最详细搭建SSH框架环境
本博文主要是讲解如何搭建一个比较规范的SSH开发环境，以及对它测试【在前面的搭建中，只是整合了SSH框架，能够使用SSH实现功能】，而这次是相对规范的。
导入开发包
在Struts配置文件中添加常量
<!-- 禁用动态方法访问 --> <constant name="struts.enable.DynamicMethodInvocation" value="false" /> <!-- 配置成开发模式 --> <constant name="struts.devMode" value="true" /> <!-- 配置拓展名为action --> <constant name="struts.action.extention" value="action" /> <!-- 把主题配置成simple --> <constant name="struts.ui.theme" value="simple" />
<constant name="struts.enable.DynamicMethodInvocation" value="false" />
<!-- 配置成开发模式 -->
<constant name="struts.devMode" value="true" />
<!-- 配置拓展名为action -->
<constant name="struts.action.extention" value="action" />
<!-- 把主题配置成simple -->
<constant name="struts.ui.theme" value="simple" />
添加struts2过滤器
<filter> <filter-name>struts2</filter-name> <filter-class>org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter</filter-class> </filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>struts2</filter-name> <url-pattern>*.action</url-pattern> </filter-mapping>
<filter-name>struts2</filter-name> <filter-class>org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter</filter-class>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>struts2</filter-name>
<url-pattern>*.action</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
添加Spring配置文件
把Spring的配置文件添加到src的目录下：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd"></beans>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
</beans>
注册监听器
在web.xml文件中注册监听器：
<listener> <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class> </listener> <context-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value> </context-param>
<listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
</listener>
<context-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value>
</context-param>
测试SSH
我们会一般会新建一个test包来测试，与src是平级的。
Struts2和Spring
预期：如果可以在action中能够正确调用service里面的方法执行并返回到一个页面中；那么我们认定struts和spring的整合是成功的。
测试IOC容器
private ClassPathXmlApplicationContext context; @Test public void load() { context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("bean.xml"); System.out.println(context); }
@Test
public void load() {
context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("bean.xml");
System.out.println(context);
}
测试Spring
package zhongfucheng.test.service;/** * Created by ozc on 2017/5/22. */public interface TestService { void say();}
/**
* Created by ozc on 2017/5/22.
*/
public interface TestService {
void say();
}
package zhongfucheng.test.service.impl;import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;/** * Created by ozc on 2017/5/22. */@Servicepublic class TestServiceImpl implements zhongfucheng.test.service.TestService { @Override public void say() { System.out.println("hi "); }}
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
/**
* Created by ozc on 2017/5/22.
*/
@Service
public class TestServiceImpl implements zhongfucheng.test.service.TestService {
@Override
public void say() {
System.out.println("hi ");
}
}
<context:component-scan base-package="zhongfucheng.test"/>
<import resource="classpath:zhongfucheng/test/config/test-spring.xml"/>
@Test public void testSpring() { TestService testService = (TestService) context.getBean("testServiceImpl"); System.out.println(testService); }
public void testSpring() {
TestService testService = (TestService) context.getBean("testServiceImpl");
System.out.println(testService);
}
测试Struts
创建action目录，创建TestAction
package zhongfucheng.test.action;import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;/** * Created by ozc on 2017/5/22. */public class TestAction extends ActionSupport { public String test2() { return SUCCESS; }}
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
/**
* Created by ozc on 2017/5/22.
*/
public class TestAction extends ActionSupport {
public String test2() {
return SUCCESS;
}
}
在config下多添加一个Struts的配置文件，配置对应的信息。在Class中要么我们在配置Action的时候把对象交给Spring管理，要么就直接写上类的全名交给Struts2管理。这两种方式都是可以的！【这里我们使用的是把对象交给Struts2管理，Spring是可以感知的，因为我们导入了Struts2-Spring.jar包】
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN" "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd"><struts> <package name="test" namespace="/" extends="struts-default"> <action name="test_*" class="zhongfucheng.test.action.TestAction" method="{1}"> <result name="success">/WEB-INF/jsp/test/test.jsp</result> </action> </package></struts>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
"-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN"
"http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd">
<struts>
<package name="test" namespace="/" extends="struts-default">
<action name="test_*" class="zhongfucheng.test.action.TestAction" method="{1}">
<result name="success">/WEB-INF/jsp/test/test.jsp</result>
</action>
</package>
</struts>
当然了，在Struts2的总配置文件中也要把test中的Struts配置文件引入
在WEB-INF下创建专门管理JSP的目录，其中创建用于测试的test.jsp
public class TestAction extends ActionSupport { @Qualifier("testServiceImpl") @Autowired private TestService service; public String test2() { service.say(); return SUCCESS; }}class TestAction extends ActionSupport {
@Qualifier("testServiceImpl")
@Autowired
private TestService service;
public String test2() {
service.say();
return SUCCESS;
}
}
整合hibernate和spring
C3P0连接池
<!-- 导入外部的properties配置文件 --> <context:property-placeholder location="classpath:db.properties" /> <!-- 配置c3p0数据源 --> <bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource" destroy-method="close"> <property name="jdbcUrl" value="${jdbcUrl}"></property> <property name="driverClass" value="${driverClass}"></property> <property name="user" value="${user}"></property> <property name="password" value="${password}"></property> <!--初始化时获取三个连接，取值应在minPoolSize与maxPoolSize之间。Default: 3 --> <property name="initialPoolSize" value="${initialPoolSize}"></property> <!--连接池中保留的最小连接数。Default: 3 --> <property name="minPoolSize" value="3"></property> <!--连接池中保留的最大连接数。Default: 15 --> <property name="maxPoolSize" value="${maxPoolSize}"></property> <!--当连接池中的连接耗尽的时候c3p0一次同时获取的连接数。Default: 3 --> <property name="acquireIncrement" value="3"></property> <!--最大空闲时间，1800秒内未使用则连接被丢弃，若为0则永不丢弃。Default: 0 --> <property name="maxIdleTime" value="1800"></property> </bean>
<context:property-placeholder location="classpath:db.properties" />
<!-- 配置c3p0数据源 -->
<bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource" destroy-method="close">
<property name="jdbcUrl" value="${jdbcUrl}"></property>
<property name="driverClass" value="${driverClass}"></property>
<property name="user" value="${user}"></property>
<property name="password" value="${password}"></property>
<!--初始化时获取三个连接，取值应在minPoolSize与maxPoolSize之间。Default: 3 -->
<property name="initialPoolSize" value="${initialPoolSize}"></property>
<!--连接池中保留的最小连接数。Default: 3 -->
<property name="minPoolSize" value="3"></property>
<!--连接池中保留的最大连接数。Default: 15 -->
<property name="maxPoolSize" value="${maxPoolSize}"></property>
<!--当连接池中的连接耗尽的时候c3p0一次同时获取的连接数。Default: 3 -->
<property name="acquireIncrement" value="3"></property>
<!--最大空闲时间，1800秒内未使用则连接被丢弃，若为0则永不丢弃。Default: 0 -->
<property name="maxIdleTime" value="1800"></property>
</bean>
jdbcUrl=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/SSH03?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8driverClass=com.mysql.jdbc.Driveruser=rootpassword=rootinitialPoolSize=10maxPoolSize=30
user=root
password=root
initialPoolSize=10
maxPoolSize=30
sessionFactory
<bean id="sessionFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean"> <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"></property> <property name="hibernateProperties"> <props> <prop key="hibernate.dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5Dialect</prop> <prop key="hibernate.show_sql">true</prop> <prop key="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto">update</prop> <prop key="javax.persistence.validation.mode">none</prop> </props> </property> <property name="mappingLocations"> <list> <value>classpath:zhongfucheng/test/entity/*.hbm.xml</value> </list> </property> </bean>
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"></property>
<property name="hibernateProperties">
<props>
<prop key="hibernate.dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5Dialect</prop>
<prop key="hibernate.show_sql">true</prop>
<prop key="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto">update</prop>
<prop key="javax.persistence.validation.mode">none</prop>
</props>
</property>
<property name="mappingLocations">
<list>
<value>classpath:zhongfucheng/test/entity/*.hbm.xml</value>
</list>
</property>
</bean>
测试Spring与Hibernate
package zhongfucheng.test.entity;/** * Created by ozc on 2017/5/22. */public class Person implements Serializable { private String id; private String username; public Person() { } public Person(String username) { this.username = username; } public String getId() { return id; } public void setId(String id) { this.id = id; } public String getUsername() { return username; } public void setUsername(String username) { this.username = username; }}
/**
* Created by ozc on 2017/5/22.
*/
public class Person implements Serializable {
private String id;
private String username;
public Person() {
}
public Person(String username) {
this.username = username;
}
public String getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(String id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getUsername() {
return username;
}
public void setUsername(String username) {
this.username = username;
}
}
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN""http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd"><hibernate-mapping> <class name="zhongfucheng.test.entity.Person" table="person"> <id name="id" type="java.lang.String"> <column name="id" length="32" /> <generator class="uuid.hex" /> </id> <property name="username" type="java.lang.String"> <column name="username" length="20" not-null="true" /> </property> </class></hibernate-mapping>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping>
<class name="zhongfucheng.test.entity.Person" table="person">
<id name="id" type="java.lang.String">
<column name="id" length="32" />
<generator class="uuid.hex" />
</id>
<property name="username" type="java.lang.String">
<column name="username" length="20" not-null="true" />
</property>
</class>
</hibernate-mapping>
@Test public void testHibernate() { SessionFactory factory = (SessionFactory) context.getBean("sessionFactory"); Session session = factory.openSession(); session.beginTransaction(); session.save(new Person("人员1")); session.getTransaction().commit(); session.close(); }
public void testHibernate() {
SessionFactory factory = (SessionFactory) context.getBean("sessionFactory");
Session session = factory.openSession();
session.beginTransaction();
session.save(new Person("人员1"));
session.getTransaction().commit();
session.close();
}
测试框架分层的整合(service与dao)
创建TestDao接口，创建TestDaoImpl实例，继承HibernateDaoSupport这个类【方便开发】，实现TestDao接口
public class TestDaoImpl extends HibernateDaoSupport implements TestDao { @Override public void save(Person person) { getHibernateTemplate().save(person); }}class TestDaoImpl extends HibernateDaoSupport implements TestDao {
@Override
public void save(Person person) {
getHibernateTemplate().save(person);
}
}
值得注意的是：继承了HibernateDaoSupport这个类，这个类是需要SessionFactory的，通过注解的方式给不了【给属性的话，属性只与TestDaoImpl相关，而HibernateDaoSupport的setFactory()被定义了final】，因此只能通过XML的方式来配置【XML配置TestDaoImpl，TestDaoImpl是拥有setFactory方法的，不能改写，但是能通过XML注入呀】
<bean id="testDaoImpl" class="zhongfucheng.test.dao.impl.TestDaoImpl"> <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory"></property> </bean>
<property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory"></property>
</bean>
@Servicepublic class TestServiceImpl implements zhongfucheng.test.service.TestService { @Autowired private TestDao testDaoImpl; @Override public void save(Person person) { testDaoImpl.save(person); }}
public class TestServiceImpl implements zhongfucheng.test.service.TestService {
@Autowired
private TestDao testDaoImpl;
@Override
public void save(Person person) {
testDaoImpl.save(person);
}
}
@Test public void testMVC() { TestService service = (TestService) context.getBean("testServiceImpl"); service.save(new Person("人员2")); }
public void testMVC() {
TestService service = (TestService) context.getBean("testServiceImpl");
service.save(new Person("人员2"));
}
测试Spring事务
在Spring的总配置文件下添加以下配置：
<bean id="txManager" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager"> <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" /> </bean> <tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="txManager"> <tx:attributes> <tx:method name="find*" read-only="true" /> <tx:method name="get*" read-only="true" /> <tx:method name="load*" read-only="true" /> <tx:method name="list*" read-only="true" /> <tx:method name="search*" read-only="true" /> <tx:method name="*" rollback-for="Throwable" /> </tx:attributes> </tx:advice> <aop:config> <aop:pointcut id="serviceOperation" expression="bean(*Service*)" /> <aop:advisor advice-ref="txAdvice" pointcut-ref="serviceOperation" /> </aop:config> <!-- 所有业务配置文件都要用到sessionFactory，那么这个就是专门来创建sessionFactory的，其他的业务配置文件指定parent就有了该属性 --> <!-- 所有业务dao的parent --> <bean id="baseDao" abstract="true"> <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory"></property> </bean>
<property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
</bean>
<tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="txManager">
<tx:attributes>
<tx:method name="find*" read-only="true" />
<tx:method name="get*" read-only="true" />
<tx:method name="load*" read-only="true" />
<tx:method name="list*" read-only="true" />
<tx:method name="search*" read-only="true" />
<tx:method name="*" rollback-for="Throwable" />
</tx:attributes>
</tx:advice>
<aop:config>
<aop:pointcut id="serviceOperation" expression="bean(*Service*)" />
<aop:advisor advice-ref="txAdvice" pointcut-ref="serviceOperation" />
</aop:config>
<!-- 所有业务配置文件都要用到sessionFactory，那么这个就是专门来创建sessionFactory的，其他的业务配置文件指定parent就有了该属性 -->
<!-- 所有业务dao的parent -->
<bean id="baseDao" abstract="true">
<property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory"></property>
</bean>
@Servicepublic class TestServiceImpl implements zhongfucheng.test.service.TestService { @Autowired private TestDao testDaoImpl; @Override public void save(Person person) { testDaoImpl.save(person); int i = 1 / 0; }}
public class TestServiceImpl implements zhongfucheng.test.service.TestService {
@Autowired
private TestDao testDaoImpl;
@Override
public void save(Person person) {
testDaoImpl.save(person);
int i = 1 / 0;
}
}
@Test public void testTx() { TestService service = (TestService) context.getBean("testServiceImpl"); service.save(new Person("人员3")); }
public void testTx() {
TestService service = (TestService) context.getBean("testServiceImpl");
service.save(new Person("人员3"));
}
配置log4j
我们发现，每当使用Junit测试的时候都出现了以下的红色信息，虽然对我们的功能没有任何影响：
它出现的原因是没有配置log4j，其实log4j对我们很有用。可以根据日志文件来找到对应的错误，我们在开发中也应该使用它。
要配置log4j，要导入jar包：com.springsource.org.apache.log4j-1.2.15.jar【在导入SSH的jar包中已经存在了】
配置log4j.properties
log4j.appender.stdout=org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppenderlog4j.appender.stdout.Target=System.outlog4j.appender.stdout.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayoutlog4j.appender.stdout.layout.ConversionPattern=%d{ABSOLUTE} %5p [%t] %c{1}:%L - %m%n#默认从warn开始log4j.rootLogger=warn, stdout, Rlog4j.logger.zhongfucheng=debuglog4j.appender.R=org.apache.log4j.DailyRollingFileAppender#R.File是把日志信息输出到哪里log4j.appender.R.File=D:/itcast/itcast.loglog4j.appender.R.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayoutlog4j.appender.R.layout.ConversionPattern=%d [%t] %5p %c - %m%n
log4j.appender.stdout.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.stdout.layout.ConversionPattern=%d{ABSOLUTE} %5p [%t] %c{1}:%L - %m%n
#默认从warn开始
log4j.rootLogger=warn, stdout, R
log4j.logger.zhongfucheng=debug
log4j.appender.R=org.apache.log4j.DailyRollingFileAppender
#R.File是把日志信息输出到哪里
log4j.appender.R.File=D:/itcast/itcast.log
log4j.appender.R.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.R.layout.ConversionPattern=%d [%t] %5p %c - %m%n
输出到硬盘的日志文件：
编写基类BaseDao
package zhongfucheng.core.dao;import java.io.Serializable;import java.util.List;public interface BaseDao<T> { //新增 public void save(T entity); //更新 public void update(T entity); //根据id删除 public void delete(Serializable id); //根据id查找 public T findObjectById(Serializable id); //查找列表 public List<T> findObjects();}
import java.io.Serializable;
import java.util.List;
public interface BaseDao<T> {
//新增
public void save(T entity);
//更新
public void update(T entity);
//根据id删除
public void delete(Serializable id);
//根据id查找
public T findObjectById(Serializable id);
//查找列表
public List<T> findObjects();
}
package zhongfucheng.core.dao.impl;import org.hibernate.Query;import org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.support.HibernateDaoSupport;import zhongfucheng.core.dao.BaseDao;import java.io.Serializable;import java.lang.reflect.ParameterizedType;import java.util.List;public abstract class BaseDaoImpl<T> extends HibernateDaoSupport implements BaseDao<T> { Class<T> clazz; public BaseDaoImpl(){ ParameterizedType pt = (ParameterizedType)this.getClass().getGenericSuperclass();//BaseDaoImpl<User> clazz = (Class<T>)pt.getActualTypeArguments()[0]; } @Override public void save(T entity) { getHibernateTemplate().save(entity); } @Override public void update(T entity) { getHibernateTemplate().update(entity); } @Override public void delete(Serializable id) { getHibernateTemplate().delete(findObjectById(id)); } @Override public T findObjectById(Serializable id) { return getHibernateTemplate().get(clazz, id); } @Override public List<T> findObjects() { Query query = getSession().createQuery("FROM " + clazz.getSimpleName()); return query.list(); }}
import org.hibernate.Query;
import org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.support.HibernateDaoSupport;
import zhongfucheng.core.dao.BaseDao;
import java.io.Serializable;
import java.lang.reflect.ParameterizedType;
import java.util.List;
public abstract class BaseDaoImpl<T> extends HibernateDaoSupport implements BaseDao<T> {
Class<T> clazz;
public BaseDaoImpl(){
ParameterizedType pt = (ParameterizedType)this.getClass().getGenericSuperclass();//BaseDaoImpl<User>
clazz = (Class<T>)pt.getActualTypeArguments()[0];
}
@Override
public void save(T entity) {
getHibernateTemplate().save(entity);
}
@Override
public void update(T entity) {
getHibernateTemplate().update(entity);
}
@Override
public void delete(Serializable id) {
getHibernateTemplate().delete(findObjectById(id));
}
@Override
public T findObjectById(Serializable id) {
return getHibernateTemplate().get(clazz, id);
}
@Override
public List<T> findObjects() {
Query query = getSession().createQuery("FROM " + clazz.getSimpleName());
return query.list();
}
}
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