SQL基础（4）——分组函数

分组函数

功能：用作统计使用，又称聚合函数或统计函数或组函数

分类：sum;avg;max;min;count

特点：

1.sum,min,count 可以处理任何类型；

2、分组函数都会忽略null值；

3、可以和distinct 搭配去实现去重的运算；

4、count函数的单独介绍;

5、和分组函数一同查询的字段要求是GROUP BY 后的字段

1.简单使用

SELECT SUM(salary) FROM employees;
SELECT AVG(salary) FROM employees;
SELECT MIN(salary) FROM employees;
SELECT MAX(salary) FROM employees;
SELECT count(salary) FROM employees;

SELECT SUM(salary) 和，AVG(salary) 平均，MAX(salary) 最高,MIN(salary) 最低,count(salary) 个数 FROM employees;

SELECT SUM(salary) 和，ROUND(AVG(salary),2) 平均，MAX(salary) 最高,MIN(salary) 最低,count(salary) 个数 FROM employees;

2.参数支持哪些类型

SELECT SUM(last_name), AVG(last_name) FROM employees;
#未报错，但不一定对
SELECT MAX(hiredate),MIN(hiredate) FROM employees;

3.是否忽略null

SELECT SUM(commission_pct),AVG(commission_pct),SUM(commission_pct)/35,SUM(commission_pct)/107 FROM employees;
SELECT MAX(commission_pct),MIN(commission_pct) FROM employees;
SELECT COUNT(commission_pct) FROM employees;
SELECT commission_pct FROM employees;

4.和distinct搭配

SELECT SUM(distinct salary),SUM(salary) FROM employees;
SELECT COUNT(distinct salary),COUNT(salary) FROM employees;

5.count函数的详细介绍

SELECT COUNT(salary) FROM employees;
SELECT COUNT(*) FROM employees;
SELECT COUNT(1) FROM employees;

效率：MYISAM 存储引擎下，COUNT()的效率最高
INNODB存储引擎下，COUNT() 和COUNT(1)的效率差不多，比COUNT(字段)要高一些
6.和分组函数一同查询的字段有限制

SELECT AVG(salary),employee_id FROM employees;

习题：查询员工表中的最大入职时间和最小入职时间的相差天数(DIFFERENCE)

#DATEDIFF 求日期的差值
SELECT DATEDIFF(MAX(hiredate),MIN(hiredate)) FROM employees;