atoi

int atoi (const char * str);
Convert string to integer

/* atoi example */
#include <stdio.h>      /* printf, fgets */
#include <stdlib.h>     /* atoi */

int main ()
{
  int i;
  char buffer[256];
  printf ("Enter a number: ");
  fgets (buffer, 256, stdin);
  i = atoi (buffer);
  printf ("The value entered is %d. Its double is %d.\n",i,i*2);
  return 0;
}
Edit & Run

Enter a number: 73
The value entered is 73. Its double is 146.

atol
long int atol ( const char * str );
Convert string to long integer

/* atol example */
#include <stdio.h>      /* printf, fgets */
#include <stdlib.h>     /* atol */

int main ()
{
  long int li;
  char buffer[256];
  printf ("Enter a long number: ");
  fgets (buffer, 256, stdin);
  li = atol(buffer);
  printf ("The value entered is %ld. Its double is %ld.\n",li,li*2);
  return 0;
}
Edit & Run

 Enter a number: 567283
The value entered is 567283. Its double is 1134566.

atof
double atof (const char* str);
Convert string to double

/* atof example: sine calculator */
#include <stdio.h>      /* printf, fgets */
#include <stdlib.h>     /* atof */
#include <math.h>       /* sin */

int main ()
{
  double n,m;
  double pi=3.1415926535;
  char buffer[256];
  printf ("Enter degrees: ");
  fgets (buffer,256,stdin);
  n = atof (buffer);
  m = sin (n*pi/180);
  printf ("The sine of %f degrees is %f\n" , n, m);
  return 0;
}

Enter degrees: 45
The sine of 45.000000 degrees is 0.707101

strtod
double strtod (const char* str, char** endptr);
Convert string to double

/* strtod example */
#include <stdio.h>      /* printf, NULL */
#include <stdlib.h>     /* strtod */

int main ()
{
  char szOrbits[] = "365.24 29.53";
  char* pEnd;
  double d1, d2;
  d1 = strtod (szOrbits, &pEnd);
  d2 = strtod (pEnd, NULL);
  printf ("The moon completes %.2f orbits per Earth year.\n", d1/d2);
  return 0;
}

  The moon completes 12.37 orbits per Earth year.

strtol
long int strtol (const char* str, char** endptr, int base);
Convert string to long integer

/* strtol example */
#include <stdio.h>      /* printf */
#include <stdlib.h>     /* strtol */

int main ()
{
  char szNumbers[] = "2001 60c0c0 -1101110100110100100000 0x6fffff";
  char * pEnd;
  long int li1, li2, li3, li4;
  li1 = strtol (szNumbers,&pEnd,10);
  li2 = strtol (pEnd,&pEnd,16);
  li3 = strtol (pEnd,&pEnd,2);
  li4 = strtol (pEnd,NULL,0);
  printf ("The decimal equivalents are: %ld, %ld, %ld and %ld.\n", li1, li2, li3, li4);
  return 0;
}

The decimal equivalents are: 2001, 6340800, -3624224 and 7340031

strtoul
unsigned long int strtoul (const char* str, char** endptr, int base);
Convert string to unsigned long integer

/* strtoul example */
#include <stdio.h>      /* printf, NULL */
#include <stdlib.h>     /* strtoul */

int main ()
{
  char buffer [256];
  unsigned long ul;
  printf ("Enter an unsigned number: ");
  fgets (buffer, 256, stdin);
  ul = strtoul (buffer, NULL, 0);
  printf ("Value entered: %lu. Its double: %lu\n",ul,ul*2);
  return 0;
}
Edit & Run

Enter degrees: 45
The sine of 45.000000 degrees is 0.707101