Listener、Filter、Servlet都有一个初始化的过程,对应的方法分别为:
contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent arg0)
init(FilterConfig filterConfig)
init(ServletConfig config)
那么它们的初始化顺序是什么呢?
Listener > Filter > Servlet
TestServlet.java
- package com.cos;
- import java.io.IOException;
- import javax.servlet.GenericServlet;
- import javax.servlet.ServletConfig;
- import javax.servlet.ServletException;
- import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
- import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;
- public class TestServlet extends GenericServlet {
- @Override
- public void init(ServletConfig config){
- System.out.println("Servlet 初始化 。。。");
- }
- @Override
- public void service(ServletRequest arg0, ServletResponse arg1) throws ServletException, IOException {
- System.out.println("Servlet service 。。。");
- }
- }
package com.cos;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.GenericServlet;
import javax.servlet.ServletConfig;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;
public class TestServlet extends GenericServlet {
@Override
public void init(ServletConfig config){
System.out.println("Servlet 初始化 。。。");
}
@Override
public void service(ServletRequest arg0, ServletResponse arg1) throws ServletException, IOException {
System.out.println("Servlet service 。。。");
}
}
TestFilter.java
- package com.cos;
- import java.io.IOException;
- import javax.servlet.Filter;
- import javax.servlet.FilterChain;
- import javax.servlet.FilterConfig;
- import javax.servlet.ServletException;
- import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
- import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;
- public class TestFilter implements Filter{
- public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {
- System.out.println("Filter 初始化。。。");
- }
- public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {
- System.out.println("doFilter 。。。");
- chain.doFilter(request, response);
- }
- public void destroy() {
- System.out.println("Filter 销毁。。。");
- }
- }
package com.cos;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.Filter;
import javax.servlet.FilterChain;
import javax.servlet.FilterConfig;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;
public class TestFilter implements Filter{
public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {
System.out.println("Filter 初始化。。。");
}
public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {
System.out.println("doFilter 。。。");
chain.doFilter(request, response);
}
public void destroy() {
System.out.println("Filter 销毁。。。");
}
}
TestListener.java
- package com.cos;
- import javax.servlet.ServletContextEvent;
- import javax.servlet.ServletContextListener;
- public class TestListener implements ServletContextListener{
- public void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent arg0) {
- System.out.println("Listener 初始化。。。");
- }
- public void contextDestroyed(ServletContextEvent arg0) {
- System.out.println("Listener 销毁。。。");
- }
- }
package com.cos;
import javax.servlet.ServletContextEvent;
import javax.servlet.ServletContextListener;
public class TestListener implements ServletContextListener{
public void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent arg0) {
System.out.println("Listener 初始化。。。");
}
public void contextDestroyed(ServletContextEvent arg0) {
System.out.println("Listener 销毁。。。");
}
}
web.xml
- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
- <web-app version="2.5" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd">
- <servlet>
- <servlet-name>s</servlet-name>
- <servlet-class>com.cos.TestServlet</servlet-class>
- </servlet>
- <servlet-mapping>
- <servlet-name>s</servlet-name>
- <url-pattern>/login</url-pattern>
- </servlet-mapping>
- <filter>
- <filter-name>f</filter-name>
- <filter-class>com.cos.TestFilter</filter-class>
- </filter>
- <filter-mapping>
- <filter-name>f</filter-name>
- <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
- </filter-mapping>
- <listener>
- <listener-class>com.cos.TestListener</listener-class>
- </listener>
- </web-app>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <web-app version="2.5" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd"> <servlet> <servlet-name>s</servlet-name> <servlet-class>com.cos.TestServlet</servlet-class> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>s</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/login</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> <filter> <filter-name>f</filter-name> <filter-class>com.cos.TestFilter</filter-class> </filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>f</filter-name> <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> </filter-mapping> <listener> <listener-class>com.cos.TestListener</listener-class> </listener> </web-app>
启动tomcat后,在控制台里以此打印出:
Listener 初始化。。。
Filter 初始化。。。
信息: Server startup in 675 ms
可以看出Listener的初始化最早,Filter次之。他俩的初始化都是在容器启动完成之前初始化的。
Servlet没有初始化,原因是没有匹配的请求进来。
如果想要servlet自动初始化,需要在指定的servlet中配置<load-on-startup>参数,没有此标签,默认启动时servlet不进行初始化。
初始化的顺序跟Listener、Filter、Servlet在web.xml中的顺序无关
而多个Filter或多个Servlet的时候,谁的mapping在前面,谁先初始化。
如果web.xml中配置了<context-param>,初始化顺序:
context-param > Listener > Filter > Servlet