一、简介
ThreadLocal
类用来提供线程内部的局部变量,并且这些变量依靠线程独立存在。通常情况下,ThreadLocal
实例在类文件中被定义为private static
变量,具体使用可根据需求构造。在Android源码中典型应用就是被用来保存Looper对象,从而实现消息机制。
二、示例用法
ThreadLocal
对象提供了get
、set
、remove
三个方法用于获取、修改和删除变量,最常用的为get
、set
方法。
public class TestThreadLocal {
public static void main(String args[]){
// 声明 ThreadLocal对象
ThreadLocal<String> mThreadLocal = new ThreadLocal<String>();
ThreadLocal<String> mThreadLocal2 = new ThreadLocal<String>();
// 在主线程、子线程1、子线程2中去设置访问它的值
mThreadLocal.set("父");
mThreadLocal2.set("父2");
System.out.println("线程("+Thread.currentThread().getName()+") " + mThreadLocal.get());
System.out.println("线程("+Thread.currentThread().getName()+") " + mThreadLocal2.get());
new Thread("#1"){
@Override
public void run() {
mThreadLocal.set("1");
System.out.println("线程("+this.getName()+") " + mThreadLocal.get());
mThreadLocal.remove();
System.out.println("线程("+this.getName()+") " + mThreadLocal.get());
}
}.start();
new Thread("#2"){
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println("线程("+this.getName()+") " + mThreadLocal.get());
}
}.start();
}
}
打印结果
线程(main) 父
线程(main) 父2
线程(#1) 1
线程(#2) null
线程(#1) null
三、实现原理
先看一张别人的图
1.Thread
中用ThreadLocal.ThreadLocalMap
数据结构存储局部变量
//局部变量存储结构(对应于ThreadLocal)
ThreadLocal.ThreadLocalMap threadLocals = null;
//原理同threadLocals,线程创建时可继承所在线程数据(对应于InheritableThreadLocal)
ThreadLocal.ThreadLocalMap inheritableThreadLocals = null;
2.ThreadLocal.ThreadLocalMap
内部用Entry[] table
存储数据,并提供getEntry(ThreadLocal<?> key)
、set(ThreadLocal<?> key, Object value)
和remove(ThreadLocal<?> key)
方法获取、设置、删除数据。其中Entry[] table
的下标为key.threadLocalHashCode & (table.length - 1)
,在table
中元素到达其容量1/2时,会扩容至前容量的两倍。
private Entry getEntry(ThreadLocal<?> key) {
int i = key.threadLocalHashCode & (table.length - 1);
Entry e = table[i];
if (e != null && e.get() == key)
return e;
else
return getEntryAfterMiss(key, i, e);
}
//有该ThreadLocal的对应值就替换,没有就新建
private void set(ThreadLocal<?> key, Object value) {
// We don't use a fast path as with get() because it is at
// least as common to use set() to create new entries as
// it is to replace existing ones, in which case, a fast
// path would fail more often than not.
Entry[] tab = table;
int len = tab.length;
int i = key.threadLocalHashCode & (len-1);
for (Entry e = tab[i];
e != null;
e = tab[i = nextIndex(i, len)]) {
ThreadLocal<?> k = e.get();
if (k == key) {
e.value = value;
return;
}
if (k == null) {
replaceStaleEntry(key, value, i);
return;
}
}
tab[i] = new Entry(key, value);
int sz = ++size;
if (!cleanSomeSlots(i, sz) && sz >= threshold)
rehash();//扩容
}
/**
* Remove the entry for key.
*/
private void remove(ThreadLocal<?> key) {
Entry[] tab = table;
int len = tab.length;
int i = key.threadLocalHashCode & (len-1);
for (Entry e = tab[i];
e != null;
e = tab[i = nextIndex(i, len)]) {
if (e.get() == key) {
e.clear();
expungeStaleEntry(i);
return;
}
}
}
3.Entry
是数据的载体,以弱引用形式保存ThreadLocal
对象
static class Entry extends WeakReference<ThreadLocal<?>> {
/** The value associated with this ThreadLocal. */
Object value;//真正的值
Entry(ThreadLocal<?> k, Object v) {
super(k);
value = v;
}
}
4.ThreadLocal
的get
、set
、remove
方法中获取当前线程对象,并通过线程对象获取其ThreadLocalMap
,再通过ThreadLocalMap
的get
、set
、remove
方法完成实际逻辑。源码如下:
①getMap
方法是直接获取线程的threadLocals
中的局部变量(如步骤1中所示)
ThreadLocalMap getMap(Thread t) {
return t.threadLocals;
}
②ThreadLocal
的get
、set
、remove
其实都是通过getMap
获取当前线程的ThreadLocalMap
对象,并调用其对应的方法
public T get() {
Thread t = Thread.currentThread();
ThreadLocalMap map = getMap(t);
if (map != null) {
ThreadLocalMap.Entry e = map.getEntry(this);
if (e != null) {
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
T result = (T)e.value;
return result;
}
}
return setInitialValue();
}
public void set(T value) {
Thread t = Thread.currentThread();
ThreadLocalMap map = getMap(t);
if (map != null)
map.set(this, value);
else
createMap(t, value);
}
public void remove() {
ThreadLocalMap m = getMap(Thread.currentThread());
if (m != null)
m.remove(this);
}
四、InheritableThreadLocal
InheritableThreadLocal
是ThreadLocal的子类,关键的不同是getMap
的实现不同,他的getMap
获取的是线程中的inheritableThreadLocals
对象,而inheritableThreadLocals
在新线程被创建时会调用init2
方法,并将新线程被创建操作所在线程的inheritableThreadLocals
中的值复制给新线程,因此新线程会继承环境线程的数据。
private void init2(Thread parent) {
this.contextClassLoader = parent.getContextClassLoader();
this.inheritedAccessControlContext = AccessController.getContext();
if (parent.inheritableThreadLocals != null) {
this.inheritableThreadLocals = ThreadLocal.createInheritedMap(
parent.inheritableThreadLocals);
}
}
测试代码如下:
public class TestThreadLocal {
public static void main(String args[]){
final InheritableThreadLocal threadLocal = new InheritableThreadLocal();
final InheritableThreadLocal threadLocal2 = new InheritableThreadLocal();
System.out.println("线程("+Thread.currentThread().getName()+") 无设定过值 :"+threadLocal.get());
threadLocal2.set("value");
Thread myThread = new Thread("父"){
@Override
public void run() {
super.run();
System.out.println("线程("+this.getName()+") 无设定过值 :"+threadLocal.get());
threadLocal.set("2");
System.out.println("线程("+this.getName()+") [父]设值为2 :"+threadLocal.get());
System.out.println("线程("+this.getName()+") threadLocal2 :"+threadLocal2.get());
Thread t = new Thread("子") {
@Override
public void run() {
super.run();
System.out.println("线程("+this.getName()+") [父]中设值为2 :"+threadLocal.get());
threadLocal.set("3");
System.out.println("线程("+this.getName()+") [子]中设值为3 :"+threadLocal.get());
}
};
t.start();
}
};
myThread.start();
}
}
打印结果为:
线程(main) 无设定过值 :null
线程(父) 无设定过值 :null
线程(父) [父]设值为2 :2
线程(父) threadLocal2 :value
线程(子) [父]中设值为2 :2
线程(子) [子]中设值为3 :3
五、参考文献
1.JDK1.8源码
2.https://allenwu.itscoder.com/threadlocal-source