1.响应response的原理
1.1 重定向(302)
重定向的特点:redirect
(1). 地址栏发生变化
(2). 重定向可以访问其他站点(服务器)的资源
(3). 重定向是两次请求。不能使用request对象来共享数据
2.转发的特点:forward
(1). 转发地址栏路径不变
(2). 转发只能访问当前服务器下的资源
(3). 转发是一次请求,可以使用request对象来共享数据
3.面试问 forward 和 redirect 区别
代码1:responseDemo1与responseDemo2重定向不能共享
//4.动态获取虚拟目录,当更改虚拟目录时,程序可以自动更改
String contextPath = request.getContextPath();
//简单重定向的写法
response.sendRedirect(contextPath+"/responseDemo2");
package com.Servlet;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
@WebServlet("/responseDemo1")
public class ResponseDemo1 extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
System.out.println("ResponseDemo1......");
//重定向:访问/responseDemo1,会自动跳转到/responseDemo2资源
/*//1.设置重定向状态码302
response.setStatus(302);
//2.设置响应头location response.setHeader("location","/Servlet_war_exploded/responseDemo2");//结果是访问ResponseDemo1的同时,也访问ResponseDemo2*/
//3.结果为null,故重定向不能共享数据
request.setAttribute("msg","response");
//4.动态获取虚拟目录,当更改虚拟目录时,程序可以自动更改
String contextPath = request.getContextPath();
//简单重定向的写法
response.sendRedirect(contextPath+"/responseDemo2");
//重定向可以访问其他站点(服务器)的资源
//response.sendRedirect("http://www.baidu.com");
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doPost(request,response);
}
}
package com.Servlet;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
@WebServlet("/responseDemo2")
public class ResponseDemo2 extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
System.out.println("ResponseDemo2开始...");
Object msg=request.getAttribute("msg");
System.out.println(msg);
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doPost(request,response);
}
}
2. response应用
代码2:responseDemo3转发到responseDemo2
package com.Servlet;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
/**
* 则:判断定义的路径是给谁用的?判断请求将来从哪儿发出
* 1. 给客户端浏览器使用:需要加虚拟目录(项目的访问路径)
* -- <a> , <form>表单,重定向...
* 2. 给服务器使用:不需要加虚拟目录
* -- 转发路径
* */
@WebServlet("/responseDemo3")
public class ResponseDemo3 extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
//转发,不更改地址栏地址
request.getRequestDispatcher("/responseDemo2").forward(request,response);
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doPost(request,response);
}
}
代码3:
解决响应中文乱码:response.setContentType(“text/html;charset=utf-8”);
获取字符流:PrintWriter pw = response.getWriter();
package com.Servlet;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
@WebServlet("/responseDemo4")
public class ResponseDemo4 extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
//解决中文乱码问题:获取流对象之前,设置流的默认编码:ISO-8859-1 设置为:GBK
//response.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
//告诉浏览器,服务器发送的消息体数据的编码,建议浏览器使用该编码解码
//response.setHeader("content-type","text/html;charset=utf-8");
//简单的形式:设置编码(以后不论英文输出,也写)
response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
//1.获取字符输出流
//响应会每次响应结束都自动刷新
PrintWriter pw=response.getWriter();
//2.输出数据
//print输出流本身刷新
//pw.println("hello,response!!!");
//write输出流本身不刷新,但是响应已经刷新,所以2者皆可
pw.write("<h1>hello,response</h1>");//标题<h1>
//中文输出
pw.write("我是安徽人,hello!");
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doPost(request,response);
}
}
代码4:获取字节输出流
ServletOutputStream outputStream=response.getOutputStream();
package com.Servlet;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletOutputStream;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
@WebServlet("/responseDemo5")
public class ResponseDemo5 extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
//避免中文乱码:先在获取流之前,告诉浏览器,服务器用的编码,即设置编码格式
response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
//1.获取字节输出流
ServletOutputStream outputStream = response.getOutputStream();
//2.输出数据,将字符串转换成字节数组存放,服务器以utf-8编码
outputStream.write("你好啊啊".getBytes("utf-8"));
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doPost(request,response);
}
}
代码5:状态码:500的检测
package com.Servlet;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
@WebServlet("/servletDemo1")
public class ServletDemo1 extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doGet(request,response);
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
//这是检验状态码 500 的错误
int i= 3/0;
}
}
代码6:字节输出流,用图片来验证
register.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>验证码图片与事件点击</title>
</head>
<script type="text/javascript">
/**
* 分析:
点击超链接或者图片,需要换一张
1.给超链接和图片绑定单击事件
2.重新设置图片的src属性值
* */
window.onload=function () {
//1.获取图片对象
var img=document.getElementById("checkCode");
//2.绑定单击事件
img.onclick=function () {
//加时间戳
var date=new Date().getTime();
img.src="/Servlet_war_exploded/checkCodeServlet?"+date;
}
document.getElementById("change").onclick=function () {
img.src="/Servlet_war_exploded/checkCodeServlet?"+date;
}
}
</script>
<body>
<img id="checkCode" src="/Servlet_war_exploded/checkCodeServlet" />
<a id="change" href="">看不清换一张?</a>
</body>
</html>
checkCodeServlet
package com.Servlet;
import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Random;
@WebServlet("/checkCodeServlet")
public class CheckCodeServlet extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
int width=100;
int height=50;
//1.创建一个对象,在内存中图片(验证码图片对象)
BufferedImage image=new BufferedImage(width,height,BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
//2.美化图片
//2.1填充背景色
Graphics g=image.getGraphics();//画笔对象
g.setColor(Color.yellow);//设置画笔颜色
g.fillRect(0,0,width,height);
//2.2画边框
g.setColor(Color.blue);
g.drawRect(0,0,width-1,height-1);
String str="ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789";
//生成随机角标
Random ran =new Random();
for (int i = 1; i <=4 ; i++) {
int index=ran.nextInt(str.length());
//获取字符
char ch=str.charAt(index);//随机字符
//2.3写验证码
g.drawString(ch+" ",width/5*i,height/2);
}
//2.4画干扰线
g.setColor(Color.GREEN);
//随机生成坐标点
for (int i = 0; i <6 ; i++) {
int x1=ran.nextInt(width);
int x2=ran.nextInt(width);
int y1=ran.nextInt(height);
int y2=ran.nextInt(height);
g.drawLine(x1,y1,x2,y2);
}
//3.将图片输出到页面展示
ImageIO.write(image,"jpg",response.getOutputStream());
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doPost(request,response);
}
}