                       Repository                         Size
   =====================================================================================================================================
   Installing:
    mysql-community-server                 x86_64                 8.0.20-1.el7                  mysql80-community                 488 M
   Installing for dependencies:
    mysql-community-client                 x86_64                 8.0.20-1.el7                  mysql80-community                  47 M
    mysql-community-common                 x86_64                 8.0.20-1.el7                  mysql80-community                 609 k
    mysql-community-libs                   x86_64                 8.0.20-1.el7                  mysql80-community                 4.5 M
   
   Transaction Summary
   =====================================================================================================================================
   Install  1 Package (+3 Dependent packages)
   
   Total download size: 540 M
   Installed size: 2.5 G
   Is this ok [y/d/N]: y
   Downloading packages:
   (1/4): mysql-community-common-8.0.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                         | 609 kB  00:00:01     
   (2/4): mysql-community-libs-8.0.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                           | 4.5 MB  00:00:01     
   (3/4): mysql-community-client-8.0.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                         |  47 MB  00:00:15     
   (4/4): mysql-community-server-8.0.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                         | 488 MB  00:02:32     
   -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Total                                                                                                3.5 MB/s | 540 MB  00:02:35     
   Running transaction check
   Running transaction test
   Transaction test succeeded
   Running transaction
   Warning: RPMDB altered outside of yum.
     Installing : mysql-community-common-8.0.20-1.el7.x86_64                                                                        1/4 
     Installing : mysql-community-libs-8.0.20-1.el7.x86_64                                                                          2/4 
     Installing : mysql-community-client-8.0.20-1.el7.x86_64                                                                        3/4 
     Installing : mysql-community-server-8.0.20-1.el7.x86_64                                                                        4/4 
     Verifying  : mysql-community-client-8.0.20-1.el7.x86_64                                                                        1/4 
     Verifying  : mysql-community-libs-8.0.20-1.el7.x86_64                                                                          2/4 
     Verifying  : mysql-community-common-8.0.20-1.el7.x86_64                                                                        3/4 
     Verifying  : mysql-community-server-8.0.20-1.el7.x86_64                                                                        4/4 
   
   Installed:
     mysql-community-server.x86_64 0:8.0.20-1.el7                                                                                       
   
   Dependency Installed:
     mysql-community-client.x86_64 0:8.0.20-1.el7                      mysql-community-common.x86_64 0:8.0.20-1.el7                     
     mysql-community-libs.x86_64 0:8.0.20-1.el7                       
   
   Complete!
   

   5.7的话：

   [linkai@localhost ~]# sudo yum -y install mysql-community-server
   

3. 启动mysql：systemctl start mysqld

4. 查看运行状态：systemctl status mysqld

   [linkai@localhost ~]# systemctl status mysqld
   ● mysqld.service - MySQL Server
      Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
      Active: active (running) since Thu 2020-06-11 00:00:27 CST; 3s ago
        Docs: man:mysqld(8)
              http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
     Process: 28633 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/mysqld_pre_systemd (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
    Main PID: 28713 (mysqld)
      Status: "Server is operational"
      CGroup: /system.slice/mysqld.service
              └─28713 /usr/sbin/mysqld
   
   Jun 11 00:00:18 iZ2zehlypfpbchjd5bsvxjZ systemd[1]: Starting MySQL Server...
   Jun 11 00:00:27 iZ2zehlypfpbchjd5bsvxjZ systemd[1]: Started MySQL Server.
   

   5. 停止：systemctl stop mysqld

   6. 重启：systemctl restart mysqld

查看并修改密码

1. mysql安装后会生成一个默认密码，此密码登录后要修改密码，不能用于其他操作，通过这个命令可以查看初始密码：grep "password" /var/log/mysqld.log，比方说结果是：2020-06-10T16:00:21.662964Z 6 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: dEDf./DgA6tE，初始密码就是最后的dEDf./DgA6tE。

2. 登录root账号修改初始密码，复制上面的密码登录

[linkai@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 1430
Server version: 8.0.20

Copyright (c) 2000, 2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statementmysql -u root -p

修改密码，注意密码要稍微复杂点(大小写+符号+数字)，不然会提示 Your password does not satisfy the current policy requirements

mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'Yz+Lk12.26';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

本人在8.0的时候无法修改密码复杂度，但是5.7可以修改：

mysql> set global validate_password_policy=0;
mysql> set global validate_password_length=0;

这样可以把密码设置最简单的模式。

新建MySQL账号并授权

1. 创建一个可以叫’app’@’%'的用户，然后授予可以增删改查以及创建数据库和删除数据库的功能

   mysql> create user 'app'@'%' identified by 'App@2020';
   Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
   mysql> grant select,insert,delete,update,drop,create on *.* to 'app'@'%';
   Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
   

2. 创建一个可以叫’linkai’@’%'的用户，然后授予管理者的功能（即除了创建MySQL账号并授权的权限外的所有权限）

   mysql> create user linkai@'%' identified by 'Linkai@2020';
   Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
   mysql> grant all on *.* to linkai@'%' with grant option;
   Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
   

3. 刷新权限

   mysql> flush privileges;
   Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
   

常见问题和处理

1. 如果客户端连接报错"Authentication plugin ‘caching_sha2_password’ cannot be loaded"，是以为mysql 8的加密方式改了。有两种选择：1、升级客户端 2、把加密方式改为传统的方式
   推荐用新的加密方式(一般升级客户端就可以了)，老项目代码的话可能有老的jar包等不支持新加密，下面是改为传统加密方式

mysql> alter user 'linkai'@'%' identified with mysql_native_password by 'Linkai@2020';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> alter user 'app'@'%' identified with mysql_native_password by 'App@2020';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

2. 查找mysql的安装路径

   [root@localhost ~]# whereis mysql
   mysql: /usr/bin/mysql /usr/lib64/mysql /usr/share/man/man1/mysql.1.gz
   

3. 创建数据库，字符集有两种

   方式	字符集	排序规则
   不支持emoji	utf8	utf8_general_ci
   支持emoji	utf8mb4	utf8mb4_general_ci

4. 查看mysql版本

   [root@localhost ~]# mysql -V
   mysql  Ver 8.0.20 for Linux on x86_64 (MySQL Community Server - GPL)
   

5. 因为安装了Yum Repository，以后每次yum操作都会自动更新，需要把它卸载掉

   [root@localhost ~]# yum -y remove mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch