python BS4（上）

最新推荐文章于 2023-03-21 14:02:28 发布

Jaydenzuo

最新推荐文章于 2023-03-21 14:02:28 发布

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文章标签： python

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/Jaydenzuo/article/details/111832691

版权

本文介绍了Python的BeautifulSoup4库，用于从HTML或XML文件中提取数据。讲解了BeautifulSoup中的对象类型，如tag对象、NavigableString对象、bs4对象和comment对象，并详细阐述了遍历文档树的方法，包括遍历子节点、内容和父节点，以及遍历兄弟节点。同时，文章还介绍了如何通过find_all()和find()方法进行搜索树操作，包括各种过滤器的使用。

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bs4简介

概念 —— Beautiful soup 是一个可以从HTML或XML文件中提取数据的网页信息提取库
bs里面有3种情况，第一遍历，第二查找，第三修改
bs4使用文档 —— http://www.crummy.com/software/BeautifulSoup/bs4/doc/
用法：
1. from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
2. import bs4

对象种类：

类型	含义
tag	标签 —— 所有在<>内或在<>内且第一个空格前的字符串都是一个标签
NavigableString	可导航的字符串 —— 父类是字符串，可使用任何字符串的操作
BeautifulSoup	bs对象 —— 父类是tag，可使用tag的所有方法
Comment	注释 —— 注释内容：<!–内容–>

tag对象

form bs4 import BeautifulSoup
html_doc = """
<html><head><title>The Dormouse's story</title></head>
<body>
<p class="title"><b>The Dormouse's story</b></p>

<p class="story">Once upon a time there were three little sisters; and their names were
<a href="http://example.com/elsie" class="sister" id="link1">Elsie</a>,
<a href="http://example.com/lacie" class="sister" id="link2">Lacie</a> and
<a href="http://example.com/tillie" class="sister" id="link3">Tillie</a>;
and they lived at the bottom of a well.</p>

<p class="story">...</p>
"""
bs = BeautifulSoup(html_doc,features='lxml')
print(bs.head)				# <head><title>The Dormouse's story</title></head>
print(type(bs.head))		# <class 'bs4.element.Tag'>
print(bs.a)					# <a class="sister" href="http://example.com/elsie" id="link1">Elsie</a>
print(type(bs.a))			# <class 'bs4.element.Tag'>

NavigableString对象

form bs4 import BeautifulSoup
html_doc = """
<html><head><title>The Dormouse's story</title></head>
<body>
<p class="title"><b>The Dormouse's story</b></p>

<p class="story">Once upon a time there were three little sisters; and their names were
<a href="http://example.com/elsie" class="sister" id="link1">Elsie</a>,
<a href="http://example.com/lacie" class="sister" id="link2">Lacie</a> and
<a href="http://example.com/tillie" class="sister" id="link3">Tillie</a>;
and they lived at the bottom of a well.</p>

<p class="story">...</p>
"""
bs = BeautifulSoup(html_doc,features='lxml')
print(bs.a.string)				# Elsie
print(type(bs.a.string))		# <class 'bs4.element.NavigableString'>

bs4对象

form bs4 import BeautifulSoup
html_doc = """
<html><head><title>The Dormouse's story</title></head>
<body>
<p class="title"><b>The Dormouse's story</b></p>

<p class="story">Once upon a time there were three little sisters; and their names were
<a href="http://example.com/elsie" class="sister" id="link1">Elsie</a>,
<a href="http://example.com/lacie" class="sister" id="link2">Lacie</a> and
<a href="http://example.com/tillie" class="sister" id="link3">Tillie</a>;
and they lived at the bottom of a well.</p>

<p class="story">...</p>
"""
bs = BeautifulSoup(html_doc,features='lxml')
print(bs)						# 内容为html_doc全部内容
print(type(bs))					# <class 'bs4.BeautifulSoup'>