xv6源码解读：从上电到shell

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前言

本章研究从输入make qemu命令开始直到启动Xv6的shell之间的事件。

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一. 内核入口_entry

从链接器脚本./kernel/kernel.ld中可以得知内核的入口是定义于./kernel/entry.S的_entry函数，那我们就从这里开始。

	# qemu -kernel loads the kernel at 0x80000000
        # and causes each CPU to jump there.
        # kernel.ld causes the following code to
        # be placed at 0x80000000.
.section .text
_entry:
	# set up a stack for C.
        # stack0 is declared in start.c,
        # with a 4096-byte stack per CPU.
        # sp = stack0 + (hartid * 4096)
        la sp, stack0
        li a0, 1024*4
	csrr a1, mhartid
        addi a1, a1, 1
        mul a0, a0, a1
        add sp, sp, a0
	# jump to start() in start.c
        call start
spin:
        j spin

_entry给当前的CPU核开一个栈，然后跳转到start函数：

// entry.S jumps here in machine mode on stack0.
void
start()
{
   
  // set M Previous Privilege mode to Supervisor, for mret.
  unsigned long x = r_mstatus();
  x &= ~MSTATUS_MPP_MASK;
  x |= MSTATUS_MPP_S;
  w_mstatus(x);

  // set M Exception Program Counter to main, for mret.
  // requires gcc -mcmodel=medany
  w_mepc((uint64)main);

  // disable paging for now.
  w_satp(0);

  // delegate all interrupts and exceptions to supervisor mode.
  w_medeleg(0xffff);
  w_mideleg(0xffff);
  w_sie(r_sie() | SIE_SEIE | SIE_STIE | SIE_SSIE);

  // ask for clock interrupts.
  timerinit();

  // keep each CPU's hartid in its tp register, for cpuid().
  int id = r_mhartid();
  w_tp(id);

  // switch to supervisor mode and jump to main().
  asm volatile("mret");
}

1. 将mepc设置为main函数的地址；
2. 最后执行mret指令，这条指令会让执行流程转向mepc内保存的地址，即，开始执行main函数。

二. main函数

执行mret指令后，流程来到了main函数：

// start() jumps here in supervisor mode on all CPUs.
void
main()
{
   
  if(cpuid() == 0){
   
    consoleinit();
    printfinit();
    printf("\n");
    printf("xv6 kernel is booting\n");
    printf("\n");
    kinit();         // physical page allocator
    kvminit();       // create kernel page table
    kvminithart();   // turn on paging
    procinit();      // process table
    trapinit();      // trap vectors
    trapinithart();  // install kernel trap vector
    plicinit();      // set up interrupt controller
    plicinithart();  // ask PLIC for device interrupts
    binit();         // buffer cache
    iinit();         // inode cache
    fileinit();      // file table
    virtio_disk_init(); // emulated hard disk
    userinit();      // first user process
    __sync_synchronize();
    started = 1;
  } else {
   
    while(started == 0)
      ;
    __sync_synchronize();
    printf("hart %d starting\n", cpuid());
    kvminithart();    // turn on paging
    trapinithart();   // install kernel trap v