C#用委托传递Thread参数及其泛型封装

使用ParameterizedThreadStart委托创建的Thread可以调用Start(Object)传参，当方法不具有与ParameterizedThreadStart兼容的签名和返回类型时，需要对方法进行封装，其中就包括如何处理返回值和out/ref参数的问题。

比如在线程中要执行下面的方法

		public static string testFunc (ref double a, int b, out double c)
		{
			double d = a + 0.01;
			c = d;
			string s = "a=" + a + ";b=" + b + ";c=" + d;
			a = a + b;
			return s;
		}

可以看出.NET自带的委托(Action,Func,Predicate)都不适用于testFunc，下面自己声明一个委托

		public delegate string TestDelegate (ref double a, int b, out double c);

在实例化Thread的时候不直接把testFunc传过去，在传过去的匿名函数中被调用的是一个以testFunc作为参数的Action<TestDelegate>实例，而这个实例作为参数在Thread.Start中传入，对testFunc的调用及其参数和返回值的处理写在这个Action<TestDelegate>实例之中。

		static void Main (string[] args)
		{
			Console.WriteLine ("Hello World!");
			testThread ();
			Thread.Sleep (1000);
			Console.WriteLine (s);
		}

		public static void testThread ()
		{
			double a = 3.5, c;
			int b = 1;
			string s = string.Empty;

			Thread thread = new Thread ((object parameter) => {
				Action<TestDelegate> p = parameter as Action<TestDelegate>;
				if (p != null) {
					p (testFunc);
				}
			});
			thread.Start ((TestDelegate start) => s = start (ref a, b, out c));
		}

然后按上面的方法封装成一个泛型Thread如下

	class Thread<TStart> /* where TStart : Delegate */ // 约束不能是特殊类“System.Delegate”
	{
		Thread originalThread;

		public Thread OriginalThread { get { return originalThread; } }

		public Thread (TStart start)
		{
			originalThread = new Thread (convertStart (start));
		}

		public Thread (TStart start, int maxStackSize)
		{
			originalThread = new Thread (convertStart (start), maxStackSize);
		}

		ParameterizedThreadStart convertStart (TStart start)
		{
			return (object parameter) => {
				Action<TStart> p = parameter as Action<TStart>;
				if (p != null) {
					p (start);
				}
			};
		}

		public void Start (Action<TStart> parameter)
		{
			originalThread.Start (parameter);
		}
	}

在Main中加入调用代码

		static void Main (string[] args)
		{
			Console.WriteLine ("Hello World!");
			testThread ();
			Thread.Sleep (1000);
			Console.WriteLine (s);

			double a = 3.5, c;
			int b = 1;
			string s = string.Empty;

			Thread<TestDelegate> thread = new Thread<TestDelegate> (testFunc);
			thread.Start ((TestDelegate start) => {
				for (int i = 1; i < 10; i++) {
					s = start (ref a, 2, out c);
					Console.WriteLine (s);
					Thread.Sleep (1000);
				}
			});

			for (int i = 1; i < 10; i++) {
				Console.WriteLine ("Hello World!");
				Thread.Sleep (1000);
			}
		}

下面被注释的语句报编译器错误CS1628“不能在匿名方法、lambda 表达式或查询表达式内使用 ref 或 out 参数”

		public static string testThread (ref double a, int b, out double c)
		{
			string s = string.Empty;
			Thread<TestDelegate> thread = new Thread<TestDelegate> (testFunc);
			// thread.Start ((TestDelegate start) => s = start (ref a, b, out c));
			double a1 = a, c1 = default(double);
			thread.Start ((TestDelegate start) => s = start (ref a1, b, out c1));
			c = c1;
			return s;
		}

而值参数和局部变量方式则没有这个限制，这涉及到C#的闭包。