SpringBoot自动配置原理是什么?
面试过程中问得最多的可能是自动装配的原理,而自动装配是在启动过程中完成,只不过在刚开始的时候我们选择性的跳过了,下面详细讲解自动装配的过程。
1、在springboot的启动过程中,有一个步骤是创建上下文,如果不记得可以看下面的代码:
public ConfigurableApplicationContext run(String... args) {
StopWatch stopWatch = new StopWatch();
stopWatch.start();
ConfigurableApplicationContext context = null;
Collection<SpringBootExceptionReporter> exceptionReporters = new ArrayList<>();
configureHeadlessProperty();
SpringApplicationRunListeners listeners = getRunListeners(args);
listeners.starting();
try {
ApplicationArguments applicationArguments = new DefaultApplicationArguments(args);
ConfigurableEnvironment environment = prepareEnvironment(listeners, applicationArguments);
configureIgnoreBeanInfo(environment);
Banner printedBanner = printBanner(environment);
context = createApplicationContext();
exceptionReporters = getSpringFactoriesInstances(SpringBootExceptionReporter.class,
new Class[] { ConfigurableApplicationContext.class }, context);
//此处完成自动装配的过程
prepareContext(context, environment, listeners, applicationArguments, printedBanner);
refreshContext(context);
afterRefresh(context, applicationArguments);
stopWatch.stop();
if (this.logStartupInfo) {
new StartupInfoLogger(this.mainApplicationClass).logStarted(getApplicationLog(), stopWatch);
}
listeners.started(context);
callRunners(context, applicationArguments);
}
catch (Throwable ex) {
handleRunFailure(context, ex, exceptionReporters, listeners);
throw new IllegalStateException(ex);
}
try {
listeners.running(context);
}
catch (Throwable ex) {
handleRunFailure(context, ex, exceptionReporters, null);
throw new IllegalStateException(ex);
}
return context;
}
2、在prepareContext方法中查找load方法,一层一层向内点击,找到最终的load方法
//prepareContext方法
private void prepareContext(ConfigurableApplicationContext context, ConfigurableEnvironment environment,
SpringApplicationRunListeners listeners, ApplicationArguments applicationArguments, Banner printedBanner) {
context.setEnvironment(environment);
postProcessApplicationContext(context);
applyInitializers(context);
listeners.contextPrepared(context);
if (this.logStartupInfo) {
logStartupInfo(context.getParent() == null);
logStartupProfileInfo(context);
}
// Add boot specific singleton beans
ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory = context.getBeanFactory();
beanFactory.registerSingleton("springApplicationArguments", applicationArguments);
if (printedBanner != null) {
beanFactory.registerSingleton("springBootBanner", printedBanner);
}
if (beanFactory instanceof DefaultListableBeanFactory) {
((DefaultListableBeanFactory) beanFactory)
.setAllowBeanDefinitionOverriding(this.allowBeanDefinitionOverriding);
}
if (this.lazyInitialization) {
context.addBeanFactoryPostProcessor(new LazyInitializationBeanFactoryPostProcessor());
}
// Load the sources
Set<Object> sources = getAllSources();
Assert.notEmpty(sources, "Sources must not be empty");
//load方法完成该功能
load(context, sources.toArray(new Object[0]));
listeners.contextLoaded(context);
}
/**
* Load beans into the application context.
* @param context the context to load beans into
* @param sources the sources to load
* 加载bean对象到context中
*/
protected void load(ApplicationContext context, Object[] sources) {
if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
logger.debug("Loading source " + StringUtils.arrayToCommaDelimitedString(sources));
}
//获取bean对象定义的加载器
BeanDefinitionLoader loader = createBeanDefinitionLoader(getBeanDefinitionRegistry(context), sources);
if (this.beanNameGenerator != null) {
loader.setBeanNameGenerator(this.beanNameGenerator);
}
if (this.resourceLoader != null) {
loader.setResourceLoader(this.resourceLoader);
}
if (this.environment != null) {
loader.setEnvironment(this.environment);
}
loader.load();
}
/**
* Load the sources into the reader.
* @return the number of loaded beans
*/
int load() {
int count = 0;
for (Object source : this.sources) {
count += load(source);
}
return count;
}
3、实际执行load的是BeanDefinitionLoader中的load方法,如下:
//实际记载bean的方法
private int load(Object source) {
Assert.notNull(source, "Source must not be null");
//如果是class类型,启用注解类型
if (source instanceof Class<?>) {
return load((Class<?>) source);
}
//如果是resource类型,启动xml解析
if (source instanceof Resource) {
return load((Resource) source);
}
//如果是package类型,启用扫描包,例如@ComponentScan
if (source instanceof Package) {
return load((Package) source);
}
//如果是字符串类型,直接加载
if (source instanceof CharSequence) {
return load((CharSequence) source);
}
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid source type " + source.getClass());
}
4、下面方法将用来判断是否资源的类型,是使用groovy加载还是使用注解的方式
private int load(Class<?> source) {
//判断使用groovy脚本
if (isGroovyPresent() && GroovyBeanDefinitionSource.class.isAssignableFrom(source)) {
// Any GroovyLoaders added in beans{} DSL can contribute beans here
GroovyBeanDefinitionSource loader = BeanUtils.instantiateClass(source, GroovyBeanDefinitionSource.class);
load(loader);
}
//使用注解加载
if (isComponent(source)) {
this.annotatedReader.register(source);
return 1;
}
return 0;
}
5、下面方法判断启动类中是否包含@Component注解,但是会神奇的发现我们的启动类中并没有该注解,继续更进发现MergedAnnotations类传入了一个参数
SearchStrategy.TYPE_HIERARCHY,会查找继承关系中是否包含这个注解,@SpringBootApplication-->@SpringBootConfiguration-->@Configuration-->@Component,当找到@Component注解之后,会把该对象注册到AnnotatedBeanDefinitionReader对象中
private boolean isComponent(Class<?> type) {
// This has to be a bit of a guess. The only way to be sure that this type is
// eligible is to make a bean definition out of it and try to instantiate it.
if (MergedAnnotations.from(type, SearchStrategy.TYPE_HIERARCHY).isPresent(Component.class)) {
return true;
}
// Nested anonymous clas