Linux CentOS7文件系统（/dev/var）的容量扩充
原因是之前安装docker后，再想安装Nessus，系统说home、var文件系统的内存都不够
查看文件系统
发现var、home所剩内存太少了，准备扩充以下
[root@localhost Hoanna]# df
文件系统 1K-块 已用 可用 已用% 挂载点
devtmpfs 914488 0 914488 0% /dev
tmpfs 931512 0 931512 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 931512 10668 920844 2% /run
tmpfs 931512 0 931512 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/centos-root 10229760 6507020 3722740 64% /
/dev/mapper/centos-var 2033664 1786492 247172 88% /var
/dev/mapper/centos-home 3061760 2614920 446840 86% /home
/dev/sda1 508580 183208 325372 37% /boot
tmpfs 186304 4 186300 1% /run/user/42
tmpfs 186304 44 186260 1% /run/user/1000
tmpfs 186304 0 186304 0% /run/user/0
进入到分区操作的程序
[root@localhost Hoanna]# fdisk /dev/sda
欢迎使用 fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2)。
更改将停留在内存中，直到您决定将更改写入磁盘。
使用写入命令前请三思。
命令(输入 m 获取帮助)：
可以输入：m，列出各个参数的说明
命令(输入 m 获取帮助)：m
命令操作
a toggle a bootable flag
b edit bsd disklabel
c toggle the dos compatibility flag
d delete a partition
g create a new empty GPT partition table
G create an IRIX (SGI) partition table
l list known partition types
m print this menu
n add a new partition
o create a new empty DOS partition table
p print the partition table
q quit without saving changes
s create a new empty Sun disklabel
t change a partition's system id
u change display/entry units
v verify the partition table
w write table to disk and exit
x extra functionality (experts only)
标题 输入：n，追加一个分区
标题输入：p，选择主分区
输入：4，设定分区号为4
命令(输入 m 获取帮助)：n
Partition type:
p primary (2 primary, 0 extended, 2 free)
e extended
Select (default p): p
分区号 (3,4，默认 3)：4
下面的两个参数分别设定开始扇区号和终了扇区号，
在确认创建一个主分区后，系统要求用户先输入主分区的编号。主分区的编号范围是1～4，因此这里输入默认的1就可以了。接下来系统会提示定义起始的扇区位置，这不需要改动，敲击回车键保留默认设置即可，系统会自动计算出最靠前的空闲扇区的位置。最后，系统会要求定义分区的结束扇区位置，这其实就是要去定义整个分区的大小是多少。我们不用去计算扇区的个数，只需要输入+60G 即可创建出一个容量为60GB的硬盘分区。
起始 扇区 (35954688-167772159，默认为 35954688)：
将使用默认值 35954688
Last 扇区, +扇区 or +size{K,M,G} (35954688-167772159，默认为 167772159)：+20G
分区 4 已设置为 Linux 类型，大小设为 20 GiB
输入：w，保存本次操作并退出分区程序
命令(输入 m 获取帮助)：w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: 设备或资源忙.
The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at
the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8)
正在同步磁盘。
输入以下命令，确认分区。
[root@localhost Hoanna]# ll /dev/sd*
brw-rw----. 1 root disk 8, 0 5月 25 21:01 /dev/sda
brw-rw----. 1 root disk 8, 1 5月 25 21:01 /dev/sda1
brw-rw----. 1 root disk 8, 2 5月 25 21:01 /dev/sda2
brw-rw----. 1 root disk 8, 4 5月 25 21:01 /dev/sda4
在分区上创建物理卷
[root@localhost Hoanna]# pvcreate /dev/sda4
Physical volume "/dev/sda4" successfully created.
查看新添加的物理卷
[root@localhost Hoanna]# pvdisplay
--- Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sda2
VG Name centos
PV Size <16.66 GiB / not usable 3.00 MiB
Allocatable yes
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 4263
Free PE 2
Allocated PE 4261
PV UUID 09wVAS-Y8of-DVci-GS8N-VPAd-e41D-uUSaac
"/dev/sda4" is a new physical volume of "20.00 GiB"
--- NEW Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sda4
VG Name
PV Size 20.00 GiB
Allocatable NO
PE Size 0
Total PE 0
Free PE 0
Allocated PE 0
PV UUID fNIjuL-sEXI-bsxM-oZjo-LzFm-Jn7U-QYeWuF
对分区进行格式化
[root@localhost Hoanna]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda4
mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
文件系统标签=
OS type: Linux
块大小=4096 (log=2)
分块大小=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
1310720 inodes, 5242880 blocks
262144 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
第一个数据块=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=2153775104
160 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,
4096000
Allocating group tables: 完成
正在写入inode表: 完成
Creating journal (32768 blocks): 完成
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: 完成
先通过下面命令查看卷组信息
[root@localhost Hoanna]# vgdisplay
--- Volume group ---
VG Name centos
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 1
Metadata Sequence No 5
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 4
Open LV 4
Max PV 0
Cur PV 1
Act PV 1
VG Size 16.65 GiB
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 4263
Alloc PE / Size 4261 / 16.64 GiB
Free PE / Size 2 / 8.00 MiB
VG UUID PRgtSp-1KXE-7X8l-MK8H-kdXC-bITW-sHFsKr
可以看到卷组的名称为：【centos】
添加【/dev/sda4】到卷组【centos】
[root@localhost Hoanna]# vgextend centos /dev/sda4
WARNING: ext4 signature detected on /dev/sda4 at offset 1080. Wipe it? [y/n]: y
Wiping ext4 signature on /dev/sda4.
Physical volume "/dev/sda4" successfully created.
Volume group "centos" successfully extended
添加成功，通过下面命令确认sda4所属的卷组
[root@localhost Hoanna]# pvdisplay
--- Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sda2
VG Name centos
PV Size <16.66 GiB / not usable 3.00 MiB
Allocatable yes
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 4263
Free PE 2
Allocated PE 4261
PV UUID 09wVAS-Y8of-DVci-GS8N-VPAd-e41D-uUSaac
--- Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sda4
VG Name centos
PV Size 20.00 GiB / not usable 4.00 MiB
Allocatable yes
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 5119
Free PE 5119
Allocated PE 0
PV UUID IITDCV-Y6cH-cVJq-Ci24-7WHC-MPuU-EpKPfY
(*sda2为系统既有的物理卷，现在sda4和sda2在同一个卷组上。)
查看系统里有哪些逻辑卷
[root@localhost Hoanna]# lvdisplay
--- Logical volume ---
LV Path /dev/centos/root
LV Name root
VG Name centos
LV UUID GT5mqy-Xb2g-Ab4Y-Ym0O-eh3D-2ysd-AwbKXu
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host, time localhost, 2022-03-06 05:24:47 +0800
LV Status available
# open 1
LV Size <9.77 GiB
Current LE 2500
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 8192
Block device 253:0
--- Logical volume ---
LV Path /dev/centos/home
LV Name home
VG Name centos
LV UUID CpCRzR-T0qe-xBch-nUqv-usu0-sogM-iiycXH
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host, time localhost, 2022-03-06 05:24:48 +0800
LV Status available
# open 1
LV Size <2.93 GiB
Current LE 750
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 8192
Block device 253:2
--- Logical volume ---
LV Path /dev/centos/swap
LV Name swap
VG Name centos
LV UUID dHjl2m-pQil-oV3R-orux-KxdH-pmCm-2FY6RM
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host, time localhost, 2022-03-06 05:24:48 +0800
LV Status available
# open 2
LV Size 2.00 GiB
Current LE 512
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 8192
Block device 253:1
--- Logical volume ---
LV Path /dev/centos/var
LV Name var
VG Name centos
LV UUID Ff4e5l-2cPX-IL52-jOKo-OfYI-7hAP-eXeDfa
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host, time localhost, 2022-03-06 05:24:48 +0800
LV Status available
# open 1
LV Size <1.95 GiB
Current LE 499
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 8192
Block device 253:3
通过下面命令查看逻辑卷挂载的情况
逻辑卷【/dev/centos/var】挂在于根目录上，这个逻辑卷就是本次要扩充的对象。
(*可以看到逻辑卷【/dev/centos/var】和文件系统【/dev/mapper/centos-var】的路径有所不同，但他们都对应相同的设备。)
[root@localhost Hoanna]# df
文件系统 1K-块 已用 可用 已用% 挂载点
devtmpfs 914488 0 914488 0% /dev
tmpfs 931512 0 931512 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 931512 10668 920844 2% /run
tmpfs 931512 0 931512 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/centos-root 10229760 6507012 3722748 64% /
/dev/mapper/centos-var 2033664 1786476 247188 88% /var
/dev/mapper/centos-home 3061760 2614920 446840 86% /home
/dev/sda1 508580 183208 325372 37% /boot
tmpfs 186304 4 186300 1% /run/user/42
tmpfs 186304 44 186260 1% /run/user/1000
tmpfs 186304 0 186304 0% /run/user/0
通过下面的命令，扩充【/dev/cl/root】的容量
[root@localhost Hoanna]# lvextend -L +10G /dev/centos/home
Size of logical volume centos/home changed from <2.93 GiB (750 extents) to <12.93 GiB (3310 extents).
Logical volume centos/home successfully resized.
[root@localhost Hoanna]# lvextend -L +10G /dev/centos/var
Size of logical volume centos/var changed from <1.95 GiB (499 extents) to <11.95 GiB (3059 extents).
Logical volume centos/var successfully resized.
现在逻辑卷的容量扩充了，但是它对应的文件系统的容量还是原来的大小
扩充文件系统的大小
[root@localhost Hoanna]# xfs_growfs /dev/centos/var
meta-data=/dev/mapper/centos-var isize=512 agcount=4, agsize=127744 blks
= sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1
= crc=1 finobt=0 spinodes=0
data = bsize=4096 blocks=510976, imaxpct=25
= sunit=0 swidth=0 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log =internal bsize=4096 blocks=2560, version=2
= sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0
data blocks changed from 510976 to 3132416
[root@localhost Hoanna]# xfs_growfs /dev/centos/home
meta-data=/dev/mapper/centos-home isize=512 agcount=4, agsize=192000 blks
= sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1
= crc=1 finobt=0 spinodes=0
data = bsize=4096 blocks=768000, imaxpct=25
= sunit=0 swidth=0 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log =internal bsize=4096 blocks=2560, version=2
= sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0
data blocks changed from 768000 to 3389440
查看文件系统，显示的空间增大了
[root@localhost Hoanna]# df
文件系统 1K-块 已用 可用 已用% 挂载点
devtmpfs 914488 0 914488 0% /dev
tmpfs 931512 0 931512 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 931512 10668 920844 2% /run
tmpfs 931512 0 931512 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/centos-root 10229760 6507020 3722740 64% /
/dev/mapper/centos-var 12519424 1787000 10732424 15% /var
/dev/mapper/centos-home 13547520 2615592 10931928 20% /home
/dev/sda1 508580 183208 325372 37% /boot
tmpfs 186304 4 186300 1% /run/user/42
tmpfs 186304 44 186260 1% /run/user/1000
tmpfs 186304 0 186304 0% /run/user/0
遇见的问题
fdisk分区后找不到分区
fdisk 进行分区之后，找不到新分区文件
借鉴了一下大佬的文章：https://www.cnblogs.com/canfengfeixue/p/15215198.html
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