网络编程
计算机网络
计算机网络是指将地理位置不同的具有独立功能的多台计算机及其外部设备,通过通信协议的管理和协调下,实现资源共享和信息传递的计算机系统。
javaWeb:网页编程 B/S架构
网络编程:TCP/IP C/S架构
网络编程的目的
无线电台。。。传播交流信息,数据交换。。通信
想要达到这个效果需要什么:
-
如何准确的定位网络上的一台主机 (通过介个:192.168.12.123:端口)
定位到这个计算机上的某个资源
-
找到了这个主机,如何传输数据呢?
网络通信的要素
如何实现网络的通信?
通信双方的地址:
- ip
- 端口号
- 192.168.1.2:5700
规则:网络通信的协议
- http、ftp、smtp、tcp、udp. OSI七层网络模型,
- TCP/IP参考模型;
小结
-
网络编程中有两个主要的问题:
- 如何准确的定位到网络上的一台或者多台主机。
- 找到主机之后如何。
-
网络编程中的要素
- IP和端口号 IP
- 网络通信写协议 udp,tcp
-
万物皆对象
IP
ip地址:InetAddress
-
唯一定位一台网络上计算机
-
127.0.0.1:本机 localhost
-
ip地址的分类
-
ipv4 / ipv6
-
IPV4:127.0.0.1 4个字节组成,0~255 长,42亿个
30亿在北美,亚洲14亿,2011年就用完了。
-
IPV6:abb0:46sd:15sd:45nj:4698%12,128位
8个无符号整数! abcde
- 2021:ab10:aced:0000:0000:0151:3abc:4abc
-
-
公网(互联网)—私网(局域网)
- 192.168.xx.xx 局,专门给组织内部使用的
- ABCD类地址
-
-
域名:记忆ip问题!
- IP:www.vip.com
package com.jia.lesson01;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;
//测试IP
public class TestInetAddress {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
//查询本机地址
InetAddress inetAddress1 = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
System.out.println(inetAddress1);
InetAddress inetAddress3 = InetAddress.getByName("localhost");
System.out.println(inetAddress3);
InetAddress inetAddress4 = InetAddress.getLocalHost();
System.out.println(inetAddress4);
//查询网站ip地址
InetAddress inetAddress2 = InetAddress.getByName("www.baidu.com");
System.out.println(inetAddress2);
//常用方法
//可以不记 System.out.println(inetAddress2.getAddress());
System.out.println(inetAddress2.getCanonicalHostName());//规范的名字
System.out.println(inetAddress2.getHostAddress());//ip
inetAddress2.getHostName();//域名,或者自己电脑的名字
} catch (UnknownHostException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
端口port
端口表示计算机上的一个程序的进程
-
不同的进程有不同的端口号!用来区分软件!
-
规定 0-65535
-
TCP,UDP:每个65535 如果tcp:80 ,udp能:80吗? 不可以的 因为单协议下,端口号不能冲突。
-
端口分类
-
公有端口 0-1023 计量别用,一般是给内置服务器用的
- HTTP:80
- HTTPS:443
- FTP:21 远程22
- Telent:23
-
程序注册端口:1024-49151 ,分配给用户或程序
- Tomcat 8080
- MySQL:3306
- Orcal:1521
-
动态,私有:49151-65535 尽量别用
netstat -ano (在cmd查看所有的端口)
netstat -ano|findstr"63901" 查看指定的端口
tasklist|findstr"19520" 查看指定端口的进程
-
package com.jia.lesson01;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
//
public class TestInetSocketAddress {
public static void main(String[] args) {
InetSocketAddress socketAddress = new InetSocketAddress("127.0.0.1", 8080);
InetSocketAddress socketAddress2 = new InetSocketAddress("localhost", 8080);
System.out.println(socketAddress);
System.out.println(socketAddress2);
System.out.println(socketAddress.getAddress());
System.out.println(socketAddress.getHostName());//hosts
System.out.println(socketAddress.getPort());
}
}
通信协议
协议:就像一个约定,例如我们都在讲普通话。
**网络通信协议:**速率、传输码率、代码结构、传输控制
**问题:**非常复杂?
大事化小,分层!
**TCP/IP协议簇:**实际上是一组协议
-
重要:
- TCP:用户传输协议
- UDP:用户数据协议
-
出名的协议:
- TCP:
- IP:网络互连协议
-
TCP和UDP对比
-
TCP:好比打电话
-
连接的,稳定的
-
三次握手,四次挥手
-
A:你吃啥?B:吃泡面。A:给我来一口!
最少需要三次,保证稳定连接!
-
A:我去吃饭了。B:我知道了。B:你已经去吃了么。A:我真的去吃了!
-
-
客户端、服务端
-
传输完成,释放连接,效率低
-
-
UDP:好比发短信
- 不连接、不稳定
- 客户端、服务端
- 不管有没有准备好,都可以发给你
- 像是”喀秋莎“导弹,我打你不需要知道你在不在那个地儿,我就直接往那儿打。
- DDOS:洪水攻击!(饱和攻击) 就是这样子的!
-
TCP实现聊天
客户端
- 连接服务器 socket
- 发送消息
package com.jia.lesson02;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.Socket;
//客户端
public class TcpClientDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Socket socket = null;
OutputStream os = null;
try {
//1.要知道服务器的地址,端口号
InetAddress serverIP = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
int port = 999;
//2.创建一个socket连接
socket = new Socket(serverIP,port);
//3.发送消息 IO流
os = socket.getOutputStream();
os.write("你好,欢迎观看佳佳爱吃鱼写的东西!".getBytes());
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
if (socket!=null){
try {
socket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (os!=null){
try {
os.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}
服务器
- 建立服务的端口 ServerSocket
- 等待用户的连接 accept
- 接收用户的消息
package com.jia.lesson02;
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
//服务端
public class TcpServerDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ServerSocket serverSocket = null;
Socket accept = null;
InputStream is = null;
ByteArrayOutputStream baos = null;
try {
//1.我得有一个地址
serverSocket = new ServerSocket(999);
while(true) {//2.等待客户端连接过来
accept = serverSocket.accept();
//3.读取客户端的消息
is = accept.getInputStream();
/*
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024]
int len;
while((len=is.read(buffer))!=-1){
String msg = new String(buffer,0,len);
System.out.println(msg);
}
*/
//管道流
baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len = is.read(buffer)) != -1) {
baos.write(buffer, 0, len);
}
System.out.println(baos.toString());
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
//关闭资源
if (baos!=null){
try {
baos.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (is!=null){
try {
is.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (accept!=null){
try {
accept.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (serverSocket!=null){
try {
serverSocket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}
TCP文件上传实现
package com.jia.lesson02;
import java.io.*;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.Socket;
public class TcpClientDemo02 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//1.创建一个Socket连接
Socket socket = new Socket(InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"), 666);
//2.创建一个输出流
OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
//3.文件流 读取文件
FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(new File("050.jpg"));
//4.写出文件
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while((len=fis.read(buffer))!=-1){
os.write(buffer,0,len);
}
//通知服务器,我已经结束了
socket.shutdownOutput();//我已经传输完了!
//确定服务器接收完毕,才能够断开连接
InputStream inputStream = socket.getInputStream();
//String byte[]
ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
byte[] buffer2 = new byte[1024];
int len2;
while ((len2=inputStream.read(buffer2))!=-1){
baos.write(buffer2,0,len2);
}
//5.关闭资源
baos.close();
inputStream.close();
fis.close();
os.close();
socket.close();
}
}
package com.jia.lesson02;
import java.io.*;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
public class TcpServerDemo02 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//1.创建服务
ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(666);
//2.监听客户端的连接
Socket accept = serverSocket.accept();//阻塞式监听,会一直等待客户端连接
//3.获取输入流
InputStream is = accept.getInputStream();
//4.文件输出
FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(new File("receive.jpg"));
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len=is.read(buffer))!=+1){
fos.write(buffer,0,len);
}
//通知客户端我接收完毕了
OutputStream os = accept.getOutputStream();
os.write("接收完毕,可以断开了".getBytes());
//关闭资源
fos.close();
is.close();
accept.close();
serverSocket.close();
}
}
初识Tomcat
服务端
- 自定义 S
- Tomcat服务端 S :Java后台开发!(多用别人的,也可以自己开发)
客户端
- 自定义 C
- 浏览器 B
UDP消息发送
-
发短信:不用连接,需要知道对方的地址!
-
发送好消息:
package com.jia.lesson03; import java.net.DatagramPacket; import java.net.DatagramSocket; import java.net.InetAddress; //不需要连接服务器 public class UdpClientDemo01 { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { //1.建立一个Socket DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(); //2.建个包 String msg = "你好,服务器!"; //发送给谁 InetAddress localhost = InetAddress.getByName("localhost"); int port = 3080; //数据,数据的长度起始,要发送给谁 DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(msg.getBytes(), 0, msg.getBytes().length, localhost, port); //3.发送包 socket.send(packet); //4.关闭流 socket.close(); } }
-
接收端:
package com.jia.lesson03; import java.net.DatagramPacket; import java.net.DatagramSocket; //还是要等待客户端的链接! public class UdpServerDemo01 { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { //开放端口 DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(3080); //接收数据包 byte[] buffer = new byte[1024]; DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(buffer, 0, buffer.length);//接收 socket.receive(packet);//阻塞接收 System.out.println(packet.getAddress().getHostAddress()); System.out.println(new String(packet.getData(),0, packet.getLength())); //关闭连接 socket.close(); } }
-
在线咨询:两个都可以是发送方,也都可以是接收方!
package com.jia.chat; import java.net.DatagramPacket; import java.net.DatagramSocket; public class UdpReceiveDemo01 { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(5555); while(true){ //准备接收包裹 byte[] container = new byte[1024]; DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(container,0,container.length); socket.receive(packet);//阻塞式接收包裹 //断开连接 bye byte[] data = packet.getData(); String receiveData = new String(data, 0, packet.getLength()); System.out.println(receiveData.trim()); if (receiveData.equals("bye")){ break; } } socket.close(); } }
package com.jia.chat; import java.io.BufferedReader; import java.io.InputStreamReader; import java.net.DatagramPacket; import java.net.DatagramSocket; import java.net.InetSocketAddress; public class UdpSenderDemo01 { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(6666); //准备数据:控制台读取System.in BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in)); while (true){ String data = reader.readLine(); byte[] datas = data.getBytes(); DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(datas,0,datas.length,new InetSocketAddress("localhost",5555)); socket.send(packet); if (data.equals("bye")){ break; } } socket.close(); } }
UDP多线程在线咨询
package com.jia.chat; import java.io.IOException; import java.net.DatagramPacket; import java.net.DatagramSocket; import java.net.SocketException; public class TalkReceive implements Runnable{ DatagramSocket socket = null; private int port; private String msgFrom; public TalkReceive(int port,String msgFrom) { this.port = port; this.msgFrom = msgFrom; try { socket = new DatagramSocket(port); } catch (SocketException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } @Override public void run() { while(true){ try { //准备接收包裹 byte[] container = new byte[1024]; DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(container,0,container.length); socket.receive(packet);//阻塞式接收包裹 //断开连接 bye byte[] data = packet.getData(); String receiveData = new String(data, 0, packet.getLength()); System.out.println(msgFrom+":"+receiveData.trim()); if (receiveData.equals("bye")){ break; } } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } socket.close(); } }
package com.jia.chat; import java.io.BufferedReader; import java.io.InputStreamReader; import java.net.DatagramPacket; import java.net.DatagramSocket; import java.net.InetSocketAddress; import java.net.SocketException; public class TalkSend implements Runnable{ DatagramSocket socket = null; BufferedReader reader = null; private int fromPort; private String toIP; private int toPort; public TalkSend(int fromPort, String toIP, int toPort) { this.fromPort = fromPort; this.toIP = toIP; this.toPort = toPort; try { socket = new DatagramSocket(fromPort); reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in)); } catch (SocketException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } @Override public void run() { while (true){ try{ String data = reader.readLine(); byte[] datas = data.getBytes(); DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(datas,0,datas.length,new InetSocketAddress(this.toIP,this.toPort)); socket.send(packet); if (data.equals("bye")){ break; } }catch (Exception e){ e.printStackTrace(); } } socket.close(); } }
package com.jia.chat; public class TalkStudent { public static void main(String[] args) { //开启两个线程 new Thread(new TalkSend(7777,"localhost",9999)).start(); new Thread(new TalkReceive(8888,"老师")).start(); } }
package com.jia.chat; public class TalkTeacher { public static void main(String[] args) { new Thread(new TalkSend(5555,"localhost",8888)).start(); new Thread(new TalkReceive(9999,"学生")).start(); } }
URL下载网络资源
https://www.baidu.com/
统一资源定位符:定位资源的,定位互联网上的某一个资源
协议://ip地址:端口号/项目名/资源
DNS域名解析 www.Baidu.com 解为:xxx.x.x…x
package com.jia.lesson04; import java.net.URL; public class URLDemo01 { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { URL url = new URL("http://localhost:8080/helloworld/index.jsp?username=jiajia&password=123"); System.out.println(url.getProtocol());//协议 System.out.println(url.getHost());//主机ip System.out.println(url.getPort());//端口 System.out.println(url.getPath());//文件 System.out.println(url.getFile());//全路径 System.out.println(url.getQuery());//参数 } }
package com.jia.lesson04; import java.io.FileOutputStream; import java.io.InputStream; import java.net.HttpURLConnection; import java.net.URL; public class URLDown { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { //1.下载地址 URL url = new URL("http://p3.music.126.net/tBTNafgjNnTL1KlZMt7lVA==/18885211718935735.jpg"); //2.连接到这个资源 HTTP HttpURLConnection urlConnection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection(); InputStream inputStream = urlConnection.getInputStream(); FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream("18885211718935735.jpg"); byte[] buffer = new byte[1024]; int len; while((len=inputStream.read(buffer))!=-1){ fos.write(buffer,0,len);//写出这个数据 } fos.close(); inputStream.close(); urlConnection.disconnect();//断开连接 } }