C语言数组与指针(四)

//不能对未初始化的指针取值 *p,会导致内存错误,因为p指针只是分配了指针内存，没有分配数据内存，4不知道会被存到哪里；应该分配一个已存在指针地址

    int *p;

    int f = 4;

    *p = 4;    //错误:

    p = &f;    //正确: 将一个已经分配的指针地址赋值给 p

数组初始化

int array()
{
    
    //1、整型数组
    int i_ary[] = {1,3,5}; //i_ary 就是指针,是数组首元素的地址，
    printf("i_ary数组通过地址获取每元素值:\n默认首元素--%d\n [0]--%d\n [1]--%d\n [2]--%d\n",*i_ary,*(i_ary+0),*(i_ary+1),*(i_ary+2));
    /*
     默认首元素--1
     [0]--1
     [1]--3
     [2]--5
     */
    
    int ii_ary[2] = {1,2};
    
    

    //2、浮点数组
    float f_ary[] = {1.1,2.2,3.3};
    float ff_ary[(int) 2.5];
    ff_ary[1] = 1.2;
    ff_ary[0] = 2.343;
    
    
    
    //3、字符数组
    char c_ary[] = {'a','b','d'};
    char c2_ary[] = "ABD"; //字符串会自动添加 '\0'结束符，数组元素个数 = 实参+结束符
    
    
    
    //TODO:先声明后赋值
    //如果只初始化一部分，未必初始化部分会被设置为0
    int l_ary[4];

    l_ary[0] = 1;
    l_ary[1] = 2;
    l_ary[2] = 3;
    l_ary[3] = 4;

    printf("下标1的元素:%d\r\n",l_ary[1]);
    scanf("%d",&l_ary[1]);
    printf("输出:%d\n",l_ary[1]);

    
    
    //C99新特性:指定下标初始化
    int c99_ary[10] = {[1]=3,[3]=10,[8]=44};
    /**
     * 输出结果:
       (int [10]) c99_ary = ([0] = 0, [1] = 3, [2] = 0, [3] = 10, [4] = 0, [5] = 0, [6] = 0, [7] = 0, [8] = 44, [9] = 0)
     */
    
}

多维数组

int arrays()
{
    //5个由12个整数组成的数组的数组,每个元素包含12个整型数组
    int i_ary[5][12];
    //每个元素的类型是 int[12]
    
    //多维数组赋值
    int ii_ary[5][12] = {{1,2},{2,3,3,5,7,8},{35,333,1},{32,3,111},{456,66,999}};
    int m[3][5] = {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15};
    int aba = 10;
    int *m2[] = {&aba,&aba};
    int *m3[2][2] = {{&aba,&aba},{&aba,&aba}};
    
    char sdf[2][3] = {{"sf"},{"df"}};
    char sdf2[2][3] = {"sf","df"};
    
    //指针数组
    char *cc_ary[] = {"adfdf","dfffd","sdfdf"};
    char *wer[] = {"dsf","dfdf","dfdf"};
    char *wer2[] = {"dsfdf"};
    char *wer3[2][2] = {"dsf","dfdf"};
    
    //字符数组
    char aa[] = {"dfdfdf"};
    char aa2[2][3] = {{"df"},{"aa"}};
    
    return 0;
}

数组与指针(参考网络)

int arrayAndPointer()
{
    static int m[3][4]={0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11};/* 定义二维数组m并初始化*/
    int (*p)[4];//数组指针  p是指针，指向一维数组,每个一维数组有4个int元素
    int i,j;
    int *b;
    int *q[3] = {b,b,b};//指针数组 q是数组，数组元素是指针，3个int指针
    p=m;    //p是指针，可以直接指向二维数组
    printf("--数组指针输出元素--\n");

    
    for(i=0;i<3;i++)/*输出二维数组中各个元素的数值*/
    {
        for(j=0;j<4;j++)
        {
            printf("%3d ",*(*(p+i)+j));
            
        }
        printf("\n");
    }
    printf("\n");
    for(i=0;i<3;i++,p++)//p可看成是行指针
    {
        printf("%3d ",**p);//每一行的第一个元素
        printf("%3d ",*(*p+1));//每一行的第二个元素
        printf("%3d ",*(*p+2));//每一行的第三个元素
        printf("%3d ",*(*p+3));//每一行的第四个元素
        printf("\n");
    }
    printf("\n");
    printf("--指针数组输出元素--\n");
    for(i=0;i<3;i++)
        q[i]=m[i];//q是数组，元素q[i]是指针
    for(i=0;i<3;i++)
    {
        for(j=0;j<4;j++)
        {
            printf("%3d ",q[i][j]);//q[i][j]可换成*(q[i]+j)
        }
        printf("\n");
    }
    printf("\n");
    q[0]=m[0];
    for(i=0;i<3;i++)
    {
        for(j=0;j<4;j++)
        {
            printf("%3d ",*(q[0]+j+4*i));
        }
        printf("\n");
    }
    printf("\n");
    
    return 0;
    
    //_____________
    printf("4的十六%#x",4);
    
    for (int i=0; i<3; i++) {
        
        for (int y=0; y<4; y++) {
            
            printf("每个元素值是:%p\n",&(m[i][y]));
        }
    }
}

char bb[100] = "去你妹的 fread fwrite";
    char bbb[] = {"sdfsdfsadf"};
    char *b2 = "去你妹的 fread fwrite";
    
    char c1[] = "dsf";
    
    char *bbbb[] = {"sdf","d"};
    char (*bbbbb)[] = &bbb;

int pointer()
{
    //1、整形指针
    int i_ary[] = {1,3,5};
    int ii_ary[] = {1,2};
    int *iii_ary[11];
    printf("%p",i_ary);
    
    int tt = 5;
    int *b = &tt; //地址赋值给左边指针
    
    //数组首地址赋值给指针，指针通过内存地址取值
    int iiii[11] = {1,2,3}; //指针数组，元素类型为整型
    printf("0=%p 1=%p",&iiii[0],&iiii[1]);
    int *asdf = iiii;
    int ss = *(asdf+1); //asdf[1] 等同于 *(asdf+1) ;
    
    
    
    
    
    //2、浮点指针
    
    
    
    //3、char指针
    char *cc_ary[] = {"adfdf","dfffd","sdfdf"};

    return 0;
}