SOCKET原理
一、套接字（socket）概念
套接字（socket）是通信的基石，是支持TCP/IP协议的网络通信的基本操作单元。它是网络通信过程中端点的抽象表示，包含进行网络通信必须的五种信息：连接使用的协议，本地主机的IP地址，本地进程的协议端口，远地主机的IP地址，远地进程的协议端口。
应用层通过传输层进行数据通信时，TCP会遇到同时为多个应用程序进程提供并发服务的问题。多个TCP连接或多个应用程序进程可能需要通过同一个 TCP协议端口传输数据。为了区别不同的应用程序进程和连接，许多计算机操作系统为应用程序与TCP／IP协议交互提供了套接字(Socket)接口。应 用层可以和传输层通过Socket接口，区分来自不同应用程序进程或网络连接的通信，实现数据传输的并发服务。
二、建立socket连接
建立Socket连接至少需要一对套接字，其中一个运行于客户端，称为ClientSocket ，另一个运行于服务器端，称为ServerSocket 。
套接字之间的连接过程分为三个步骤：服务器监听，客户端请求，连接确认。
- 服务器监听：服务器端套接字并不定位具体的客户端套接字，而是处于等待连接的状态，实时监控网络状态，等待客户端的连接请求
- 客户端请求：指客户端的套接字提出连接请求，要连接的目标是服务器端的套接字。为此，客户端的套接字必须首先描述它要连接的服务器的套接字，指出服务器端套接字的地址和端口号，然后就向服务器端套接字提出连接请求。
- 连接确认：当服务器端套接字监听到或者说接收到客户端套接字的连接请求时，就响应客户端套接字的请求，建立一个新的线程，把服务器端套接字的描述发给客户 端，一旦客户端确认了此描述，双方就正式建立连接。而服务器端套接字继续处于监听状态，继续接收其他客户端套接字的连接请求。
三、SOCKET连接与TCP连接
创建Socket连接时，可以指定使用的传输层协议，Socket可以支持不同的传输层协议（TCP或UDP），当使用TCP协议进行连接时，该Socket连接就是一个TCP连接。
四、Socket连接与HTTP连接
由于通常情况下Socket连接就是TCP连接，因此Socket连接一旦建立，通信双方即可开始相互发送数据内容，直到双方连接断开。但在实际网络应用 中，客户端到服务器之间的通信往往需要穿越多个中间节点，例如路由器、网关、防火墙等，大部分防火墙默认会关闭长时间处于非活跃状态的连接而导致 Socket 连接断连，因此需要通过轮询告诉网络，该连接处于活跃状态。
而HTTP连接使用的是“请求—响应”的方式，不仅在请求时需要先建立连接，而且需要客户端向服务器发出请求后，服务器端才能回复数据。
很多情况下，需要服务器端主动向客户端推送数据，保持客户端与服务器数据的实时与同步。此时若双方建立的是Socket连接，服务器就可以直接将数据传送 给客户端；若双方建立的是HTTP连接，则服务器需要等到客户端发送一次请求后才能将数据传回给客户端，因此，客户端定时向服务器端发送连接请求，不仅可 以保持在线，同时也是在“询问”服务器是否有新的数据，如果有就将数据传给客户端。
五、Socket服务端与客户端通信示意图
六、服务端与客户端代码
1、服务端
（1）服务端窗口设计
namespace SocketForm
{
partial class Form1
{
/// <summary>
/// 必需的设计器变量。
/// </summary>
private System.ComponentModel.IContainer components = null;
/// <summary>
/// 清理所有正在使用的资源。
/// </summary>
/// <param name="disposing">如果应释放托管资源，为 true；否则为 false。</param>
protected override void Dispose(bool disposing)
{
if (disposing && (components != null))
{
components.Dispose();
}
base.Dispose(disposing);
}
#region Windows 窗体设计器生成的代码
/// <summary>
/// 设计器支持所需的方法 - 不要
/// 使用代码编辑器修改此方法的内容。
/// </summary>
private void InitializeComponent()
{
this.panel1 = new System.Windows.Forms.Panel();
this.tb_ip = new System.Windows.Forms.TextBox();
this.lb_Ip = new System.Windows.Forms.Label();
this.lb_port = new System.Windows.Forms.Label();
this.tb_port = new System.Windows.Forms.TextBox();
this.bt_connnect = new System.Windows.Forms.Button();
this.listBox1 = new System.Windows.Forms.ListBox();
this.txt_msg = new System.Windows.Forms.TextBox();
this.bt_send = new System.Windows.Forms.Button();
this.panel1.SuspendLayout();
this.SuspendLayout();
//
// panel1
//
this.panel1.Controls.Add(this.bt_connnect);
this.panel1.Controls.Add(this.lb_port);
this.panel1.Controls.Add(this.tb_port);
this.panel1.Controls.Add(this.lb_Ip);
this.panel1.Controls.Add(this.tb_ip);
this.panel1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(21, 12);
this.panel1.Name = "panel1";
this.panel1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(580, 70);
this.panel1.TabIndex = 0;
//
// tb_ip
//
this.tb_ip.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(44, 18);
this.tb_ip.Name = "tb_ip";
this.tb_ip.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(100, 21);
this.tb_ip.TabIndex = 0;
this.tb_ip.Text = "127.0.0.1";
//
// lb_Ip
//
this.lb_Ip.AutoSize = true;
this.lb_Ip.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(15, 21);
this.lb_Ip.Name = "lb_Ip";
this.lb_Ip.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(23, 12);
this.lb_Ip.TabIndex = 1;
this.lb_Ip.Text = "IP:";
//
// lb_port
//
this.lb_port.AutoSize = true;
this.lb_port.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(158, 24);
this.lb_port.Name = "lb_port";
this.lb_port.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(35, 12);
this.lb_port.TabIndex = 3;
this.lb_port.Text = "Port:";
//
// tb_port
//
this.tb_port.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(199, 21);
this.tb_port.Name = "tb_port";
this.tb_port.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(100, 21);
this.tb_port.TabIndex = 2;
this.tb_port.Text = "80";
//
// bt_connnect
//
this.bt_connnect.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(316, 15);
this.bt_connnect.Name = "bt_connnect";
this.bt_connnect.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(132, 42);
this.bt_connnect.TabIndex = 4;
this.bt_connnect.Text = "开始监听";
this.bt_connnect.UseVisualStyleBackColor = true;
this.bt_connnect.Click += new System.EventHandler(this.bt_connnect_Click);
//
// listBox1
//
this.listBox1.FormattingEnabled = true;
this.listBox1.ItemHeight = 12;
this.listBox1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(21, 112);
this.listBox1.Name = "listBox1";
this.listBox1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(580, 124);
this.listBox1.TabIndex = 1;
//
// txt_msg
//
this.txt_msg.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(21, 255);
this.txt_msg.Multiline = true;
this.txt_msg.Name = "txt_msg";
this.txt_msg.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(424, 73);
this.txt_msg.TabIndex = 2;
//
// bt_send
//
this.bt_send.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(471, 266);
this.bt_send.Name = "bt_send";
this.bt_send.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(119, 52);
this.bt_send.TabIndex = 3;
this.bt_send.Text = "发送";
this.bt_send.UseVisualStyleBackColor = true;
this.bt_send.Click += new System.EventHandler(this.bt_send_Click);
//
// Form1
//
this.AutoScaleDimensions = new System.Drawing.SizeF(6F, 12F);
this.AutoScaleMode = System.Windows.Forms.AutoScaleMode.Font;
this.ClientSize = new System.Drawing.Size(695, 340);
this.Controls.Add(this.bt_send);
this.Controls.Add(this.txt_msg);
this.Controls.Add(this.listBox1);
this.Controls.Add(this.panel1);
this.Name = "Form1";
this.Text = "SocketForm";
this.Load += new System.EventHandler(this.Form1_Load);
this.panel1.ResumeLayout(false);
this.panel1.PerformLayout();
this.ResumeLayout(false);
this.PerformLayout();
}
#endregion
private System.Windows.Forms.Panel panel1;
private System.Windows.Forms.Button bt_connnect;
private System.Windows.Forms.Label lb_port;
private System.Windows.Forms.TextBox tb_port;
private System.Windows.Forms.Label lb_Ip;
private System.Windows.Forms.TextBox tb_ip;
private System.Windows.Forms.ListBox listBox1;
private System.Windows.Forms.TextBox txt_msg;
private System.Windows.Forms.Button bt_send;
}
}
（2）服务端逻辑设计
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Data;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Linq;
using System.Net;
using System.Net.Sockets;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading;
using System.Windows.Forms;
namespace SocketForm
{
public partial class Form1 : Form
{
public Form1()
{
InitializeComponent();
}
private void bt_connnect_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
try
{
//点击开始监听时 在服务端创建一个负责监听IP和端口号的Socket
Socket socketWatch = new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Stream, ProtocolType.Tcp);
IPAddress ip = IPAddress.Any;
//创建对象端口
IPEndPoint point = new IPEndPoint(ip, Convert.ToInt32(tb_port.Text));
socketWatch.Bind(point);//绑定端口号
ShowMsg("监听成功!");
socketWatch.Listen(10);//设置监听
//创建监听线程
Thread thread = new Thread(Listen);
thread.IsBackground = true;
thread.Start(socketWatch);
}
catch { }
}
/// <summary>
/// 等待客户端的连接 并且创建与之通信的Socket
/// </summary>
Socket socketSend;
void Listen(object o)
{
try
{
Socket socketWatch = o as Socket;
while (true)
{
socketSend = socketWatch.Accept();//等待接收客户端连接
ShowMsg(socketSend.RemoteEndPoint.ToString() + ":" + "连接成功!");
//开启一个新线程，执行接收消息方法
Thread r_thread = new Thread(Received);
r_thread.IsBackground = true;
r_thread.Start(socketSend);
}
}
catch { }
}
/// <summary>
/// 服务器端不停的接收客户端发来的消息
/// </summary>
/// <param name="o"></param>
void Received(object o)
{
try
{
Socket socketSend = o as Socket;
while (true)
{
//客户端连接服务器成功后，服务器接收客户端发送的消息
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024 * 1024 * 3];
//实际接收到的有效字节数
int len = socketSend.Receive(buffer);
if (len == 0)
{
break;
}
string str = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(buffer, 0, len);
ShowMsg(socketSend.RemoteEndPoint + ":" + str);
}
}
catch { }
}
/// <summary>
/// 服务器向客户端发送消息
/// </summary>
/// <param name="str"></param>
void Send(string str) {
byte[] buffer = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(str);
socketSend.Send(buffer);
}
void ShowMsg(string msg)
{
listBox1.Items.Add(msg + "\r\n");
}
private void Form1_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
Control.CheckForIllegalCrossThreadCalls = false;
}
private void bt_send_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
Send(txt_msg.Text.Trim());
}
}
}
2、客户端
（1）客户端窗口设计
namespace SocketClient
{
partial class Form1
{
/// <summary>
/// 必需的设计器变量。
/// </summary>
private System.ComponentModel.IContainer components = null;
/// <summary>
/// 清理所有正在使用的资源。
/// </summary>
/// <param name="disposing">如果应释放托管资源，为 true；否则为 false。</param>
protected override void Dispose(bool disposing)
{
if (disposing && (components != null))
{
components.Dispose();
}
base.Dispose(disposing);
}
#region Windows 窗体设计器生成的代码
/// <summary>
/// 设计器支持所需的方法 - 不要
/// 使用代码编辑器修改此方法的内容。
/// </summary>
private void InitializeComponent()
{
this.panel1 = new System.Windows.Forms.Panel();
this.lb_ip = new System.Windows.Forms.Label();
this.txt_ip = new System.Windows.Forms.TextBox();
this.txt_port = new System.Windows.Forms.TextBox();
this.lb_port = new System.Windows.Forms.Label();
this.bt_connect = new System.Windows.Forms.Button();
this.textBox1 = new System.Windows.Forms.TextBox();
this.txt_msg = new System.Windows.Forms.TextBox();
this.bt_send = new System.Windows.Forms.Button();
this.panel1.SuspendLayout();
this.SuspendLayout();
//
// panel1
//
this.panel1.Controls.Add(this.bt_connect);
this.panel1.Controls.Add(this.txt_port);
this.panel1.Controls.Add(this.lb_port);
this.panel1.Controls.Add(this.txt_ip);
this.panel1.Controls.Add(this.lb_ip);
this.panel1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(12, 12);
this.panel1.Name = "panel1";
this.panel1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(463, 75);
this.panel1.TabIndex = 0;
//
// lb_ip
//
this.lb_ip.AutoSize = true;
this.lb_ip.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(14, 23);
this.lb_ip.Name = "lb_ip";
this.lb_ip.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(23, 12);
this.lb_ip.TabIndex = 0;
this.lb_ip.Text = "IP:";
//
// txt_ip
//
this.txt_ip.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(43, 20);
this.txt_ip.Name = "txt_ip";
this.txt_ip.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(100, 21);
this.txt_ip.TabIndex = 1;
this.txt_ip.Text = "127.0.0.1";
//
// txt_port
//
this.txt_port.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(207, 23);
this.txt_port.Name = "txt_port";
this.txt_port.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(100, 21);
this.txt_port.TabIndex = 3;
this.txt_port.Text = "2001";
//
// lb_port
//
this.lb_port.AutoSize = true;
this.lb_port.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(166, 29);
this.lb_port.Name = "lb_port";
this.lb_port.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(35, 12);
this.lb_port.TabIndex = 2;
this.lb_port.Text = "port:";
//
// bt_connect
//
this.bt_connect.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(313, 9);
this.bt_connect.Name = "bt_connect";
this.bt_connect.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(113, 47);
this.bt_connect.TabIndex = 4;
this.bt_connect.Text = "连接";
this.bt_connect.UseVisualStyleBackColor = true;
this.bt_connect.Click += new System.EventHandler(this.bt_connect_Click);
//
// textBox1
//
this.textBox1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(12, 103);
this.textBox1.Multiline = true;
this.textBox1.Name = "textBox1";
this.textBox1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(463, 114);
this.textBox1.TabIndex = 1;
//
// txt_msg
//
this.txt_msg.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(12, 246);
this.txt_msg.Multiline = true;
this.txt_msg.Name = "txt_msg";
this.txt_msg.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(291, 54);
this.txt_msg.TabIndex = 2;
//
// bt_send
//
this.bt_send.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(325, 246);
this.bt_send.Name = "bt_send";
this.bt_send.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(113, 54);
this.bt_send.TabIndex = 3;
this.bt_send.Text = "发送";
this.bt_send.UseVisualStyleBackColor = true;
this.bt_send.Click += new System.EventHandler(this.bt_send_Click);
//
// Form1
//
this.AutoScaleDimensions = new System.Drawing.SizeF(6F, 12F);
this.AutoScaleMode = System.Windows.Forms.AutoScaleMode.Font;
this.ClientSize = new System.Drawing.Size(493, 323);
this.Controls.Add(this.bt_send);
this.Controls.Add(this.txt_msg);
this.Controls.Add(this.textBox1);
this.Controls.Add(this.panel1);
this.Name = "Form1";
this.Text = "Form1";
this.Load += new System.EventHandler(this.Form1_Load);
this.panel1.ResumeLayout(false);
this.panel1.PerformLayout();
this.ResumeLayout(false);
this.PerformLayout();
}
#endregion
private System.Windows.Forms.Panel panel1;
private System.Windows.Forms.Label lb_ip;
private System.Windows.Forms.Button bt_connect;
private System.Windows.Forms.TextBox txt_port;
private System.Windows.Forms.Label lb_port;
private System.Windows.Forms.TextBox txt_ip;
private System.Windows.Forms.TextBox textBox1;
private System.Windows.Forms.TextBox txt_msg;
private System.Windows.Forms.Button bt_send;
}
}
（2）客户端逻辑设计
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Data;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Linq;
using System.Net;
using System.Net.Sockets;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading;
using System.Windows.Forms;
namespace SocketClient
{
public partial class Form1 : Form
{
public Form1()
{
InitializeComponent();
}
Socket socketSend;
private void bt_connect_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
try
{
//创建客户端Socket，获得远程ip和端口号
socketSend = new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Stream, ProtocolType.Tcp);
IPAddress ip = IPAddress.Parse(txt_ip.Text);
IPEndPoint point = new IPEndPoint(ip, Convert.ToInt32(txt_port.Text));
socketSend.Connect(point);
ShowMsg("连接成功!");
//开启新的线程，不停的接收服务器发来的消息
Thread c_thread = new Thread(Received);
c_thread.IsBackground = true;
c_thread.Start();
}
catch (Exception){
ShowMsg("IP或者端口号错误...");
}
}
void ShowMsg(string str)
{
textBox1.AppendText(str + "\r\n");
}
/// <summary>
/// 接收服务端返回的消息
/// </summary>
void Received()
{
while (true)
{
try
{
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024 * 1024 * 3];
//实际接收到的有效字节数
int len = socketSend.Receive(buffer);
if (len == 0)
{
break;
}
string str = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(buffer, 0, len);
ShowMsg(socketSend.RemoteEndPoint + ":" + str);
}
catch { }
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 向服务器发送消息
/// </summary>
/// <param name="sender"></param>
/// <param name="e"></param>
private void bt_send_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
try
{
string msg = txt_msg.Text.Trim();
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024 * 1024 * 3];
buffer = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(msg);
socketSend.Send(buffer);
}
catch { }
}
private void Form1_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
Control.CheckForIllegalCrossThreadCalls = false;
}
}
}
七、运行效果
1、服务端
2、客户端
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