title: 不要小瞧数组![数据结构与算法]
date: 2020-04-04 18:18:22
author: JF
blog:https://www.huqifa.com/
tags:
- 数据结构与算法
- Java
categories:
- 数据结构与算法
为什么要学习数据结构?
- 数据结构是所有计算机专业的同学必学的课程
- 数据结构研究的是数据如何在计算机中进行组织和存储,使得我们可以高效的获取数据或者修改数据
数据结构 + 算法 = 程序
面向面试
- 数组
- 栈
- 队列
- 链表
- 二分搜索树
- 堆
面向竞赛
- 线段树
- Trie
- 并查集
不要小瞧数组!
- 数组的基础就是把数据码成一排进行存放
package cn.shuzu;
/**
*
* @author HQF
*
*/
public class Array {
private int[] data;
private int size;
//构造函数,传入数组的容量capacity构造Array
public Array(int capacity) {
data = new int[capacity];
size = 0;
}
//无参的构造函数,默认数组的容量capacity = 10
public Array() {
this(10);
}
public int getsize() {
return size;
}
public int getCapacity() {
return data.length;
}
public boolean isEmpty() {
return size == 0;
}
}
1. 向数组中添加元素
package cn.shuzu;
/**
*
* @author HQF
*
*/
public class Array {
private int[] data;
private int size;
//构造函数,传入数组的容量capacity构造Array
public Array(int capacity) {
data = new int[capacity];
size = 0;
}
//无参的构造函数,默认数组的容量capacity = 10
public Array() {
this(10);
}
public int getsize() {
return size;
}
public int getCapacity() {
return data.length;
}
public boolean isEmpty() {
return size == 0;
}
//向所有元素后添加一个新元素
public void addLast(int e) {
add(size, e);
}
//向任意位置添加元素
public void add(int index,int e) {
if (size == data.length)
throw new IllegalArgumentException("AddLast failed. Array is full.");
if (index<0 || index>size)
throw new IllegalArgumentException("AddLast failed. Array is full.");
for (int i = size-1; i >= index; i --)
data[i+1] = data[i];
data[index] = e;
size++;
}
//向数组开头加添元素
public void addFirst(int e) {
add(0, e);
}
}
package cn.shuzu;
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Array arr = new Array(20);
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
arr.addLast(i);
}
System.out.println(arr);
arr.add(1, 100);
System.out.println(arr);
arr.addFirst(-1);
System.out.println(arr);
}
}
2. 在数组中查询元素和修改元素
package cn.shuzu;
import java.awt.Container;
/**
*
* @author HQF
*
*/
public class Array {
private int[] data;
private int size;
//构造函数,传入数组的容量capacity构造Array
public Array(int capacity) {
data = new int[capacity];
size = 0;
}
//无参的构造函数,默认数组的容量capacity = 10
public Array() {
this(10);
}
public int getsize() {
return size;
}
public int getCapacity() {
return data.length;
}
public boolean isEmpty() {
return size == 0;
}
//向所有元素后添加一个新元素
public void addLast(int e) {
add(size, e);
}
//向任意位置添加元素
public void add(int index,int e) {
if (size == data.length)
throw new IllegalArgumentException("AddLast failed. Array is full.");
if (index<0 || index>size)
throw new IllegalArgumentException("AddLast failed. Array is full.");
for (int i = size-1; i >= index; i --)
data[i+1] = data[i];
data[index] = e;
size++;
}
//向数组开头加添元素
public void addFirst(int e) {
add(0, e);
}
//查找数组中是否有元素e
public boolean container(int e) {
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
if (data[i] == e) return true;
}
return false;
}
//查找数组中元素e所在的索引,如果不存在元素e,则返回-1
public int find(int e) {
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
if (data[i] == e) return i;
}
return -1;
}
//删除元素
public int remove(int index) {
if (index < 0 || index >= size)
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Index is illegal.");
int ret = data[index];
for (int i = index+1; i < size; i++) {
data[i-1] = data[i];
}
size--;
return ret;
}
//从数组中删除第一个元素,返回删除的元素
public int removeFirst() {
return remove(0);
}
//从数组中删除最后一个元素,返回数组的元素
public int removeLast() {
return remove(size-1);
}
//查找数组中是否有指定元素,如果有则删除
public void removeElement(int e)
{
int index = find(e);
if (index != -1) {
remove(index);
}
}
//输出
@Override
public String toString() {
StringBuilder res = new StringBuilder();
res.append(String.format("Array: size = %d,Capacity = %d\n", size,data.length));
res.append('[');
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
res.append(data[i]);
if (i != size -1) {
res.append(",");
}
}
res.append(']');
return res.toString();
}
//获取index索引位置的元素
int get(int index) {
if (index < 0 || index >= size) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Index is illegal.");
}
return data[index];
}
//对数组元素进行更新
void set(int index,int e) {
if (index < 0 || index >= size) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Index is illegal.");
}
data[index] = e;
}
}
package cn.shuzu;
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Array arr = new Array(20);
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
arr.addLast(i);
}
System.out.println(arr);
arr.add(1, 100);
System.out.println(arr);
arr.addFirst(-1);
System.out.println(arr);
arr.remove(2);
System.out.println(arr);
arr.removeElement(4);
System.out.println(arr);
arr.removeFirst();
System.out.println(arr);
}
}
Array: size = 10,Capacity = 20
[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]
Array: size = 11,Capacity = 20
[0,100,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]
Array: size = 12,Capacity = 20
[-1,0,100,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]
Array: size = 11,Capacity = 20
[-1,0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]
Array: size = 10,Capacity = 20
[-1,0,1,2,3,5,6,7,8,9]
Array: size = 9,Capacity = 20
[0,1,2,3,5,6,7,8,9]
使用泛型
- 让我们的数据机构可以放置“任何”数据类型
- 不可以是基本数据类型,只能是类对象。
(boolean, byte, char, short, int, long, float, double)
- 每个基本数据类型都有相应的包装类
(Boolean, Byte, Char, Short, Int, Long, Float, Double)
动态数组
在静态数组中如果数组满了就要进行动态扩容。
private void resize(int newCapacity) {
E[] newData = (E[])new Object[newCapacity];
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
newData[i] = data[i];
}
data = newData;
}
public void add(int index,E e) {
if (index<0 || index>size)
throw new IllegalArgumentException("AddLast failed. Array is full.");
if (size == data.length)
resize(2*data.length);
for (int i = size-1; i >= index; i --)
data[i+1] = data[i];
data[index] = e;
size++;
}
//在移除数组元素的过程中,如果数组长度小于容量的一半就进行缩容
public E remove(int index) {
if (index < 0 || index >= size)
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Index is illegal.");
E ret = data[index];
for (int i = index+1; i < size; i++) {
data[i-1] = data[i];
}
size--;
data[size] = null;//loitering objects != memory leak
if (size == data.length/2) {
resize(data.length/2);
}
return ret;
}