本文将演示如何通过 Spring 使用 Quartz Scheduler 进行任务调度。Spring 为简化 Quartz 的操作提供了相关支持类。
本文示例使用的相关工具如下:
Spring 4.2.2 (发布于 2015 年 10 月) Quartz Scheduler 2.2.2 (发布于 2015 年 10 月) Maven 3 JDK 1.7 Eclipse Luna Service Release 1 (4.4.1)
步骤 1:新建 Maven 项目
这一步如果不知道怎么做可以参考博客《
使用 Eclipse 的 Maven 2 插件开发一个 JEE 项目
》。
步骤 2:第三方依赖包的引入
Maven pom.xml 编辑如下:
< project xmlns = "http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation = "http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd" > < modelVersion > 4.0.0 </ modelVersion > < groupId > settle </ groupId > < artifactId > spring-quartz </ artifactId > < version > 1.0.0 </ version > < packaging > jar </ packaging > < name > spring-quartz </ name > < url > http://maven.apache.org </ url > < properties > < project.build.sourceEncoding > UTF-8 </ project.build.sourceEncoding > < springframework.version > 4.2.2.RELEASE </ springframework.version > < quartz.version > 2.2.2 </ quartz.version > </ properties > < dependencies > < dependency > < groupId > org.springframework </ groupId > < artifactId > spring-core </ artifactId > < version > ${springframework.version} </ version > </ dependency > < dependency > < groupId > org.springframework </ groupId > < artifactId > spring-context-support </ artifactId > < version > ${springframework.version} </ version > </ dependency > < dependency > < groupId > org.springframework </ groupId > < artifactId > spring-tx </ artifactId > < version > ${springframework.version} </ version > </ dependency > < dependency > < groupId > org.quartz-scheduler </ groupId > < artifactId > quartz </ artifactId > < version > ${quartz.version} </ version > </ dependency > </ dependencies > </ project >
步骤 3:Quartz Scheduler 配置作业
有两种方式在 Spring 中使用 Quartz 来配置一个作业。
A:使用 MethodInvokingJobDetailFactoryBean
这种方式在你想要调用特定 bean 的一个方法的时候很是方便,比另一种方法要简单的多。
< bean id = "simpleJobDetail" class = "org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.MethodInvokingJobDetailFactoryBean" > < property name = "targetObject" ref = "myBean" /> < property name = "targetMethod" value = "printMessage" /> </ bean >
以上作业配置简单调用了
myBean
的
printMessage
方法,
myBean
是一个简单的 POJO。
B:使用 JobDetailFactoryBean
如果你需要更高级的设置,需要给作业传递数据,想更加灵活的话就使用这种方式。
< bean name = "firstComplexJobDetail" class = "org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.JobDetailFactoryBean" > < property name = "jobClass" value = "com.defonds.scheduler.jobs.FirstScheduledJob" /> < property name = "jobDataMap" > < map > < entry key = "anotherBean" value-ref = "anotherBean" /> </ map > </ property > < property name = "durability" value = "true" /> </ bean >
jobClass
关联到一个继承自
QuartzJobBean
的类,它实现了 Quartz 作业接口。调用到这个作业的时候,它的
executeInternal
将被执行。
jobDataMap
允许我们给相关作业 bean 传递一些数据。在这个例子里,我们将 ScheduledJob 将要使用到的 'anotherBean' 传递给它。
以下是引用 jobclass(
FirstScheduledJob
)的具体实现。
com.defonds.scheduler.jobs.FirstScheduledJob
package com.defonds.scheduler.jobs; import org.quartz.JobExecutionContext; import org.quartz.JobExecutionException; import org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.QuartzJobBean; import com.defonds.scheduler.util.AnotherBean; public class FirstScheduledJob extends QuartzJobBean { private AnotherBean anotherBean; @Override protected void executeInternal(JobExecutionContext arg0) throws JobExecutionException { System.out.println("I am FirstScheduledJob" ); this .anotherBean.printAnotherMessage(); } public void setAnotherBean(AnotherBean anotherBean) { this .anotherBean = anotherBean; } }
步骤 4:配置 Quartz 调度时要使用到的触发器
触发器用来定义调度器何时将会执行你的调度任务的那个时间。有两种可能的触发器类型:
A:简单触发器,使用 SimpleTriggerFactoryBean
你可以定义作业的启动时间、触发器之间的延迟时间以及 repeatInterval(频率)。
< bean id = "simpleTrigger" class = "org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.SimpleTriggerFactoryBean" > < property name = "jobDetail" ref = "simpleJobDetail" /> < property name = "startDelay" value = "1000" /> < property name = "repeatInterval" value = "2000" /> </ bean >
B:计划触发器,使用 CronTriggerFactoryBean
这种类型更加灵活,允许你针对特定实例选择计划方案以及将来要执行的频率。
< bean id = "cronTrigger" class = "org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.CronTriggerFactoryBean" > < property name = "jobDetail" ref = "firstComplexJobDetail" /> < property name = "cronExpression" value = "0/5 * * ? * *" /> </ bean >
步骤 5:配置创建定配置 Quartz 调度器的 SchedulerFactoryBean
SchedulerFactoryBean
将
jobDetails
和
triggers
整合在一起以配置
Quartz 调度器
。
< bean class = "org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.SchedulerFactoryBean" > < property name = "jobDetails" > < list > < ref bean = "simpleJobDetail" /> < ref bean = "firstComplexJobDetail" /> < ref bean = "secondComplexJobDetail" /> </ list > </ property > < property name = "triggers" > < list > < ref bean = "simpleTrigger" /> < ref bean = "cronTrigger" /> < ref bean = "secondCronTrigger" /> </ list > </ property > </ bean >
下面贴出我们示例的完整的上下文文件。
src/main/resources/quartz-context.xml
<? xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8" ?> < beans xmlns = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xsi:schemaLocation ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd"> < context:component-scan base-package = "com.defonds.scheduler" /> < bean id = "simpleJobDetail" class = "org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.MethodInvokingJobDetailFactoryBean" > < property name = "targetObject" ref = "myBean" /> < property name = "targetMethod" value = "printMessage" /> </ bean > < bean name = "firstComplexJobDetail" class = "org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.JobDetailFactoryBean" > < property name = "jobClass" value = "com.defonds.scheduler.jobs.FirstScheduledJob" /> < property name = "jobDataMap" > < map > < entry key = "anotherBean" value-ref = "anotherBean" /> </ map > </ property > < property name = "durability" value = "true" /> </ bean > < bean name = "secondComplexJobDetail" class = "org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.JobDetailFactoryBean" > < property name = "jobClass" value = "com.defonds.scheduler.jobs.SecondScheduledJob" /> < property name = "durability" value = "true" /> </ bean > < bean id = "simpleTrigger" class = "org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.SimpleTriggerFactoryBean" > < property name = "jobDetail" ref = "simpleJobDetail" /> < property name = "startDelay" value = "1000" /> < property name = "repeatInterval" value = "2000" /> </ bean > < bean id = "cronTrigger" class = "org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.CronTriggerFactoryBean" > < property name = "jobDetail" ref = "firstComplexJobDetail" /> < property name = "cronExpression" value = "0/5 * * ? * *" /> </ bean > < bean id = "secondCronTrigger" class = "org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.CronTriggerFactoryBean" > < property name = "jobDetail" ref = "secondComplexJobDetail" /> < property name = "cronExpression" value = "0 0 20 ? * *" /> </ bean > < bean class = "org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.SchedulerFactoryBean" > < property name = "jobDetails" > < list > < ref bean = "simpleJobDetail" /> < ref bean = "firstComplexJobDetail" /> < ref bean = "secondComplexJobDetail" /> </ list > </ property > < property name = "triggers" > < list > < ref bean = "simpleTrigger" /> < ref bean = "cronTrigger" /> < ref bean = "secondCronTrigger" /> </ list > </ property > </ bean > </ beans >
步骤 6:创建本文用到的几个简单 POJO 任务 Bean
com.defonds.scheduler.jobs.MyBean
package com.defonds.scheduler.jobs; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; @Component ( "myBean" ) public class MyBean { public void printMessage() { System.out.println("I am MyBean. I am called by MethodInvokingJobDetailFactoryBean using SimpleTriggerFactoryBean" ); } }
com.defonds.scheduler.util.AnotherBean
/** * File Name:AnotherBean.java * * Copyright Defonds Corporation 2015 * All Rights Reserved * */ package com.defonds.scheduler.util; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; /** * * Project Name:spring-quartz * Type Name:AnotherBean * Type Description: * Author:Defonds * Create Date:2015-10-29 * @version * */ @Component("anotherBean") public class AnotherBean { public void printAnotherMessage(){ System.out.println("I am AnotherBean. I am called by Quartz jobBean using CronTriggerFactoryBean"); } }
com.defonds.scheduler.jobs.SecondScheduledJob
package com.defonds.scheduler.jobs; import org.quartz.JobExecutionContext; import org.quartz.JobExecutionException; import org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.QuartzJobBean; public class SecondScheduledJob extends QuartzJobBean { @Override protected void executeInternal(JobExecutionContext arg0) throws JobExecutionException { System.out.println("I am SecondScheduledJob" ); } }
为了演示多个执行计划的一起调度,我们写了两个
JobDetailFactoryBean
,于是就有了
SecondScheduledJob
。
步骤 7:创建执行程序的 Main 类
package com.defonds.scheduler; import org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext; import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext; public class AppMain { public static void main(String args[]){ AbstractApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext( "quartz-context.xml" ); } }
这时整个项目目录结构如下图所示:
执行这个 Main 类,输出结果如下:
I am FirstScheduledJob I am AnotherBean. I am called by Quartz jobBean using CronTriggerFactoryBean I am MyBean. I am called by MethodInvokingJobDetailFactoryBean using SimpleTriggerFactoryBean I am MyBean. I am called by MethodInvokingJobDetailFactoryBean using SimpleTriggerFactoryBean I am FirstScheduledJob I am AnotherBean. I am called by Quartz jobBean using CronTriggerFactoryBean I am MyBean. I am called by MethodInvokingJobDetailFactoryBean using SimpleTriggerFactoryBean I am MyBean. I am called by MethodInvokingJobDetailFactoryBean using SimpleTriggerFactoryBean I am MyBean. I am called by MethodInvokingJobDetailFactoryBean using SimpleTriggerFactoryBean I am FirstScheduledJob I am AnotherBean. I am called by Quartz jobBean using CronTriggerFactoryBean I am MyBean. I am called by MethodInvokingJobDetailFactoryBean using SimpleTriggerFactoryBean I am MyBean. I am called by MethodInvokingJobDetailFactoryBean using SimpleTriggerFactoryBean I am FirstScheduledJob I am AnotherBean. I am called by Quartz jobBean using CronTriggerFactoryBean I am SecondScheduledJob I am MyBean. I am called by MethodInvokingJobDetailFactoryBean using SimpleTriggerFactoryBean I am MyBean. I am called by MethodInvokingJobDetailFactoryBean using SimpleTriggerFactoryBean I am MyBean. I am called by MethodInvokingJobDetailFactoryBean using SimpleTriggerFactoryBean I am FirstScheduledJob I am AnotherBean. I am called by Quartz jobBean using CronTriggerFactoryBean I am MyBean. I am called by MethodInvokingJobDetailFactoryBean using SimpleTriggerFactoryBean I am MyBean. I am called by MethodInvokingJobDetailFactoryBean using SimpleTriggerFactoryBean I am FirstScheduledJob I am AnotherBean. I am called by Quartz jobBean using CronTriggerFactoryBean I am MyBean. I am called by MethodInvokingJobDetailFactoryBean using SimpleTriggerFactoryBean I am MyBean. I am called by MethodInvokingJobDetailFactoryBean using SimpleTriggerFactoryBean I am MyBean. I am called by MethodInvokingJobDetailFactoryBean using SimpleTriggerFactoryBean
可以看到,简单触发器调用的作业每隔两秒执行一次,而计划触发器一的则是每隔五秒钟执行一次,计划触发器二则是固定只执行了一次(晚上八点整,红色字体部分)。
后记
大多数情况下都会使用 JobDetailFactoryBean 进行任务调度配置; 每个 JobDetailFactoryBean 都有一个触发器与之匹配。配置多个调度计划,需要配置多个这种匹配对; 由触发器指向 JobDetailFactoryBean;
本文完整 Eclipse 下的开发项目示例已上传 CSDN 资源,有兴趣的朋友可以去下载下来参考:
http://download.csdn.net/detail/defonds/9224893
。
参考资料
关于cron表达式(来自网络):
Cron 表达式包括以下 7 个字段:
特殊字符
Cron 触发器利用一系列特殊字符,如下所示:
反斜线(/)字符表示增量值。例如,在秒字段中“5/15”代表从第 5 秒开始,每 15 秒一次。 问号(?)字符和字母 L 字符只有在月内日期和周内日期字段中可用。问号表示这个字段不包含具体值。所以,如果指定月内日期,可以在周内日期字段中插入“?”,表示周内日期值无关紧要。字母 L 字符是 last 的缩写。放在月内日期字段中,表示安排在当月最后一天执行。在周内日期字段中,如果“L”单独存在,就等于“7”,否则代表当月内周内日期的最后一个实例。所以“0L”表示安排在当月的最后一个星期日执行。 在月内日期字段中的字母(W)字符把执行安排在最靠近指定值的工作日。把“1W”放在月内日期字段中,表示把执行安排在当月的第一个工作日内。 井号(#)字符为给定月份指定具体的工作日实例。把“MON#2”放在周内日期字段中,表示把任务安排在当月的第二个星期一。 星号(*)字符是通配字符,表示该字段可以接受任何可能的值。
字段 允许值 允许的特殊字符
秒 0-59 , - * /
分 0-59 , - * /
小时 0-23 , - * /
日期 1-31 , - * ? / L W C
月份 1-12 或者 JAN-DEC , - * /
星期 1-7 或者 SUN-SAT , - * ? / L C #
年(可选) 留空, 1970-2099 , - * /
表达式意义 "0 0 12 * * ?" 每天中午12点触发 "0 15 10 ? * *" 每天上午10:15触发 "0 15 10 * * ?" 每天上午10:15触发 "0 15 10 * * ? *" 每天上午10:15触发 "0 15 10 * * ? 2005" 2005年的每天上午10:15触发 "0 * 14 * * ?" 在每天下午2点到下午2:59期间的每1分钟触发 "0 0/5 14 * * ?" 在每天下午2点到下午2:55期间的每5分钟触发 "0 0/5 14,18 * * ?" 在每天下午2点到2:55期间和下午6点到6:55期间的每5分钟触发 "0 0-5 14 * * ?" 在每天下午2点到下午2:05期间的每1分钟触发 "0 10,44 14 ? 3 WED" 每年三月的星期三的下午2:10和2:44触发 "0 15 10 ? * MON-FRI" 周一至周五的上午10:15触发 "0 15 10 15 * ?" 每月15日上午10:15触发 "0 15 10 L * ?" 每月最后一日的上午10:15触发 "0 15 10 ? * 6L" 每月的最后一个星期五上午10:15触发 "0 15 10 ? * 6L 2002-2005" 2002年至2005年的每月的最后一个星期五上午10:15触发 "0 15 10 ? * 6#3" 每月的第三个星期五上午10:15触发 每天早上6点
0 6 * * *
每两个小时
0 */2 * * * 晚上11点到早上8点之间每两个小时,早上八点
0 23-7/2,8 * * *
每个月的4号和每个礼拜的礼拜一到礼拜三的早上11点
0 11 4 * 1-3 1月1日早上4点
0 4 1 1 *
http://blog.csdn.net/defonds/article/details/49496895
http://www.cnblogs.com/yuechaotian/archive/2013/02/02/2889824.html