leetcode 629. K Inverse Pairs Array K个逆序对数量 + 动态规划DP + 肯定做不出来

Given two integers n and k, find how many different arrays consist of numbers from 1 to n such that there are exactly k inverse pairs.

We define an inverse pair as following: For ith and jth element in the array, if i < j and a[i] > a[j] then it’s an inverse pair; Otherwise, it’s not.

Since the answer may be very large, the answer should be modulo 109 + 7.

Example 1:
Input: n = 3, k = 0
Output: 1
Explanation:
Only the array [1,2,3] which consists of numbers from 1 to 3 has exactly 0 inverse pair.
Example 2:
Input: n = 3, k = 1
Output: 2
Explanation:
The array [1,3,2] and [2,1,3] have exactly 1 inverse pair.
Note:
The integer n is in the range [1, 1000] and k is in the range [0, 1000].

本题题意很简单，最直接的方法是就是使用DFS求全排列，然后作判断，但是想都不用想肯定会超时，所以肯定是使用DP来做的嘛，

参考链接：[LeetCode] K Inverse Pairs Array K个翻转对数组

代码如下：

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <map>
#include <set>
#include <queue>
#include <stack>
#include <string>
#include <climits>
#include <algorithm>
#include <sstream>
#include <functional>
#include <bitset>
#include <numeric>
#include <cmath>
#include <regex>

using namespace std;


class Solution 
{
public:
    int kInversePairs(int n, int k) 
    {   
        int M = 1000000007;
        vector<vector<int>> dp(n + 1, vector<int>(k + 1, 0));
        dp[0][0] = 1;
        for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++)
        {
            dp[i][0] = 1;
            for (int j = 1; j <= k; j++)
            {
                dp[i][j] = (dp[i - 1][j] + dp[i][j - 1]) % M;
                if (j >= i) //注意这里是j-i
                    dp[i][j] = (dp[i][j] - dp[i - 1][j - i] + M) % M;
            }
        }
        return dp[n][k];
    }
};