一:HttpClient是Apache下的一个用于进行网络请求的工具,支持全部的Http的七种方式的请求(HTTPGET,HTTPPOST,HTTPHEAD,HTTPPUT,HTTPDELETE,HTTPOPTIONS,HTTPTRACE);
注意:最新版的httpClient使用实现类的是closeableHTTPClient,以前的defaultHttpClient作废了.
二:下面首先介绍基于HttpPost的带有参数的请求:
/**
* 发送 post请求访问本地应用并根据传递参数不同返回不同结果
*/
public void post() {
// 创建默认的httpClient实例.
CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault();
// 创建httppost
HttpPost httppost = new HttpPost("http://localhost:8080/myDemo/Ajax/serivceJ.action");
// 创建参数队列
List<namevaluepair> formparams = new ArrayList<namevaluepair>();
formparams.add(new BasicNameValuePair("type", "house"));
UrlEncodedFormEntity uefEntity;
try {
uefEntity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(formparams, "UTF-8");
httppost.setEntity(uefEntity);
System.out.println("executing request " + httppost.getURI());
CloseableHttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httppost);
try {
HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
if (entity != null) {
System.out.println("--------------------------------------");
System.out.println("Response content: " + EntityUtils.toString(entity, "UTF-8"));
System.out.println("--------------------------------------");
}
} finally {
response.close();
}
} catch (ClientProtocolException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e1) {
e1.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
// 关闭连接,释放资源
try {
httpclient.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
这里要注意的是,POST请求要通过NameValuePair的集合和UrlEncodedFormEntity将请求参数进行双层包装,然后利用httppost对象的setEntity方法设置上。post请求的结果返回为一个response对象,也是通过Entity实体得到服务器返回的最终结果。
三:其次介绍关于HttpClient的get请求:
public void get() {
CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault();
try {
// 创建httpget.
HttpGet httpget = new HttpGet("http://www.baidu.com/");
System.out.println("executing request " + httpget.getURI());
// 执行get请求.
CloseableHttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httpget);
try {
// 获取响应实体
HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
System.out.println("--------------------------------------");
// 打印响应状态
System.out.println(response.getStatusLine());
if (entity != null) {
// 打印响应内容长度
System.out.println("Response content length: " + entity.getContentLength());
// 打印响应内容
System.out.println("Response content: " + EntityUtils.toString(entity));
}
System.out.println("------------------------------------");
} finally {
response.close();
}
} catch (ClientProtocolException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (ParseException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
// 关闭连接,释放资源
try {
httpclient.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
四:下面介绍关于文件上传:
public void upload() {
CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault();
try {
HttpPost httppost = new HttpPost("http://localhost:8080/myDemo/Ajax/serivceFile.action");
FileBody bin = new FileBody(new File("F:\\image\\sendpix0.jpg"));
StringBody comment = new StringBody("A binary file of some kind", ContentType.TEXT_PLAIN);
HttpEntity reqEntity = MultipartEntityBuilder.create().addPart("bin", bin).addPart("comment", comment).build();
httppost.setEntity(reqEntity);
System.out.println("executing request " + httppost.getRequestLine());
CloseableHttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httppost);
try {
System.out.println("----------------------------------------");
System.out.println(response.getStatusLine());
HttpEntity resEntity = response.getEntity();
if (resEntity != null) {
System.out.println("Response content length: " + resEntity.getContentLength());
}
EntityUtils.consume(resEntity);
} finally {
response.close();
}
} catch (ClientProtocolException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
try {
httpclient.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
五:HttpClient的基于SSL方式的请求:
public void ssl() {
CloseableHttpClient httpclient = null;
try {
KeyStore trustStore = KeyStore.getInstance(KeyStore.getDefaultType());
FileInputStream instream = new FileInputStream(new File("d:\\tomcat.keystore"));
try {
// 加载keyStore d:\\tomcat.keystore
trustStore.load(instream, "123456".toCharArray());
} catch (CertificateException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
try {
instream.close();
} catch (Exception ignore) {
}
}
// 相信自己的CA和所有自签名的证书
SSLContext sslcontext = SSLContexts.custom().loadTrustMaterial(trustStore, new TrustSelfSignedStrategy()).build();
// 只允许使用TLSv1协议
SSLConnectionSocketFactory sslsf = new SSLConnectionSocketFactory(sslcontext, new String[] { "TLSv1" }, null,
SSLConnectionSocketFactory.BROWSER_COMPATIBLE_HOSTNAME_VERIFIER);
httpclient = HttpClients.custom().setSSLSocketFactory(sslsf).build();
// 创建http请求(get方式)
HttpGet httpget = new HttpGet("https://localhost:8443/myDemo/Ajax/serivceJ.action");
System.out.println("executing request" + httpget.getRequestLine());
CloseableHttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httpget);
try {
HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
System.out.println("----------------------------------------");
System.out.println(response.getStatusLine());
if (entity != null) {
System.out.println("Response content length: " + entity.getContentLength());
System.out.println(EntityUtils.toString(entity));
EntityUtils.consume(entity);
}
} finally {
response.close();
}
} catch (ParseException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (KeyManagementException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (KeyStoreException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
if (httpclient != null) {
try {
httpclient.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
六:基于Post方式的表单的请求:
public void postForm() {
// 创建默认的httpClient实例.
CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault();
// 创建httppost
HttpPost httppost = new HttpPost("http://localhost:8080/myDemo/Ajax/serivceJ.action");
// 创建参数队列
List<namevaluepair> formparams = new ArrayList<namevaluepair>();
formparams.add(new BasicNameValuePair("username", "admin"));
formparams.add(new BasicNameValuePair("password", "123456"));
UrlEncodedFormEntity uefEntity;
try {
uefEntity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(formparams, "UTF-8");
httppost.setEntity(uefEntity);
System.out.println("executing request " + httppost.getURI());
CloseableHttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httppost);
try {
HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
if (entity != null) {
System.out.println("--------------------------------------");
System.out.println("Response content: " + EntityUtils.toString(entity, "UTF-8"));
System.out.println("--------------------------------------");
}
} finally {
response.close();
}
} catch (ClientProtocolException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e1) {
e1.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
// 关闭连接,释放资源
try {
httpclient.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
七:有关于API的其他的介绍:
1.HttpClient提供了URIBuilder通用类来创建或修改请求URI,例如:
URI uri = new URIBuilder()
.setScheme("http")
.setHost("www.google.com")
.setPath("/search")
.setParameter("q", "httpclient")
.setParameter("btnG", "Google Search")
.setParameter("aq", "f")
.setParameter("oq", "")
.build();
HttpGet httpget = new HttpGet(uri);
System.out.println(httpget.getURI())
2.注意Http的Response返回的结果分别是:
响应行,响应头和响应体。针对于此,HttpClient返回的结果都可以得到:
关于响应行的解析:
HttpResponse response = new BasicHttpResponse(HttpVersion.HTTP_1_1,
HttpStatus.SC_OK, "OK");
得到Http协议的版本:
response.getProtocolVersion();
得到响应码:
response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode()
得到响应的状态信息:
response.getStatusLine().getReasonPhrase()
得到整个的响应行:
response.getStatusLine().toString()
关于响应头的解析:
HttpResponse response = new BasicHttpResponse(HttpVersion.HTTP_1_1,
HttpStatus.SC_OK, "OK");
response.addHeader("Set-Cookie", "c1=a; path=/; domain=localhost");
response.addHeader("Set-Cookie", "c2=b; path=\"/\", c3=c; domain=\"localhost\"");
Header h1 = response.getFirstHeader("Set-Cookie");
System.out.println(h1);
Header h2 = response.getLastHeader("Set-Cookie");
System.out.println(h2);
Header[] hs = response.getHeaders("Set-Cookie");
System.out.println(hs.length);
HttpResponse response = new BasicHttpResponse(HttpVersion.HTTP_1_1,
HttpStatus.SC_OK, "OK");
response.addHeader("Set-Cookie", "c1=a; path=/; domain=localhost");
response.addHeader("Set-Cookie", "c2=b; path=\"/\", c3=c; domain=\"localhost\"");
HeaderIterator it = response.headerIterator("Set-Cookie");
while (it.hasNext()) {
System.out.println(it.next());
}
关于响应体的操作:
StringEntity myEntity = new StringEntity("important message",
ContentType.create("text/plain","UTF-8"));
System.out.println(myEntity.getContentType());
System.out.println(myEntity.getContentLength());
System.out.println(EntityUtils.toString(myEntity));
System.out.println(EntityUtils.toByteArray(myEntity).length);
CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault();
HttpGet httpget = new HttpGet("http://ifeng.com");
//使用java7中的语法,自动调用close()方法,所以这里没有显示调用
try(CloseableHttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httpget)){
HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
try(BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(
entity.getContent(),StandardCharsets.UTF_8))){
Stream<String> sm = reader.lines();
sm.forEach(System.out::println);
}
}catch(Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}