DataGrid的使用入门（添加、删除和修改操作）

最近在做一个管理系统，发现DATAGRID真的很好用，不过用起来有点麻烦，所以转一下相关文章，与大家分享。
　　见于好多人在CSDN上问如何在DataGrid中进行添加、删除和修改操作，我最近作了如下一个例子。

 

首先，例子所用的数据库是SQL Server2000，数据库表格如下：

字段名	类型	备注
EmployeeID	Int	自增字段
EmployeeName	Varchar(20)
Salary	Int
CellPhone	Varchar(20)
EmailAddress	Varchar(20)

 

程序的代码如下：

//------------------------Datagrid Demo------------------------------------
//-------------------------------------------------------------------------
//---File:frmDataGridDemo.cs
//---Description:The main form file to operate datagrid 
//---Author:Knight
//---Date:Mar.17, 2006
//-------------------------------------------------------------------------
//----------------------{ Datagrid Demo }----------------------------------
using System;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Collections;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Windows.Forms;
using System.Data;
using System.Data.SqlClient;
 
namespace CSDataGrid
{
    /**////<summary>
    /// Summary description for frmDataGridDemo.
    ///</summary>
    public class frmDataGridDemo : System.Windows.Forms.Form
    {
        private System.Windows.Forms.DataGrid dtgUserInfo;
        private System.Windows.Forms.Button btnUpdate;
        private System.Windows.Forms.Button btnExit;
 
        protected SqlConnection sqlConn = new SqlConnection();
        protected SqlDataAdapter sqlDAdapter = null;
        protected DataSet sqlRecordSet = null;
 
        /**////<summary>
        /// Required designer variable.
        ///</summary>
        private System.ComponentModel.Container components = null;
 
        public frmDataGridDemo()
        {
            //
            // Required for Windows Form Designer support
            //
            InitializeComponent();
 
            //
            // TODO: Add any constructor code after InitializeComponent call
            //
        }
 
        /**////<summary>
        /// Clean up any resources being used.
        ///</summary>
        protected override void Dispose( bool disposing )
        {
            if( disposing )
            {
                if (components != null) 
                {
                    components.Dispose();
                }
            }
            base.Dispose( disposing );
        }
 
        Windows Form Designer generated code#region Windows Form Designer generated code
        /**////<summary>
        /// Required method for Designer support - do not modify
        /// the contents of this method with the code editor.
        ///</summary>
        private void InitializeComponent()
        {
            this.dtgUserInfo = new System.Windows.Forms.DataGrid();
            this.btnUpdate = new System.Windows.Forms.Button();
            this.btnExit = new System.Windows.Forms.Button();
            ((System.ComponentModel.ISupportInitialize)(this.dtgUserInfo)).BeginInit();
            this.SuspendLayout();
            // 
            // dtgUserInfo
            // 
            this.dtgUserInfo.DataMember = "";
            this.dtgUserInfo.HeaderForeColor = System.Drawing.SystemColors.ControlText;
            this.dtgUserInfo.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(8, 16);
            this.dtgUserInfo.Name = "dtgUserInfo";
            this.dtgUserInfo.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(528, 480);
            this.dtgUserInfo.TabIndex = 0;
            // 
            // btnUpdate
            // 
            this.btnUpdate.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(544, 16);
            this.btnUpdate.Name = "btnUpdate";
            this.btnUpdate.TabIndex = 1;
            this.btnUpdate.Text = "&Update";
            this.btnUpdate.Click += new System.EventHandler(this.btnUpdate_Click);
            // 
            // btnExit
            // 
            this.btnExit.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(544, 472);
            this.btnExit.Name = "btnExit";
            this.btnExit.TabIndex = 2;
            this.btnExit.Text = "E&xit";
            // 
            // frmDataGridDemo
            // 
            this.AutoScaleBaseSize = new System.Drawing.Size(5, 13);
            this.ClientSize = new System.Drawing.Size(634, 511);
            this.Controls.Add(this.btnExit);
            this.Controls.Add(this.btnUpdate);
            this.Controls.Add(this.dtgUserInfo);
            this.FormBorderStyle = System.Windows.Forms.FormBorderStyle.FixedSingle;
            this.MaximizeBox = false;
            this.Name = "frmDataGridDemo";
            this.Text = "DataGrid Demo";
            this.Load += new System.EventHandler(this.frmDataGridDemo_Load);
            ((System.ComponentModel.ISupportInitialize)(this.dtgUserInfo)).EndInit();
            this.ResumeLayout(false);
 
        }
        #endregion
 
        /**////<summary>
        /// The main entry point for the application.
        ///</summary>
        [STAThread]
        static void Main() 
        {
            Application.Run(new frmDataGridDemo());
        }
 
        private void frmDataGridDemo_Load(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
        {
            //Set connection string 
            sqlConn.ConnectionString = yourDBConnectionString;
 
            //Connect to DB
            if( ConnectDB() )
            {
                //Bind data to datagrid
                BindData();
            }
        }
 
        private void AddDGStyle()
        {
            DataGridTableStyle ts1 = new DataGridTableStyle(); 
 
            //specify the table from dataset (required step) 
            ts1.MappingName = "EmployeeInfo"; 
            PropertyDescriptorCollection pdc = this.BindingContext
                [sqlRecordSet, "EmployeeInfo"].GetItemProperties();
 
            DataGridColumnStyle TextCol = new DataGridTextBoxColumn( pdc["EmployeeID"], "i" );
            TextCol.MappingName = "EmployeeID"; 
            TextCol.HeaderText = "EmployeeID"; 
            TextCol.Width = 0; 
            TextCol.ReadOnly = true;
            ts1.GridColumnStyles.Add(TextCol); 
 
            TextCol = new DataGridTextBoxColumn(); 
            TextCol.MappingName = "EmployeeName"; 
            TextCol.HeaderText = "Employee Name"; 
            TextCol.Width = 100; 
            ts1.GridColumnStyles.Add(TextCol); 
            
            TextCol = new DataGridTextBoxColumn( pdc["Salary"], "i" );
            TextCol.MappingName = "Salary"; 
            TextCol.HeaderText = "Salary"; 
            TextCol.Width = 80; 
            ts1.GridColumnStyles.Add(TextCol); 
            
            TextCol = new DataGridTextBoxColumn(); 
            TextCol.MappingName = "CellPhone"; 
            TextCol.HeaderText = "Cell Phone"; 
            TextCol.Width = 80; 
            ts1.GridColumnStyles.Add(TextCol); 
 
            TextCol = new DataGridTextBoxColumn(); 
            TextCol.MappingName = "EmailAddress"; 
            TextCol.HeaderText = "Email Address"; 
            TextCol.Width = 100; 
            ts1.GridColumnStyles.Add(TextCol); 
 
            dtgUserInfo.TableStyles.Add(ts1);
 
        }
 
        private void SetDAdapterCommands()
        {
            string strQuery = "";
            SqlParameter sqlParm = null;
            // Create data adapter with select command
            strQuery = "SELECT EmployeeID, EmployeeName, Salary, CellPhone, EmailAddress "
                + " FROM EmployeeInfo";
            sqlDAdapter = new SqlDataAdapter( strQuery, sqlConn );
            
            //Set update command
            strQuery = "Update EmployeeInfo SET "
                + " EmployeeName = @EmployeeName, "
                + " Salary = @Salary, "
                + " CellPhone = @CellPhone, "
                + " EmailAddress = @EmailAddress "
                + " WHERE EmployeeID = @EmployeeID ";
 
            sqlDAdapter.UpdateCommand = new SqlCommand( strQuery, sqlConn );
            sqlDAdapter.UpdateCommand.Parameters.Add( "@EmployeeName", SqlDbType.VarChar,
                20, "EmployeeName" );
            sqlParm = sqlDAdapter.UpdateCommand.Parameters.Add("@Salary", SqlDbType.Int);
            sqlParm.SourceColumn = "Salary";
            sqlParm.SourceVersion = DataRowVersion.Current;
            sqlDAdapter.UpdateCommand.Parameters.Add( "@CellPhone", SqlDbType.VarChar,
                20, "CellPhone" );
            sqlDAdapter.UpdateCommand.Parameters.Add( "@EmailAddress", SqlDbType.VarChar,
                20, "EmailAddress" );
            sqlParm = sqlDAdapter.UpdateCommand.Parameters.Add("@EmployeeID", SqlDbType.Int);
            sqlParm.SourceColumn = "EmployeeID";
            sqlParm.SourceVersion = DataRowVersion.Original;
 
            //Set insert command
            strQuery = "INSERT INTO EmployeeInfo ("
                + " EmployeeName, "
                + " Salary, "
                + " CellPhone, "
                + " EmailAddress) "
                + " VALUES ( "
                + " @EmployeeName, "
                + " @Salary, "
                + " @CellPhone, "
                + " @EmailAddress)";
            sqlDAdapter.InsertCommand = new SqlCommand( strQuery, sqlConn );
            sqlDAdapter.InsertCommand.Parameters.Add( "@EmployeeName", SqlDbType.VarChar,
                20, "EmployeeName" );
            sqlParm = sqlDAdapter.InsertCommand.Parameters.Add("@Salary", SqlDbType.Int);
            sqlParm.SourceColumn = "Salary";
            sqlParm.SourceVersion = DataRowVersion.Current;
            sqlDAdapter.InsertCommand.Parameters.Add( "@CellPhone", SqlDbType.VarChar,
                20, "CellPhone" );
            sqlDAdapter.InsertCommand.Parameters.Add( "@EmailAddress", SqlDbType.VarChar,
                20, "EmailAddress" );
 
            strQuery = "DELETE FROM EmployeeInfo "
                + " WHERE EmployeeID = @EmployeeID ";
            sqlDAdapter.DeleteCommand = new SqlCommand( strQuery, sqlConn );
            sqlParm = sqlDAdapter.DeleteCommand.Parameters.Add("@EmployeeID", SqlDbType.Int);
            sqlParm.SourceColumn = "EmployeeID";
            sqlParm.SourceVersion = DataRowVersion.Original;
        }
 
        private void BindData()
        {
            SetDAdapterCommands();
 
            //Fill dataset
            sqlRecordSet = new DataSet();
            sqlDAdapter.Fill( sqlRecordSet, "EmployeeInfo" );
 
            //Bind datagrid with dataset
            dtgUserInfo.SetDataBinding( sqlRecordSet, "EmployeeInfo");
 
            //Add datagrid style
            AddDGStyle();
        }
 
        /**////<summary>
        /// Connect to DB
        ///</summary>
        ///<returns>If connected, return True; else return False</returns>
        private bool ConnectDB()
        {
            //Check current connection's state
            try
            {
                if(     sqlConn.State == ConnectionState.Closed
                    || sqlConn.State == ConnectionState.Broken )
                {
                    //Connection is not available
                    sqlConn.Close();
                }
                else
                    //Connection is available
                    return true;
            }
            catch{};
 
            //Re-connect
            try 
            {
                sqlConn.Open();
            }
            catch(SqlException e) 
            {
                //Sql's exception
                MessageBox.Show( e.Message );
            }
            catch(Exception e)
            {
                //Other exception
                MessageBox.Show( e.Message );
            }
 
            if(     sqlConn.State == ConnectionState.Closed
                || sqlConn.State == ConnectionState.Broken )
                //Connection is not available
                return false;
            else
                //Connection is available
                return true;
        }
 
        private void btnUpdate_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
        {
            sqlDAdapter.Update( sqlRecordSet, "EmployeeInfo" );
            sqlRecordSet.Tables["EmployeeInfo"].Rows.Clear();
            sqlDAdapter.Fill( sqlRecordSet, "EmployeeInfo" );
        }
 
    }
}

       上面的代码有很多细节没有作处理，因此仅仅演示如何对DataGrid操作。