springboot发送邮箱、设置图片验证码

引言

发送邮件依赖于JavaMailSender类的send()方法来实现。

SimpleMailMessage：封装简单邮件的Bean。

MimeMessage：封装复杂邮件的Bean，但其设置邮件的属性则需要依赖于MimeMessageHelper类的辅助。

1、发送简单邮箱（不含图片、附件等，就纯文本）

导入依赖项：

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-mail</artifactId>
</dependency>

配置application.properties文件

spring.mail.username=test@qq.com    //你的邮箱
spring.mail.password=xxx            //授权码
spring.mail.host=smtp.qq.com        //邮箱的服务器

实现代码

package com.example.practice;

import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.mail.SimpleMailMessage;
import org.springframework.mail.javamail.JavaMailSender;

@SpringBootTest
public class test {
    @Autowired
    private JavaMailSender sender;
    
    private String subject = "这是标题";    
    private String text = "这是内容";
    private String to = "test@qq.com";      //发给谁
    private String from = "test@qq.com";    //谁发的

    @Test
    public void test_demo(){
        SimpleMailMessage mail = new SimpleMailMessage();

        mail.setSubject(subject);
        mail.setText(text);
        mail.setTo(to);
        mail.setFrom(from);

        sender.send(mail);
        System.out.println("发送成功");
    }
}

2、发送复杂邮件（含图片、附件）

package com.example.practice;

import jakarta.mail.MessagingException;
import jakarta.mail.internet.MimeMessage;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.mail.javamail.JavaMailSender;
import org.springframework.mail.javamail.MimeMessageHelper;

import java.io.File;

@SpringBootTest
public class test {
    @Autowired
    private JavaMailSender sender;

    private String subject = "这是标题";
    private String text = "这是内容";
    private String to = "test@qq.com";      //发给谁
    private String from = "test@qq.com";    //谁发的


    @Test
    public void test_demo_2() throws MessagingException {
        MimeMessage mail = sender.createMimeMessage();
        //第二个true代表开启multiplat
        MimeMessageHelper helper = new MimeMessageHelper(mail, true);

        //使用io流引入文件
        File file = new File("D://1.txt");   

        helper.setSubject(subject);
        //开启html解析标签，让<img />html标签可以得到解析
        helper.setText(text + "<img src='https://img-s-msn-com.akamaized.net/tenant/amp/entityid/BB1jCBFx.img?w=768&h=486&m=6&x=667&y=132&s=230&d=230' />",true);
        helper.setTo(to);
        helper.setFrom(from);
        //addAttachment用于发送附件
        helper.addAttachment(file.getName(),file);
        
        //发送邮件
        sender.send(mail);
        System.out.println("发送成功");
    }
}

3、图片验证的实现

引入hutool工具包和redis（用于暂时存储图片验证码）

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-redis</artifactId>
</dependency>

<dependency>
    <groupId>cn.hutool</groupId>
    <artifactId>hutool-all</artifactId>
    <version>5.8.26</version>
</dependency>

编写代码

@RestController
@RequestMapping("captcha")
@CrossOrigin
public class CaptchaController {
    @Autowired
    private RedisTemplate redisTemplate;

    @GetMapping
    public Result makeCaptcha() {
        //创建一个图形验证码图片
        LineCaptcha lineCaptcha = CaptchaUtil.createLineCaptcha(130, 60, 4, 4);
        //获取验证码
        String code = lineCaptcha.getCode();
        //使用redisTemplate把code的值存入redis数据库
        redisTemplate.opsForValue().set("code", code);
        //设置元素的存活时间，为300秒
        redisTemplate.expire("code",300, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
        //打印一下code
        System.out.println("code = " + code);
        //转Base64编码用于网络传输
        String imageBase64Data = lineCaptcha.getImageBase64Data();
        //返回给前端
        return new Result("200","成功" , imageBase64Data);
    }
}

前端使用axios请求该图片

<template>
    <div>
        <div><el-input v-model="captcha" style="width: 240px" placeholder="验证码" /></div>
        <div><img :src="captchaSRC" @click="load"></div>
    </div>
</template>

<script setup>
    import { ref } from "vue";
    import axios from "axios"

    const captcha = ref('');
    let captchaSRC = ref('');

    function getCaptchaSRC(){
        axios.get('http://localhost:7777/captcha').then(res => {
            if(res.data.code === '200'){
                //后端传过来的一个Base64的编码，浏览器可以解析出来还原成图片形式
                captchaSRC.value = res.data.data;
            }
        })
    }
    //调用方法，加载图片
    getCaptchaSRC();
    //定义load函数，点击图片即更新图片
    const load = () => {
        axios.get('http://localhost:7777/captcha').then(res => {
            if(res.data.code === '200'){
                captchaSRC.value = res.data.data;
            }
        })
    }
</script>