Java不可变类

不可变类immutable class，就是字面含义，一旦初始化后就不能再被改变的类，比如String,Integer等。

如何创建一个不可变类？

1.final and no setter

2.for nested object / custom object getter: copy and return

// 1. member variable is nested object: List, Map etc.
public List getPhoneNumbers(){
	return new ArrayList<>(phoneNumbers);
}
// 2.member variable is custom object
// custom class implements Cloneable, getter return a clone
public Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
    return super.clone();
    }
public Address getAddress() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
    return (Address) address.clone();
    }

3.create copies of collection passed as arg to Constructor, otherwise nothing stops modifying objects outside of the immutable object

A(List<E> list){
    this.list = new ArrayList<>(list);
}