Android开发，《第一行代码（第三版）》调用摄像头崩溃解决方法

最近在学习安卓，到调用摄像头这里的时候写出来程序一直崩溃，人都给整崩溃了，通过查阅资料以及看前面的章节，这是因为没有动态申请权限的原因，改正如下：
首先AndroidManifest.xml里声明一下权限：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    package="com.example.cameraalbumtest">
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.CAMERA"/>
    <application
        android:allowBackup="true"
        android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher"
        android:label="@string/app_name"
        android:roundIcon="@mipmap/ic_launcher_round"
        android:supportsRtl="true"
        android:theme="@style/AppTheme">
        <activity android:name=".MainActivity">
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />

                <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
            </intent-filter>
        </activity>
        <provider
            android:name="androidx.core.content.FileProvider"
            android:authorities="com.example.cameraalbumtest.fileprovider"
            android:exported="false"
            android:grantUriPermissions="true">
            <meta-data
                android:name="android.support.FILE_PROVIDER_PATHS"
                android:resource="@xml/file_paths"/>
        </provider>
    </application>
</manifest>

然后MainActivity这样写：

package com.example.cameraalbumtest

import android.app.Activity
import android.content.Intent
import android.content.pm.PackageManager
import android.graphics.Bitmap
import android.graphics.BitmapFactory
import android.graphics.Matrix
import android.media.ExifInterface
import android.net.Uri
import android.os.Build
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity
import android.os.Bundle
import android.provider.MediaStore
import android.widget.Toast
import androidx.core.app.ActivityCompat
import androidx.core.content.ContextCompat
import androidx.core.content.FileProvider
import kotlinx.android.synthetic.main.activity_main.*
import java.io.File

class MainActivity : AppCompatActivity() {

    val takePhoto = 1
    lateinit var imageUri: Uri
    lateinit var outputImage: File

    override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main)
        takePhotoBtn.setOnClickListener{
            if(ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this,
                    android.Manifest.permission.CAMERA)!=PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED){
                ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this,
                    arrayOf(android.Manifest.permission.CAMERA),1)
            }else{
                camera()
            }
        }
    }

    override fun onRequestPermissionsResult(
        requestCode: Int,
        permissions: Array<out String>,
        grantResults: IntArray
    ) {
        when (requestCode){
            1 -> {
                if(grantResults.isNotEmpty() &&
                    grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED){
                    camera()
                }else{
                    Toast.makeText(this,"You denied the permission",
                        Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show()
                }
            }
        }
    }

    override fun onActivityResult(requestCode: Int, resultCode: Int, data: Intent?) {
        super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data)
        when (requestCode){
            takePhoto -> {
                if(resultCode == Activity.RESULT_OK){
                    val bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeStream(contentResolver.openInputStream(imageUri))
                    imageView.setImageBitmap(rotateIfRequired(bitmap))
                }
            }
        }
    }

    private fun camera(){
        try {
            outputImage = File(externalCacheDir, "output_image.jpg")
            if (outputImage.exists()){
                outputImage.delete()
            }
            outputImage.createNewFile()
            imageUri = if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.N){
                FileProvider.getUriForFile(this, "com.example.cameraalbumtest." +
                        "fileprovider",outputImage)
            }else{
                Uri.fromFile(outputImage)
            }

            val intent = Intent("android.media.action.IMAGE_CAPTURE")
            intent.putExtra(MediaStore.EXTRA_OUTPUT, imageUri)
            startActivityForResult(intent, takePhoto)
        }catch (e: SecurityException){
            e.printStackTrace()
        }
    }

    private fun rotateIfRequired(bitmap: Bitmap): Bitmap{
        val exif = ExifInterface(outputImage.path)
        val orientation = exif.getAttributeInt(ExifInterface.TAG_ORIENTATION,
            ExifInterface.ORIENTATION_NORMAL)
        return when(orientation){
            ExifInterface.ORIENTATION_ROTATE_90 -> rotateBitmap(bitmap, 90)
            ExifInterface.ORIENTATION_ROTATE_180 -> rotateBitmap(bitmap, 180)
            ExifInterface.ORIENTATION_ROTATE_270 -> rotateBitmap(bitmap, 270)
            else -> bitmap
        }
    }

    private fun rotateBitmap(bitmap: Bitmap, degree: Int): Bitmap {
        val matrix = Matrix()
        matrix.postRotate(degree.toFloat())
        val rotateBitmap = Bitmap.createBitmap(bitmap, 0, 0, bitmap.width, bitmap.height,
            matrix, true)
        bitmap.recycle()
        return  rotateBitmap
    }
}

终于能用了！！喝彩喝彩，以上我真机测试能用，我的手机是vivo iqoo，Android10