Java 并发专题 : Timer的缺陷 用ScheduledExecutorService替代


转载::http://www.2cto.com/kf/201405/304479.html


继续并发,上篇博客对于ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor没有进行介绍,说过会和Timer一直单独写一篇Blog.

1、Timer管理延时任务的缺陷

a、以前在项目中也经常使用定时器,比如每隔一段时间清理项目中的一些垃圾文件,每个一段时间进行数据清洗;然而Timer是存在一些缺陷的,因为Timer在执行定时任务时只会创建一个线程,所以如果存在多个任务,且任务时间过长,超过了两个任务的间隔时间,会发生一些缺陷:下面看例子:

Timer的源码

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public class Timer {
     /**
      * The timer task queue.  This data structure is shared with the timer
      * thread.  The timer produces tasks, via its various schedule calls,
      * and the timer thread consumes, executing timer tasks as appropriate,
      * and removing them from the queue when they're obsolete.
      */
     private TaskQueue queue = new TaskQueue();
 
     /**
      * The timer thread.
      */
     private TimerThread thread = new TimerThread(queue);

TimerThread是Thread的子类,可以看出内部只有一个线程。下面看个例子:

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package com.zhy.concurrency.timer;
 
import java.util.Timer;
import java.util.TimerTask;
 
public class TimerTest
{
     private static long start;
 
     public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception
     {
 
         TimerTask task1 = new TimerTask()
         {
             @Override
             public void run()
             {
 
                 System.out.println( "task1 invoked ! "
                         + (System.currentTimeMillis() - start));
                 try
                 {
                     Thread.sleep( 3000 );
                 } catch (InterruptedException e)
                 {
                     e.printStackTrace();
                 }
 
             }
         };
         TimerTask task2 = new TimerTask()
         {
             @Override
             public void run()
             {
                 System.out.println( "task2 invoked ! "
                         + (System.currentTimeMillis() - start));
             }
         };
         Timer timer = new Timer();
         start = System.currentTimeMillis();
         timer.schedule(task1, 1000 );
         timer.schedule(task2, 3000 );
 
     }
}

定义了两个任务,预计是第一个任务1s后执行,第二个任务3s后执行,但是看运行结果:
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task1 invoked ! 1000
task2 invoked ! 4000
task2实际上是4后才执行,正因为Timer内部是一个线程,而任务1所需的时间超过了两个任务间的间隔导致。下面使用ScheduledThreadPool解决这个问题:

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package com.zhy.concurrency.timer;
 
import java.util.TimerTask;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
 
public class ScheduledThreadPoolExecutorTest
{
     private static long start;
 
     public static void main(String[] args)
     {
         /**
          * 使用工厂方法初始化一个ScheduledThreadPool
          */
         ScheduledExecutorService newScheduledThreadPool = Executors
                 .newScheduledThreadPool( 2 );
         
         TimerTask task1 = new TimerTask()
         {
             @Override
             public void run()
             {
                 try
                 {
 
                     System.out.println( "task1 invoked ! "
                             + (System.currentTimeMillis() - start));
                     Thread.sleep( 3000 );
                 } catch (Exception e)
                 {
                     e.printStackTrace();
                 }
 
             }
         };
 
         TimerTask task2 = new TimerTask()
         {
             @Override
             public void run()
             {
                 System.out.println( "task2 invoked ! "
                         + (System.currentTimeMillis() - start));
             }
         };
         start = System.currentTimeMillis();
         newScheduledThreadPool.schedule(task1, 1000 , TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
         newScheduledThreadPool.schedule(task2, 3000 , TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
     }
}

输出结果:

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task1 invoked ! 1001
task2 invoked ! 3001
符合我们的预期结果。因为ScheduledThreadPool内部是个线程池,所以可以支持多个任务并发执行。

2、Timer当任务抛出异常时的缺陷

如果TimerTask抛出RuntimeException,Timer会停止所有任务的运行:

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package com.zhy.concurrency.timer;
 
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.Timer;
import java.util.TimerTask;
 
 
public class ScheduledThreadPoolDemo01
{
 
 
     public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException
     {
 
         final TimerTask task1 = new TimerTask()
         {
 
             @Override
             public void run()
             {
                 throw new RuntimeException();
             }
         };
 
         final TimerTask task2 = new TimerTask()
         {
 
             @Override
             public void run()
             {
                 System.out.println( "task2 invoked!" );
             }
         };
         
         Timer timer = new Timer();
         timer.schedule(task1, 100 );
         timer.scheduleAtFixedRate(task2, new Date(), 1000 );
         
         
 
     }
}

上面有两个任务,任务1抛出一个运行时的异常,任务2周期性的执行某个操作,输出结果:

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task2 invoked!
Exception in thread "Timer-0" java.lang.RuntimeException
     at com.zhy.concurrency.timer.ScheduledThreadPoolDemo01$ 1 .run(ScheduledThreadPoolDemo01.java: 24 )
     at java.util.TimerThread.mainLoop(Timer.java: 512 )
     at java.util.TimerThread.run(Timer.java: 462 )

由于任务1的一次,任务2也停止运行了。。。下面使用ScheduledExecutorService解决这个问题:

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package com.zhy.concurrency.timer;
 
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.Timer;
import java.util.TimerTask;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
 
 
public class ScheduledThreadPoolDemo01
{
 
 
     public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException
     {
 
         final TimerTask task1 = new TimerTask()
         {
 
             @Override
             public void run()
             {
                 throw new RuntimeException();
             }
         };
 
         final TimerTask task2 = new TimerTask()
         {
 
             @Override
             public void run()
             {
                 System.out.println( "task2 invoked!" );
             }
         };
         
         
         
         ScheduledExecutorService pool = Executors.newScheduledThreadPool( 1 );
         pool.schedule(task1, 100 , TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
         pool.scheduleAtFixedRate(task2, 0 , 1000 , TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
 
     }
}

代码基本一致,但是ScheduledExecutorService可以保证,task1出现异常时,不影响task2的运行:

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task2 invoked!
task2 invoked!
task2 invoked!
task2 invoked!
task2 invoked!<span style= "font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;" >...</span>

3、Timer执行周期任务时依赖 系统 时间

Timer执行周期任务时依赖系统时间,如果当前系统时间发生变化会出现一些执行上的变化,ScheduledExecutorService基于时间的延迟,不会由于系统时间的改变发生执行变化。


上述,基本说明了在以后的开发中尽可能使用ScheduledExecutorService(JDK1.5以后)替代Timer。


好了,如果博客中存在错误,请留言指出~


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