Java持久性API（JPA）第1讲——简单实例

 

目标：使用Java持久性API把数据库中的数据显示出来。

基本过程包括：

u       加载驱动程序

u       创建数据库以及表

u       在NetBeans中加载驱动程序

u       在NetBeans中创建连接

u       创建持久单元以及实体类

u       创建访问持久单元的会话Bean

u       创建Servlet客户端程序，访问会话Bean，并显示结果

1、放JDBC驱动程序到下面的目录

根据自己的安装目录进行修改。如果采用默认安装，应该放在下面的目录下。

C:/Sun/AppServer/domains/domain1/lib/ext

2、在MySQL数据库中添加数据库entity

create database entity

3、创建表userinfo

    在entity数据库中创建表，表结构与书上25章的一样，插入几条测试数据。

create table userinfo

(

   userid varchar(10) primary key not null,

   username varchar(10) not null,

   userpass varchar(10) not null,

   usertype char(1) not null

)

插入如下测试数据：

insert into userinfo values('user001','zhangsan','zhangsan','0');

insert into userinfo values('user002','lisi','lisi','0');

insert into userinfo values('admin001','mishu','mishu','0');

4、在NetBeans中添加驱动程序

在Drivers上面点击右键，选择New Driver。选择JDBC驱动程序所在的jar压缩包。

5、添加连接

在上图的Databases上点击右键选择New Connection，在弹出的界面上选择前面添加的驱动程序，然后修改URL，修改后：jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/entity。

其中：localhost表示主机，3306表示端口，entity表示数据库。

6、创建EJB Module

    选择File àNew Project，选择中间的Enterprise，然后选择右边的EJB Module。工程的名字是UserSession。

7、创建持久单元

在工程上面点击右键，选择New àFile/Folder，选择中间的Persistence，右边选择Persistence Unit。在弹出的界面中，选择数据源：选择New DataSource。在弹出的界面中输入一个JNDI名字entity2，然后选择前面第5步创建好的连接。

生成的文件如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<persistence version="1.0"

xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence"

xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"

xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence

http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence/persistence_1_0.xsd">

 <persistence-unit name="UserPU" transaction-type="JTA">

    <provider>

oracle.toplink.essentials.ejb.cmp3.EntityManagerFactoryProvider

</provider>

    <jta-data-source>entity2</jta-data-source>

    <properties>

      <property name="toplink.ddl-generation" value="create-tables"/>

    </properties>

 </persistence-unit>

</persistence>

8、创建持久类

在工程上面点击右键，选择New，然后选择Entity Class from DataBase。在DataSource中选择刚才配置好的数据源entity2。然后在左下方会出现表，选择中间的Add，添加到右边。选择下一步，然后完成即可。生成的文件如下：

/*

 * Userinfo.java

 *

 * Created on 2007 年5月21日, 上午6:17

 *

 * To change this template, choose Tools | Template Manager

 * and open the template in the editor.

 */

 

package jpa;

 

import java.io.Serializable;

import javax.persistence.Column;

import javax.persistence.Entity;

import javax.persistence.Id;

import javax.persistence.NamedQueries;

import javax.persistence.NamedQuery;

import javax.persistence.Table;

 

/**

 * Entity class Userinfo

 *

 * @author Administrator

 */

@Entity

@Table(name = "userinfo")

@NamedQueries( {

        @NamedQuery(name = "Userinfo.findByUserid",

 query = "SELECT u FROM Userinfo u WHERE u.userid = :userid"),

        @NamedQuery(name = "Userinfo.findByUsername",

query = "SELECT u FROM Userinfo u WHERE u.username = :username"),

        @NamedQuery(name = "Userinfo.findByUserpass",

query = "SELECT u FROM Userinfo u WHERE u.userpass = :userpass"),

        @NamedQuery(name = "Userinfo.findByUsertype",

query = "SELECT u FROM Userinfo u WHERE u.usertype = :usertype")

    })

public class Userinfo implements Serializable {

 

    @Id

    @Column(name = "userid", nullable = false)

    private String userid;

 

    @Column(name = "username", nullable = false)

    private String username;

 

    @Column(name = "userpass", nullable = false)

    private String userpass;

 

    @Column(name = "usertype", nullable = false)

    private char usertype;

    

    /** Creates a new instance of Userinfo */

    public Userinfo() {

    }

 

    /**

     * Creates a new instance of Userinfo with the specified values.

     * @param userid the userid of the Userinfo

     */

    public Userinfo(String userid) {

        this.userid = userid;

    }

 

    /**

     * Creates a new instance of Userinfo with the specified values.

     * @param userid the userid of the Userinfo

     * @param username the username of the Userinfo

     * @param userpass the userpass of the Userinfo

     * @param usertype the usertype of the Userinfo

     */

    public Userinfo(String userid, String username, String userpass, char usertype) {

        this.userid = userid;

        this.username = username;

        this.userpass = userpass;

        this.usertype = usertype;

    }

 

    /**

     * Gets the userid of this Userinfo.

     * @return the userid

     */

    public String getUserid() {

        return this.userid;

    }

 

    /**

     * Sets the userid of this Userinfo to the specified value.

     * @param userid the new userid

     */

    public void setUserid(String userid) {

        this.userid = userid;

    }

 

    /**

     * Gets the username of this Userinfo.

     * @return the username

     */

    public String getUsername() {

        return this.username;

    }

 

    /**

     * Sets the username of this Userinfo to the specified value.

     * @param username the new username

     */

    public void setUsername(String username) {

        this.username = username;

    }

 

    /**

     * Gets the userpass of this Userinfo.

     * @return the userpass

     */

    public String getUserpass() {

        return this.userpass;

    }

 

    /**

     * Sets the userpass of this Userinfo to the specified value.

     * @param userpass the new userpass

     */

    public void setUserpass(String userpass) {

        this.userpass = userpass;

    }

 

    /**

     * Gets the usertype of this Userinfo.

     * @return the usertype

     */

    public char getUsertype() {

        return this.usertype;

    }

 

    /**

     * Sets the usertype of this Userinfo to the specified value.

     * @param usertype the new usertype

     */

    public void setUsertype(char usertype) {

        this.usertype = usertype;

    }

 

    /**

     * Returns a hash code value for the object. This implementation computes

     * a hash code value based on the id fields in this object.

     * @return a hash code value for this object.

     */

    @Override

    public int hashCode() {

        int hash = 0;

        hash += (this.userid != null ? this.userid.hashCode() : 0);

        return hash;

    }

 

    /**

     * Determines whether another object is equal to this Userinfo. The result is

     * <code>true</code> if and only if the argument is not null and is a Userinfo object

that

     * has the same id field values as this object.

     * @param object the reference object with which to compare

     * @return <code>true</code> if this object is the same as the argument;

     * <code>false</code> otherwise.

     */

    @Override

    public boolean equals(Object object) {

        // TODO: Warning - this method won't work in the case the id fields are not set

        if (!(object instanceof Userinfo)) {

            return false;

        }

        Userinfo other = (Userinfo)object;

        if (this.userid != other.userid &&

(this.userid == null || !this.userid.equals(other.userid)))

 return false;

        return true;

    }

 

    /**

     * Returns a string representation of the object. This implementation constructs

     * that representation based on the id fields.

     * @return a string representation of the object.

     */

    @Override

    public String toString() {

        return "jpa.Userinfo[userid=" + userid + "]";

    }

   

}

然后在Persistence.xml文件的设计界面的下面有 Add Class 按钮，点击该按钮，然后把刚创建好的实体类添加到持久单元中。

9、编写会话Bean访问该实体

在该工程中添加一个会话Bean，添加过程参考会话Bean的编写，Bean的名字是UserManager，提供Remote接口。

在该会话Bean中添加一个业务方法，下面是修改后的文件，红色部分是添加的。

9.1 接口文件

package jpa;

 

import javax.ejb.Remote;

import java.util.List;

 

 

/**

 * This is the business interface for UserManager enterprise bean.

 */

@Remote

public interface UserManagerRemote {

    public List<Userinfo> findAllUser();

}

 

9.2 Bean类

/*

 * UserManagerBean.java

 *

 * Created on 2007 年5月21日, 上午6:18

 *

 * To change this template, choose Tools | Template Manager

 * and open the template in the editor.

 */

 

package jpa;

 

import javax.ejb.Stateless;

import javax.persistence.PersistenceContext;

import javax.persistence.EntityManager;

import java.util.List;

 

/**

 *

 * @author Administrator

 */

@Stateless

public class UserManagerBean implements jpa.UserManagerRemote {

   

    @PersistenceContext

    EntityManager em;

   

    /** Creates a new instance of UserManagerBean */

    public UserManagerBean() {

    }

    public List<Userinfo> findAllUser(){

        return em.createQuery("select u from Userinfo u").getResultList();

    }

   

}

10 、编写 Servlet 客户端访问会话 Bean

需要引入会话Bean的客户端程序，可以在Web应用的Liberaries上点击右键，选择Add Project，如下面的界面，选择前面创建的EJB模块，选择添加即可（这样就不用拷贝会话Bean的接口文件了）。

然后在工程里面添加一个Servlet，名字为FindAllUserServlet，修改后的代码如下（红色部分是添加的）：

/*

 * FindAllUserServlet.java

 *

 * Created on 2007 年5月21日, 上午6:27

 */

 

package jpa.web;

 

import java.io.*;

import java.net.*;

 

import javax.servlet.*;

import javax.servlet.http.*;

import javax.ejb.EJB;

import jpa.UserManagerRemote;

import jpa.Userinfo;

import java.util.List;

import java.util.Iterator;

 

/**

 *

 * @author Administrator

 * @version

 */

public class FindAllUserServlet extends HttpServlet {

   

    @EJB

    UserManagerRemote user;

   

    /** Processes requests for both HTTP <code>GET</code> and <code>POST</code> methods.

     * @param request servlet request

     * @param response servlet response

     */

    protected void processRequest(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)

    throws ServletException, IOException {

        response.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");

        PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();

       

        List<Userinfo> list=user.findAllUser();

        Iterator<Userinfo> i = list.iterator();

        while(i.hasNext()){

            Userinfo tmpUser = i.next();

            out.print(tmpUser.getUserid()+"-"+tmpUser.getUsername()+"<br>");

        }

 

        out.close();

    }

   

    // <editor-fold defaultstate="collapsed" desc="HttpServlet methods. Click on the + sign on the left to edit the code.">

    /** Handles the HTTP <code>GET</code> method.

     * @param request servlet request

     * @param response servlet response

     */

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)

    throws ServletException, IOException {

        processRequest(request, response);

    }

   

    /** Handles the HTTP <code>POST</code> method.

     * @param request servlet request

     * @param response servlet response

     */

    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)

    throws ServletException, IOException {

        processRequest(request, response);

    }

   

    /** Returns a short description of the servlet.

     */

    public String getServletInfo() {

        return "Short description";

    }

    // </editor-fold>

}

11、运行测试

        分别部署EJB模块和Web模块，访问Servlet可以得到用户列表。

更多内容可以参考本人的书《Java EE 5实用教程——基于WebLogic和Eclipse》