利用MySQL Replication搭建从库实现跨网远程访问

Jerry_Shang_0

已于 2023-03-01 09:42:49 修改

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分类专栏： MySQL 文章标签： mysql 数据库

于 2023-03-01 09:24:11 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/Jerry_Shang_0/article/details/129274510

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# MySQL主从：
## 这里使用一个本机[192.168.56.217]Docker容器的双实例MySQL实现
## 主库：192.168.56.217 ： 3338
## 从库：192.168.56.217 ： 3339
## 跨网访问跟这个的操作方法一样，只要保证双网段可以联通即可。

# 主库须打开binlog+配置serverid
## 查看对应配置文件内的 server-id 和 log-bin参数（没有就添加进去，注意主从两台MySQL的server-id必须不一样）
server-id=3339
log-bin=/var/lib/mysql/mysql-bin

# 重启MySQL使配置生效后，进入主库配置
[root@localhost etc]# mysql -uroot -poracle -h 127.0.0.1 -P 3338
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.7.40-43-log Percona Server (GPL), Release 43, Revision c1b94a6cfd7

Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
# 在主库内建立复制用户（从库就是利用这个用户连接主库进行数据复制的）
MySQL [(none)]> GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* to 'usermgr'@'%' identified by 'usermgr';
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
# 查看当前日志文件名称与执行位置
MySQL [(none)]> show master status;
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| File             | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| mysql-bin.000008 |      472 |              |                  |                   |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

# 将主库还原至从库位置（可以把主库停掉，然后全文件拷贝过去；如果不能停机就是用xtrabackup进行热备后在从库还原）
## 修改从库配置，从库server_id不能跟主库一样
## 删除data目录下的auto.cnf文件， 去除相同的UUID
## 重启MySQL使配置生效
## 备库直接指向主库（不同网段就指向对应的IP地址和端口），并启动同步
MySQL [(none)]> change master to master_host='192.168.56.217',MASTER_PORT=3338,master_user='usermgr',master_password='usermgr',master_log_file='mysql-bin.000008',master_log_pos=472;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.01 sec)

MySQL [(none)]> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)


# 查看同步状态,注意观察到这句话就说明同步完成了“Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for more updates”
MySQL [(none)]> show slave status\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
               Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
                  Master_Host: 192.168.56.217
                  Master_User: usermgr
                  Master_Port: 3338
                Connect_Retry: 60
              Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000008
          Read_Master_Log_Pos: 472
               Relay_Log_File: 30a5d1cf7cb1-relay-bin.000002
                Relay_Log_Pos: 360
        Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000008
             Slave_IO_Running: Yes
            Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
              Replicate_Do_DB: 
          Replicate_Ignore_DB: 
           Replicate_Do_Table: 
       Replicate_Ignore_Table: 
      Replicate_Wild_Do_Table: 
  Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table: 
                   Last_Errno: 0
                   Last_Error: 
                 Skip_Counter: 0
          Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 472
              Relay_Log_Space: 614
              Until_Condition: None
               Until_Log_File: 
                Until_Log_Pos: 0
           Master_SSL_Allowed: No
           Master_SSL_CA_File: 
           Master_SSL_CA_Path: 
              Master_SSL_Cert: 
            Master_SSL_Cipher: 
               Master_SSL_Key: 
        Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
                Last_IO_Errno: 0
                Last_IO_Error: 
               Last_SQL_Errno: 0
               Last_SQL_Error: 
  Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids: 
             Master_Server_Id: 1
                  Master_UUID: abc4887f-b416-11ed-8456-0242ac110003
             Master_Info_File: /var/lib/mysql/master.info
                    SQL_Delay: 0
          SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
      Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for more updates
           Master_Retry_Count: 86400
                  Master_Bind: 
      Last_IO_Error_Timestamp: 
     Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp: 
               Master_SSL_Crl: 
           Master_SSL_Crlpath: 
           Retrieved_Gtid_Set: 
            Executed_Gtid_Set: 
                Auto_Position: 0
         Replicate_Rewrite_DB: 
                 Channel_Name: 
           Master_TLS_Version: 
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

ERROR: No query specified

MySQL [(none)]> 


# 最后进行查询访问测试
# 在从库上建一个只读用户，给到应用进行访问。