1. 基本配置
1.1 web.xml配置
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
version="4.0">
<display-name>Archetype Created Web Application</display-name>
<!--配置前端控制器,SpringMVC的核心控制器-->
<servlet>
<servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<!-- 配置Servlet的初始化参数,读取springmvc的配置文件,创建spring容器 -->
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:springmvc.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<!-- 配置servlet启动时加载对象 -->
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern><!--任何资源都要经过拦截器-->
</servlet-mapping>
<!--配置解决中文乱码的过滤器-->
<filter>
<filter-name>characterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>encoding</param-name>
<param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
</init-param>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>characterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
</web-app>
1.2 springmvc.xml的配置
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
<!-- 开启注解扫描 -->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.jh"/>
<!-- 视图解析器对象 -->
<bean id="internalResourceViewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/pages/"/>
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
</bean>
<!--前端控制器,哪些静态资源不拦截-->
<mvc:resources location="/css/" mapping="/css/**"/><!--样式-->
<mvc:resources location="/images/" mapping="/images/**"/><!--图片-->
<mvc:resources location="/js/" mapping="/js/**"/><!--javascript-->
<!--配置文件解析器对象-->
<bean id="multipartResolver" class="org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver">
<!--配置上传文件的属性:大小:以字节为单位,下面配置10M-->
<property name="maxUploadSize" value="10485760"></property>
</bean>
<!-- 开启SpringMVC框架注解的支持 -->
<mvc:annotation-driven/>
</beans>
1.3 pom.xml的主要配置
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.jh</groupId>
<artifactId>SpringMVC黑马</artifactId>
<packaging>pom</packaging>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<modules>
<module>01springmvc</module>
<module>02springmvc_Response</module>
<module>03springmvc文件上传</module>
<module>文件上传Tomact</module>
<module>springmvc拦截器</module>
</modules>
<name>SpringMVC黑马 Maven Webapp</name>
<!-- FIXME change it to the project's website -->
<url>http://www.example.com</url>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<maven.compiler.source>12</maven.compiler.source>
<maven.compiler.target>12</maven.compiler.target>
<spring.version>5.0.2.RELEASE</spring.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.12</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>3.1.0</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
<artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
<version>2.0</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
<version>2.10.1</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-core</artifactId>
<version>2.10.1</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-annotations</artifactId>
<version>2.10.1</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<finalName>SpringMVC黑马</finalName>
<pluginManagement><!-- lock down plugins versions to avoid using Maven defaults (may be moved to parent pom) -->
</pluginManagement>
</build>
</project>
2. RequestMapping注解
1.RequestMapping注解可以作用在方法和类上
- 作用在类上:第一级的访问目录(可以不写),如果在类上写,需要加 /。如:/user/add,/user就是写在类上的。
- 作用在方法上:第二级的访问目录(/ 可以省略)
- 细节:路径可以不编写 / 表示应用的根目录开始
- 细节:${ pageContext.request.contextPath }也可以省略不写,但是路径上不能写 /
<!-- 第一种访问方式 -->
<a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/account/findAccount">
查询账户
</a>
<br/>
<!-- 第二种访问方式 -->
<a href="account/findAccount">查询账户</a>
</body>
</html>
注意:
当我们使用此种方式配置时,在 jsp 中第二种写法时,
不要在访问 URL 前面加/,否则无法找到资源。
2. RequestMapping的属性
- path 指定请求路径的url
- value value属性和path属性是一样的
- method 指定该方法的请求方式
- params 指定限制请求参数的条件,要求请求参数的 key 和 value 必须和配置的一模一样。如:
params = {“accountName”},表示请求参数必须有 accountName
params = {“moeny!100”},表示请求参数中 money 不能是 100 - headers 发送的请求中必须包含的请求头
RequestMapping的属性讲解
package com.jh.controller;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
@Controller
@RequestMapping(path="/user")//定义在目录中,如果此时加了user目录,则访问时需要加,如index.jsp中路径
public class HelloController {
/**
* 入门案例
* @return
*/
@RequestMapping(path = "/hello")
public String sayHello() {
System.out.println("Hello StringMVC");
return "success";
}
/**
* RequestMapping注解
* 属性:
* value:用于指定请求的URL。它和path属性的作用是一样的。
* method:用于指定请求的方式,本例以get方式请求,post会报405错。
* params:用于指定限制请求参数的条件。它支持简单的表达式。要求请求参数(index.jsp)的key和value
* 必须和配置的一模一样。如:
* params = {"accountName"},表示请求参数必须有 accountName
* params = {"moeny!100"},表示请求参数中 money 不能是 100。
* headers:用于指定限制请求消息头的条件(本例请求头中必须要有Accept请求头,一般都有Accept请求头)
*/
@RequestMapping(value = "/testRequestMapping",method = {RequestMethod.GET},
params = {"username"},headers = {"Accept"})
public String testRequestMapping(){
System.out.println("测试RequestMapping注解....");
return "success";
}
}
index.jsp
<%--
Date: 2020/2/25 0025,Time: 17:49
--%>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>$Title$</title>
</head>
<body>
<h3>入门程序</h3>
<%-- 相对路径./省略 <a href="hello">入门程序</a>--%>
<a href="user/testRequestMapping?username=hehe">RequestMapping注解</a>
</body>
</html>