关于线程的C#代码实例:输出1-256之间的所有素数

//关于线程在C#中的描述,请参阅本BLOG的<<C#线程简述>>

using System;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Collections;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Windows.Forms;
using System.Data;
using System.Threading;//使用线程的命名空间

//应用程序的功能：输出1-255之间的所有素数
namespace WindowsThreadTest
{
/// <summary>
/// Form1 的摘要说明。
/// </summary>
public class Form1 : System.Windows.Forms.Form
{
   private System.Windows.Forms.Button button1;//开始线程：Start
   private System.Windows.Forms.Button button2;//暂停线程：Pause
   private System.Windows.Forms.Button button3;//恢复线程：Resume
   private System.Windows.Forms.Button button4;//终止线程：Stop
   /// <summary>
   /// 必需的设计器变量。
   /// </summary>
   private System.ComponentModel.Container components = null;
   private System.Windows.Forms.Button button5;//退出应用程序
   private System.Windows.Forms.ListBox listBox1;//列表框，输出结果
   public Thread primeNumberThread;//声明线程类 Thread 的对象

   public Form1()
   {
    //
    // Windows 窗体设计器支持所必需的
    //
    InitializeComponent();
    //初始化功能按钮
    button1.Enabled=true;
    button2.Enabled=false;
    button3.Enabled=false;
    button4.Enabled=false;

    //
    // TODO: 在 InitializeComponent 调用后添加任何构造函数代码
    //
   }
   //因为用户界面与GeneratePrimeNumbers()方法在不同的线程中运行，
   //故使用委托，通知UI线程更新列表控件。
   //这样做，不会超出线程的边界，应用程序的稳定性也不会降低。
   public delegate void UpdateData(string returnVal);
  
   private void GeneratePrimeNumbers()//生成素数，并且输出结果，显示在列表框内
   {
    //实例的主要目的是使用多线程机制，而不去深入探讨算法。
    int lngCounter=2;
    int lngNumber=3;
    int lngDivideByCounter;
    bool blnIsPrime;
    int[] PrimeArray=new int[256];
   
    string[] args=new string[]{"2"};
    UpdateData UIDel=new UpdateData(UpdateUI);
    PrimeArray[1]=2;
    //listBox1.Items.Add(2);
    this.Invoke(UIDel,args);//通知UI更新自身。
    //while(lngCounter<=255)
    while(lngNumber<=255)
    {
     blnIsPrime=true;
     for(lngDivideByCounter=1;PrimeArray[lngDivideByCounter]*PrimeArray[lngDivideByCounter]<=lngNumber;lngDivideByCounter++)
     {
      if(lngNumber%PrimeArray[lngDivideByCounter]==0)
      {
       blnIsPrime=false;
       break;
      }
     }
     if(blnIsPrime)
     {
      PrimeArray[lngCounter]=lngNumber;
      lngCounter++;
      args[0]=lngNumber.ToString();
      this.Invoke(UIDel,args);//
      //listBox1.Items.Add(lngNumber);
      //若不使用委托，可以使用 Add()方法输出结果。
     }
     Thread.Sleep(500);//主线程睡眠500毫秒。
     lngNumber+=2;
//     button1.Enabled=false;
//     button2.Enabled=true;
//     button3.Enabled=false;
//     button4.Enabled=false;
    }
    //还原最初状态
    button1.Enabled=true;
    button2.Enabled=false;
    button3.Enabled=false;
    button4.Enabled=false;

   }
   void UpdateUI(string result)
   {
    listBox1.Items.Add(result);
   }

   /// <summary>
   /// 清理所有正在使用的资源。
   /// </summary>
   protected override void Dispose( bool disposing )
   {
    if( disposing )
    {
     if (components != null)
     {
      components.Dispose();
     }
    }
    base.Dispose( disposing );
   }

   #region Windows 窗体设计器生成的代码
   /// <summary>
   /// 设计器支持所需的方法 - 不要使用代码编辑器修改
   /// 此方法的内容。
   /// </summary>
   private void InitializeComponent()
   {
    this.button1 = new System.Windows.Forms.Button();
    this.button2 = new System.Windows.Forms.Button();
    this.button3 = new System.Windows.Forms.Button();
    this.button4 = new System.Windows.Forms.Button();
    this.button5 = new System.Windows.Forms.Button();
    this.listBox1 = new System.Windows.Forms.ListBox();
    this.SuspendLayout();
    //
    // button1
    //
    this.button1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(96, 40);
    this.button1.Name = "button1";
    this.button1.TabIndex = 1;
    this.button1.Text = "Start";
    this.button1.Click += new System.EventHandler(this.button1_Click);
    //
    // button2
    //
    this.button2.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(96, 80);
    this.button2.Name = "button2";
    this.button2.TabIndex = 2;
    this.button2.Text = "Pause";
    this.button2.Click += new System.EventHandler(this.button2_Click);
    //
    // button3
    //
    this.button3.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(96, 120);
    this.button3.Name = "button3";
    this.button3.TabIndex = 3;
    this.button3.Text = "Resume";
    this.button3.Click += new System.EventHandler(this.button3_Click);
    //
    // button4
    //
    this.button4.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(96, 160);
    this.button4.Name = "button4";
    this.button4.TabIndex = 4;
    this.button4.Text = "Stop";
    this.button4.Click += new System.EventHandler(this.button4_Click);
    //
    // button5
    //
    this.button5.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(96, 200);
    this.button5.Name = "button5";
    this.button5.TabIndex = 6;
    this.button5.Text = "Exit";
    this.button5.Click += new System.EventHandler(this.button5_Click);
    //
    // listBox1
    //
    this.listBox1.ItemHeight = 12;
    this.listBox1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(8, 8);
    this.listBox1.Name = "listBox1";
    this.listBox1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(80, 292);
    this.listBox1.TabIndex = 7;
    //
    // Form1
    //
    this.AutoScaleBaseSize = new System.Drawing.Size(6, 14);
    this.ClientSize = new System.Drawing.Size(192, 310);
    this.Controls.Add(this.listBox1);
    this.Controls.Add(this.button5);
    this.Controls.Add(this.button4);
    this.Controls.Add(this.button3);
    this.Controls.Add(this.button2);
    this.Controls.Add(this.button1);
    this.Name = "Form1";
    this.Text = "Prime Numbers";
    this.ResumeLayout(false);

   }
   #endregion

   /// <summary>
   /// 应用程序的主入口点。
   /// </summary>
   [STAThread]//单线程模式下运行程序
   static void Main()
   {
    Application.Run(new Form1());//应用程序运行当前类的构造函数
   }

   private void button1_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
   {
    listBox1.Items.Clear();
    //创建 ThreadStart的委托实例
    primeNumberThread=new Thread(new ThreadStart(GeneratePrimeNumbers));
    //定义线程的名称
    primeNumberThread.Name="Prime Numbers Example";
    //设置线程的优先级别
    primeNumberThread.Priority=ThreadPriority.Lowest;
    //设置此时的按钮状态
    button1.Enabled=false;
    button2.Enabled=true;
    button3.Enabled=false;
    button4.Enabled=false;

    //判断当前线程的状态。
    if(primeNumberThread.ThreadState==System.Threading.ThreadState.WaitSleepJoin)
     MessageBox.Show("1");
    else if(primeNumberThread.ThreadState ==System.Threading.ThreadState.AbortRequested)
     MessageBox.Show("2");
    else if (primeNumberThread.ThreadState ==System.Threading.ThreadState.Background)
     MessageBox.Show("3");
    else if (primeNumberThread.ThreadState ==System.Threading.ThreadState.Running)
     MessageBox.Show("4");
    else if(primeNumberThread.ThreadState ==System.Threading.ThreadState.Stopped)
     MessageBox.Show("5");
    else if(primeNumberThread.ThreadState ==System.Threading.ThreadState.StopRequested)
     MessageBox.Show("6");
    else if(primeNumberThread.ThreadState ==System.Threading.ThreadState.Suspended)
     MessageBox.Show("7");
    else if(primeNumberThread.ThreadState ==System.Threading.ThreadState.SuspendRequested)
     MessageBox.Show("8");
    else if (primeNumberThread.ThreadState ==System.Threading.ThreadState.Unstarted)
     MessageBox.Show("9");//在运行之前，判断出当前线程处于Unstarted状态
    else if (primeNumberThread.ThreadState ==System.Threading.ThreadState.Aborted)
     MessageBox.Show("0");
    else MessageBox.Show("否");

    primeNumberThread.Start();//开始执行线程
   
    //判断当前线程的状态。
    if(primeNumberThread.ThreadState==System.Threading.ThreadState.WaitSleepJoin)
     MessageBox.Show("1");
    else if(primeNumberThread.ThreadState ==System.Threading.ThreadState.AbortRequested)
     MessageBox.Show("2");
    else if (primeNumberThread.ThreadState ==System.Threading.ThreadState.Background)
     MessageBox.Show("3");
    else if (primeNumberThread.ThreadState ==System.Threading.ThreadState.Running)
     MessageBox.Show("4");
    else if(primeNumberThread.ThreadState ==System.Threading.ThreadState.Stopped)
     MessageBox.Show("5");
    else if(primeNumberThread.ThreadState ==System.Threading.ThreadState.StopRequested)
     MessageBox.Show("6");
    else if(primeNumberThread.ThreadState ==System.Threading.ThreadState.Suspended)
     MessageBox.Show("7");
    else if(primeNumberThread.ThreadState ==System.Threading.ThreadState.SuspendRequested)
     MessageBox.Show("8");
    else if (primeNumberThread.ThreadState ==System.Threading.ThreadState.Unstarted)
     MessageBox.Show("9");//仍然处于此状态？？？
    else if (primeNumberThread.ThreadState ==System.Threading.ThreadState.Aborted)
     MessageBox.Show("0");
    else MessageBox.Show("否");
   }
  

   private void button3_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
   {
    try
    {
     //判断当前线程的状态。
     if(primeNumberThread.ThreadState==System.Threading.ThreadState.WaitSleepJoin)
      MessageBox.Show("1");
     else if(primeNumberThread.ThreadState ==System.Threading.ThreadState.AbortRequested)
      MessageBox.Show("2");
     else if (primeNumberThread.ThreadState ==System.Threading.ThreadState.Background)
      MessageBox.Show("3");
     else if (primeNumberThread.ThreadState ==System.Threading.ThreadState.Running)
      MessageBox.Show("4");
     else if(primeNumberThread.ThreadState ==System.Threading.ThreadState.Stopped)
      MessageBox.Show("5");
     else if(primeNumberThread.ThreadState ==System.Threading.ThreadState.StopRequested)
      MessageBox.Show("6");
     else if(primeNumberThread.ThreadState ==System.Threading.ThreadState.Suspended)
      MessageBox.Show("7");
     else if(primeNumberThread.ThreadState ==System.Threading.ThreadState.SuspendRequested)
      MessageBox.Show("8");
     else if (primeNumberThread.ThreadState ==System.Threading.ThreadState.Unstarted)
      MessageBox.Show("9");
     else if (primeNumberThread.ThreadState ==System.Threading.ThreadState.Aborted)
      MessageBox.Show("WSJ");
     else //以上状态都不符合
     {
      MessageBox.Show("Resume Now !");
      primeNumberThread.Resume();//继续进行，恢复被挂起的进程
      button3.Enabled=false;
      button1.Enabled=true;
      button2.Enabled=true;
      button4.Enabled=true;
     }
    }
    catch(Exception EX)
    {
     MessageBox.Show(EX.ToString());
    }
  
   }

   private void button4_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
   {
    try
    {
     button1.Enabled=true;
     button2.Enabled=false;
     button3.Enabled=false;
     button4.Enabled=false;
     primeNumberThread.Abort();//终止线程
    }
    catch(Exception EX)
    {
     MessageBox.Show(EX.ToString());
    }
   }

   private void listBox1_SelectedIndexChanged(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
   {
  
   }

   private void button2_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
   {
    /*******/
    //    if(primeNumberThread.ThreadState == System.Threading.ThreadState.WaitSleepJoin)
    try
    {
     if(primeNumberThread.ThreadState == System.Threading.ThreadState.WaitSleepJoin)
     {
      MessageBox.Show("Suspend Now !");
      primeNumberThread.Suspend();//将当前的线程挂起
      button1.Enabled=false;
      button2.Enabled=false;//
      button3.Enabled=true;
      button4.Enabled=false;   
      //    }
      //    else
      //    {
      //     MessageBox.Show("CVB");

     }
     //*********************************//
     // 以下注释的这段代码，列举所用线程状态的属性：用来测试判断当前的线程处于哪个状态。
     //    if(primeNumberThread.ThreadState==System.Threading.ThreadState.WaitSleepJoin)
     //     MessageBox.Show("1");
     //    else if(primeNumberThread.ThreadState ==System.Threading.ThreadState.AbortRequested)
     //     MessageBox.Show("2");
     //    else if (primeNumberThread.ThreadState ==System.Threading.ThreadState.Background)
     //     MessageBox.Show("3");
     //    else if (primeNumberThread.ThreadState ==System.Threading.ThreadState.Running)
     //     MessageBox.Show("4");
     //    else if(primeNumberThread.ThreadState ==System.Threading.ThreadState.Stopped)
     //     MessageBox.Show("5");
     //    else if(primeNumberThread.ThreadState ==System.Threading.ThreadState.StopRequested)
     //     MessageBox.Show("6");
     //    else if(primeNumberThread.ThreadState ==System.Threading.ThreadState.Suspended)
     //     MessageBox.Show("7");
     //    else if(primeNumberThread.ThreadState ==System.Threading.ThreadState.SuspendRequested)
     //     MessageBox.Show("8");
     //    else if (primeNumberThread.ThreadState ==System.Threading.ThreadState.Unstarted)
     //     MessageBox.Show("9");
     //    else if (primeNumberThread.ThreadState ==System.Threading.ThreadState.Aborted)
     //     MessageBox.Show("0");
     //    else MessageBox.Show("Sorry !");
     //**********************************//
    }
    catch(Exception EX)
    {
     MessageBox.Show(EX.ToString());
    }
   }

   private void button5_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
   {
    Application.Exit();//应用程序退出
  
   }

}
}
/***************************
* 读者是否注意到上述代码的问题。
* 每当需要获取线程当前的状态时，实际情况总是会和理论的不相符合。
* 比如，想让当前挂起的线程恢复：
* 我们先取当前的状态，理论下，当前的状态为Suspended，可是寻遍命名空间中线程的10种状态值，
* 竟然发现均不符合。
* 那么疑问，当前是什么状态呢？我们怎样将其恢复呢？
* 尝试使用Resume()方法，竟然奏效了！
* 类似的情况，在“暂停线程”时也遇到了。
* 那么又要疑问：
* 如此的编写程序，是不是线程的状态无法驾驭了？
* 我们又怎么去知道线程当前是什么状态，非要一个一个取值尝试吗？
***************************/

参考文献

　Tobin Titus , Fabio Claudio Ferracchiati 著,王敏 译 . C#线程参考手册 . 北京：清华大学出版社, 2003