MySQL用户管理

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最新推荐文章于 2024-09-02 11:36:52 发布

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如果我们只能使用root用户，这样存在安全隐患。这时，就需要使用MySQL的用户管理。

在这里插入图片描述

登上mysql后show tables 可以看到mysql自带的数据库mysql，
同时直接show tables可以看到mysql自带的表。

1.用户信息

MySQL中的用户，都存储在系统数据库mysql的user表中

mysql> use mysql;
Database changed
mysql> select host,user,authentication_string from user;
+-----------+---------------+-------------------------------------------+
| host      | user          | authentication_string                     |
+-----------+---------------+-------------------------------------------+
| localhost | root          | *81F5E21E35407D884A6CD4A731AEBFB6AF209E1B |
| localhost | mysql.session | *THISISNOTAVALIDPASSWORDTHATCANBEUSEDHERE |
| localhost | mysql.sys     | *THISISNOTAVALIDPASSWORDTHATCANBEUSEDHERE |
+-----------+---------------+-------------------------------------------+

在这里插入图片描述

host：表示这个用户可以从哪个主机登陆，如果是localhost，表示只能从本机登陆
user：用户名
authentication_string：用户密码通过password函数加密后的
*_priv：用户拥有的权限

2.创建用户

语法：
create user '用户名'@'登陆主机/ip' identified by '密码';

案例：

mysql> create user 'whb'@'localhost' identified by '12345678';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.06 sec)
mysql> select user,host,authentication_string from user;
+---------------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+
| user          | host      | authentication_string 					|
+---------------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+
| root 			| %		    | *A2F7C9D334175DE9AF4DB4F5473E0BD0F5FA9E75 |
| mysql.session | localhost | *THISISNOTAVALIDPASSWORDTHATCANBEUSEDHERE |
| mysql.sys	    | localhost | *THISISNOTAVALIDPASSWORDTHATCANBEUSEDHERE |
| whb 			| localhost | *84AAC12F54AB666ECFC2A83C676908C8BBC381B1 | --新增用户
+---------------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

-- 此时便可以使用新账号新密码进行登陆啦

--备注：可能实际在设置密码的时候，因为mysql本身的认证等级比较高，一些简单的密码无法设置，
会爆出如下报错：
-- ERROR 1819 (HY000): Your password does not satisfy the current policy requirements
-- 解决方案：https://blog.csdn.net/zhanaolu4821/article/details/93622812
-- 查看密码设置相关要求：SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'validate_password%';
-- 这个大家下来自己玩玩

--关于新增用户这里，需要大家注意，不要轻易添加一个可以从任意地方登陆的user。

3.删除用户

语法：
drop user '用户名'@'主机名'

示例：

mysql> select user,host,authentication_string from user;
+---------------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+
| user 			| host	    | authentication_string   			   	    |
+---------------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+
| root 			| %		    | *A2F7C9D334175DE9AF4DB4F5473E0BD0F5FA9E75 |
| mysql.session | localhost | *THISISNOTAVALIDPASSWORDTHATCANBEUSEDHERE |
| mysql.sys	    | localhost | *THISISNOTAVALIDPASSWORDTHATCANBEUSEDHERE |
| whb   		| localhost | *84AAC12F54AB666ECFC2A83C676908C8BBC381B1 |
+---------------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> drop user whb; 		--尝试删除
ERROR 1396 (HY000): Operation DROP USER failed for 'whb'@'%' -- <= 直接给个用户名，不能删除，它默认是%，表示所有地方可以登陆的用户

mysql> drop user 'whb'@'localhost';   --删除用户
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> select user,host,authentication_string from user;
+---------------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+
| user 			| host 		| authentication_string					    |
+---------------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+
| root		    | %		    | *A2F7C9D334175DE9AF4DB4F5473E0BD0F5FA9E75 |
| mysql.session | localhost | *THISISNOTAVALIDPASSWORDTHATCANBEUSEDHERE |
| mysql.sys	    | localhost | *THISISNOTAVALIDPASSWORDTHATCANBEUSEDHERE |
+---------------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

4.修改用户密码

语法：

自己改自己密码
set password=password('新的密码');
root用户修改指定用户的密码
set password for '用户名'@'主机名'=password('新的密码')；

案例：

mysql> select host,user, authentication_string from user;
+-----------+---------------+-------------------------------------------+
| host | user | authentication_string |
+-----------+---------------+-------------------------------------------+
| % | root | *A2F7C9D334175DE9AF4DB4F5473E0BD0F5FA9E75 |
| localhost | mysql.session | *THISISNOTAVALIDPASSWORDTHATCANBEUSEDHERE |
| localhost | mysql.sys | *THISISNOTAVALIDPASSWORDTHATCANBEUSEDHERE |
| localhost | whb | *84AAC12F54AB666ECFC2A83C676908C8BBC381B1 |
+-----------+---------------+-------------------------------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> set password for 'whb'@'localhost'=password('87654321');
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
mysql> select host,user, authentication_string from user;
+-----------+---------------+-------------------------------------------+
| host | user | authentication_string |
+-----------+---------------+-------------------------------------------+
| % | root | *A2F7C9D334175DE9AF4DB4F5473E0BD0F5FA9E75 |
| localhost | mysql.session | *THISISNOTAVALIDPASSWORDTHATCANBEUSEDHERE |
| localhost | mysql.sys | *THISISNOTAVALIDPASSWORDTHATCANBEUSEDHERE |
| localhost | whb | *5D24C4D94238E65A6407DFAB95AA4EA97CA2B199 |
+-----------+---------------+-------------------------------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

5.MySQL数据库提供的权限列表：

在这里插入图片描述

6.给用户授权

语法：
grant 权限列表 on 库.对象名 to '用户名'@'登陆位置' [identified by '密码']

说明：

权限列表，多个权限用逗号分开

grant select on ...
grant select, delete, create on ....
grant all [privileges] on ... -- 表示赋予该用户在该对象上的所有权限

*.* : 代表本系统中的所有数据库的所有对象（表，视图，存储过程等）
库.* : 表示某个数据库中的所有数据对象(表，视图，存储过程等)
identified by可选。如果用户存在，赋予权限的同时修改密码,如果该用户不存在，就是创建用户

如果发现赋权限后，没有生效，执行如下指令刷新权限：
flush privileges;

--使用root账号
--【终端A】
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database			 |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| 57test			 |
| bit_index 		 |
| ccdata_pro	 	 |
| innodb_test		 |
| musicserver 		 |
| myisam_test 		 |
| mysql 			 |
| order_sys 		 |
| performance_schema |
| scott 			 |
| sys 				 |
| test 				 |
| vod_system 		 |
+--------------------+
14 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> use test;
Database changed
mysql> show tables;
+----------------+
| Tables_in_test |
+----------------+
| account		 |
| student		 |
| user 			 |
+----------------+
3 rows in set (0.01 sec)

--给用户whb赋予test数据库下所有文件的select权限
mysql> grant select on test.* to 'whb'@'localhost';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

--使用whb账号
--【终端B】
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
+--------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

--暂停等root用户给whb赋完权之后，在查看

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database 			 |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| test				 |	 --赋完权之后，就能看到新的表
+--------------------+
2 rows in set (0.01 sec)

mysql> use test;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A

Database changed
mysql> show tables;
+----------------+
| Tables_in_test |
+----------------+
| account		 |
| student		 |
| user			 |
+----------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from account;
+----+--------+---------+
| id | name | blance |
+----+--------+---------+
| 2 | 李四 | 321.00 |
| 3 | 王五 | 5432.00 |
| 4 | 赵六 | 543.90 |
| 5 | 赵六 | 543.90 |
+----+--------+---------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

--没有删除权限
mysql> delete from account;
ERROR 1142 (42000): DELETE command denied to user 'whb'@'localhost' for table
'account'


备注：特定用户现有查看权限
mysql> show grants for 'whb'@'%';
+-----------------------------------------------+
| Grants for whb@% 								|
+-----------------------------------------------+
| GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO 'whb'@'%' 				|
| GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON `test`.* TO 'whb'@'%' |
+-----------------------------------------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> show grants for 'root'@'%';
+-------------------------------------------------------------+
| Grants for root@% 										  |
+-------------------------------------------------------------+
| GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'%' WITH GRANT OPTION |
+-------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

7.回收权限

语法：
revoke 权限列表 on 库.对象名 from '用户名'@'登陆位置'；

示例：

-- 回收whb对test数据库的所有权限
-- root身份，【终端A】
mysql> revoke all on test.* from 'whb'@'localhost';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

-- whb身份，【终端B】
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database		 	 |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| test 				 |
+--------------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database 			 |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
+--------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)