leetcode 717. 1-bit and 2-bit Characters 编码判断问题 + 贪心算法 + 遍历即可

We have two special characters. The first character can be represented by one bit 0. The second character can be represented by two bits (10 or 11).

Now given a string represented by several bits. Return whether the last character must be a one-bit character or not. The given string will always end with a zero.

Example 1:
Input:
bits = [1, 0, 0]
Output: True
Explanation:
The only way to decode it is two-bit character and one-bit character. So the last character is one-bit character.
Example 2:
Input:
bits = [1, 1, 1, 0]
Output: False
Explanation:
The only way to decode it is two-bit character and two-bit character. So the last character is NOT one-bit character.
Note:

1 <= len(bits) <= 1000.
bits[i] is always 0 or 1.

这道题说有两种特殊的字符，一种是两位字符，只能是二进制的11和10，另一种是单个位字符，只能是二进制的0。现在给了我们一个只包含0和1的数组，问我们能否将其正确的分割，使得最后一个字符是个单个位字符。这道题可以使用贪婪算法来做，因为两种字符互不干扰，只要我们遍历到了数字1，那么其必定是两位字符，所以后面一位也得跟着，而遍历到了数字0，那么就必定是单个位字符。所以我们可以用一个变量i来记录当前遍历到的位置，如果遇到了0，那么i自增1，如果遇到了1，那么i自增2，我们循环的条件是i < n-1，即留出最后一位，所以当循环退出后，当i正好停留在n-1上，说明最后一位是单独分割开的，因为题目中限定了最后一位一定是0，所以没必要再判断了，

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <map>
#include <set>
#include <queue>
#include <stack>
#include <string>
#include <climits>
#include <algorithm>
#include <sstream>
#include <functional>
#include <bitset>
#include <numeric>
#include <cmath>
#include <regex>

using namespace std;


class Solution
{
public:
    bool isOneBitCharacter(vector<int>& bits) 
    {
        int i = 0, n = bits.size();
        while (i < n-1)
        {
            if (bits[i] == 1)
                i += 2;
            else
                i++;
        }
        return i == n - 1;
    }
};