Python项目-----外星人大战

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于 2023-01-04 19:03:50 发布

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Python项目-----外星人大战

alien_invasion.py

import sys
from time import sleep
import pygame
from settings import Settings
from ship import Ship
from bullet import Bullet
from alien import Alien
from game_stats import GameStats
from button import Button
from scoreboard import Scoreboard
class AlienInvasion:
    """管理游戏资源和行为的类"""
    def __init__(self):
        """初始化游戏并创建游戏资源"""
        pygame.init()
        self.settings = Settings()
        self.screen = pygame.display.set_mode((self.settings.screen_width,self.settings.screen_height))
        pygame.display.set_caption("Alien Invasion")
        #创建一个用于存储游戏统计信息的实例
        self.stats = GameStats(self)
        self.sb = Scoreboard(self)
        #全屏
        # self.screen = pygame.display.set_mode((0,0),pygame.FULLSCREEN)
        # self.settings.screen_width = self.screen.get_rect().width
        # self.settings.screen_height = self.screen.get_rect().height

        self.ship = Ship(self)#sef代表传入的是当前AlienInvasion的实例
        self.bullets = pygame.sprite.Group()
        self.aliens = pygame.sprite.Group()
        self._create_fleet()

        #创建Play按钮
        self.play_button = Button(self,"Play")


    def run_game(self):
        """开始游戏的主循环"""
        while True:
                self._check_events()
                self.ship.update()
                self._update_bullets()
                self._update_aliens()
                self._update_screen()


    def _update_aliens(self):
        """更新外星人群中所有外星人的位置"""
        #检查是否有外星人位于屏幕边缘，并更新整群外星人的位置
        self._check_fleet_edges()
        self.aliens.update()
        #检测外星人和飞船之间的碰撞
        if pygame.sprite.spritecollideany(self.ship,self.aliens):
            self._ship_hit()
        #检查是否有外星人到达了屏幕底端
        self._check_aliens_bottom()

    def _create_fleet(self):
        """创建外星人群"""
        #创建一个外星人并计算一行可容纳多少个外星人
        #外星人的间距为外星人宽度
        alien = Alien(self)
        alien_width,alien_height = alien.rect.size
        alien_width = alien.rect.width
        available_space_x = self.settings.screen_width - (2*alien_width)
        number_aliens_x = available_space_x // (2*alien_width)
        #计算屏幕可容纳多少行外星人
        ship_height = self.ship.rect.height
        available_space_y = (self.settings.screen_height - (3*alien_height)-ship_height)
        numbers_row = available_space_y//(2*alien_height)
        #创建外星人群
        for row_number in range(numbers_row):
            for alien_number in range(number_aliens_x):
                self._creat_alien(alien_number,row_number)

    def _creat_alien(self,alien_number,row_number):
        # 创建一个外星人并将其加入当前行
        alien = Alien(self)
        alien_width,alien_height = alien.rect.size
        alien.x = alien_width + 2 * alien_width * alien_number
        alien.rect.x = alien.x
        alien.rect.y = alien.rect.height + 2*alien.rect.height * row_number
        self.aliens.add(alien)

    def _check_events(self):
        """响应按键和鼠标事件"""
        for event in pygame.event.get():
            if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
                sys.exit()
            elif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
                self._check_keydown_event(event)
            elif event.type == pygame.KEYUP:
                self._check_keyup_event(event)
            elif event.type == pygame.MOUSEBUTTONDOWN:
                mouse_pos = pygame.mouse.get_pos()
                self._check_play_button(mouse_pos)

    def _check_keydown_event(self,event):
        """响应按键"""
        if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:
            self.ship.moving_right = True
        elif event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:
            self.ship.moving_left = True
        elif event.key == pygame.K_q:
            sys.exit()
        elif event.key == pygame.K_SPACE:
            self._fire_bullet_()

    def _check_keyup_event(self, event):
        """响应松开"""
        if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:
            self.ship.moving_right = False
        elif event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:
            self.ship.moving_left = False

    def _fire_bullet_(self):
        """创建一颗子弹，并将其加入编组中bullets中"""
        if len(self.bullets) <self.settings.bullet_allowed:
            new_bullet = Bullet(self)
            self.bullets.add(new_bullet)

    def _update_bullets(self):
        """更新子弹的位置并删除消失的子弹"""
        self.bullets.update()
        for bullet in self.bullets.copy():
            if bullet.rect.bottom <= 0:
                self.bullets.remove(bullet)
        self._check_bullet_alien_collisions()

    def _check_bullet_alien_collisions(self):
        """响应子弹和外星人碰撞"""
        # 剔除发生碰撞的子弹和外星人
        collisions = pygame.sprite.groupcollide(self.bullets, self.aliens, True, True)
        if collisions:
            for aliens in collisions.values():
                self.stats.score += self.settings.alien_points
                self.sb.prep_score()
                self.sb.check_high_score()
        if not self.aliens:
            #删除现有的子弹并创建一群新的外星人
            self.bullets.empty()
            self._create_fleet()
            self.settings.increase_speed()

            #提高等级
            self.stats.level += 1
            self.sb.prep_level()



    def _check_fleet_edges(self):
        """有外星人到达边缘时采取相应的措施"""
        for alien in self.aliens.sprites():
            if alien.check_edges():
                self._change_fleet_direction()
                break
    def _change_fleet_direction(self):
        """将整群外星人下移,并改变它们的方向"""
        for alien in self.aliens.sprites():
            alien.rect.y += self.settings.fleet_drop_speed
        self.settings.fleet_direction *= -1
    def _update_screen(self):
        """更新屏幕上的图像，并切换到新屏幕"""
        self.screen.fill(self.settings.bg_color)
        self.ship.blitme()
        for bullet in self.bullets.sprites():
            bullet.draw_bullet()
        self.aliens.draw(self.screen)

        #显示得分
        self.sb.show_score()
        #如果游戏处于非活动状态，就绘制Play按钮
        if not self.stats.game_active:
            self.play_button.draw_button()

        pygame.display.flip()

    def _ship_hit(self):
        """响应飞船被外星人撞到"""
        if self.stats.ships_left > 0:

            #将ships_left减1
            self.stats.ships_left -= 1
            self.sb.prep_ships()
            #清空余下的外星人和子弹
            self.aliens.empty()
            self.bullets.empty()

            #创建一群新的外星人，并将飞船放到屏幕底端的中央
            self._create_fleet()
            self.ship.center_ship()

            #暂停
            sleep(0.5)

        else:
            self.stats.game_active = False
            pygame.mouse.set_visible(True)

    def _check_play_button(self,mouse_pos):
        """在玩家单机Play按钮时开始新游戏"""
        button_clicked  = self.play_button.rect.collidepoint(mouse_pos)
        if button_clicked and not self.stats.game_active:
                #重置游戏设置
                self.settings.initilize_dynamic_settings()
                self.stats.reset_stats()
                self.stats.game_active = True
                self.sb.prep_score()
                self.sb.prep_level()
                self.sb.prep_ships()
                #清空余下的外星人和子弹
                self.aliens.empty()
                self.bullets.empty()

                #创建一群新的外星人，并让飞船居中
                self._create_fleet()
                self.ship.center_ship()

                #隐藏鼠标光标
                pygame.mouse.set_visible(False)

    def _check_aliens_bottom(self):
        """检查是否有外星人到达了屏幕底端"""
        screen_rect = self.screen.get_rect()
        for alien in self.aliens.sprites():
            if alien.rect.bottom >= screen_rect.bottom:
                    #像飞船被撞到一样处理
                    self._ship_hit()
                    break
if __name__ == '__main__':
    #创建游戏实例并运行游戏
    ai = AlienInvasion()
    ai.run_game()

alien.py

import pygame
from pygame.sprite import Sprite
class Alien(Sprite):
    """表示单个外星人类"""
    def __init__(self,ai_game):
        """初始化外星人并设置其起始位置"""
        super().__init__()
        self.screen = ai_game.screen
        self.settings = ai_game.settings
        #加载外星人图像并设置其rect属性
        self.image = pygame.image.load('images/alien.bmp')
        self.rect = self.image.get_rect()

        #每个外星人最初都在屏幕左上角附近
        self.rect.x = self.rect.width
        self.rect.y = self.rect.height

        #存储外星人的精确水平位置
        self.x = float(self.rect.x)

    def update(self):
        """向左或者右移动外星人"""
        self.x += (self.settings.alien_speed * self.settings.fleet_direction)
        self.rect.x = self.x


    def check_edges(self):
        """如果外星人位于屏幕边缘，就返回True"""
        screen_rect = self.screen.get_rect()
        if self.rect.right >= screen_rect.right or self.rect.left<=0:
            return True

bullet.py

import pygame
from pygame.sprite import Sprite

class Bullet(Sprite):
    """管理飞船所发射的子弹的类"""

    def __init__(self,ai_game):
        """在飞船当前位置创建一个子弹的对象"""
        super().__init__()
        self.screen = ai_game.screen
        self.settings = ai_game.settings
        self.color = self.settings.bullet_color

        #在(0,0)处创建一个表示子弹的矩形，再设置正确的位置
        self.rect = pygame.Rect(0,0,self.settings.bullet_width,self.settings.bullet_height)
        self.rect.midtop = ai_game.ship.rect.midtop

        #存储用小数表示的子弹位置
        self.y = float(self.rect.y)

    def update(self):
        """向上移动子弹"""
        # 更新表示子弹位置的小数值
        self.y -= self.settings.bullet_speed
        # 更新表示子弹的rect的位置
        self.rect.y = self.y

    def draw_bullet(self):
        """在屏幕上绘制子弹"""
        pygame.draw.rect(self.screen, self.color,self.rect)

button.py

import pygame.font

class Button:
    def __init__(self,ai_game,msg):
        """初始化按钮的属性"""
        self.screen = ai_game.screen
        self.screen_rect = self.screen.get_rect()

        #设置按钮的尺寸和其他属性
        self.width,self.height = 200,50
        self.button_color = (0,255,0)
        self.text_color = (255,255,255)
        self.font = pygame.font.SysFont(None,48)

        #创建按钮的rect对象，并使其居中
        self.rect = pygame.Rect(0,0,self.width,self.height)
        self.rect.center = self.screen_rect.center

        #按钮的标签只需创建一次
        self._prep_msg(msg)


    def _prep_msg(self,msg):
        """将msg渲染为图像，并使其在按钮上居中"""
        self.msg_image = self.font.render(msg,True,self.text_color,self.button_color)
        self.msg_image_rect = self.msg_image.get_rect()
        self.msg_image_rect.center = self.rect.center


    def draw_button(self):
        #绘制一个用颜色填充的按钮，再绘制文本
        self.screen.fill(self.button_color,self.rect)
        self.screen.blit(self.msg_image,self.msg_image_rect)

game_stats.py


class GameStats:
    """跟踪游戏的统计信息"""

    def __init__(self,ai_game):
        """初始化统计信息"""
        self.settings = ai_game.settings
        self.reset_stats()

        #游戏启动时活动状态
        self.game_active = False
        #任何情况下都不应置最高得分
        self.high_score = 0

    def reset_stats(self):
        """初始化在游戏运行期间可能变化的统计信息"""
        self.ships_left = self.settings.ship_limit
        self.score = 0
        self.level = 1

scoreboard.py

import pygame.font
from pygame.sprite import Group
from ship import Ship
class Scoreboard:
    """显示得分信息"""
    def __init__(self,ai_game):
        """初始化显示得分涉及的属性"""
        self.ai_game = ai_game
        self.screen = ai_game.screen
        self.screen_rect = self.screen.get_rect()
        self.settings = ai_game.settings
        self.stats = ai_game.stats

        #显示得分信息时使用的字体设置
        self.text_color = (30,30,30)
        self.font = pygame.font.SysFont(None,48)

        #准备初始得分图像
        self.prep_score()
        self.prep_high_score()
        self.prep_level()
        self.prep_ships()


    def prep_score(self):
        """将得分转换为一幅渲染的图像"""
        rounded_score = round(self.stats.score,-1)
        score_str = "{:,}".format(rounded_score)
        self.score_image = self.font.render(score_str,True,self.text_color,self.settings.bg_color)

        #在屏幕右上角显示得分
        self.score_rect = self.score_image.get_rect()
        self.score_rect.right = self.screen_rect.right - 20
        self.score_rect.top = 20

    def prep_high_score(self):
        """将最高得分转换为渲染的图像"""
        high_score = round(self.stats.high_score,-1)
        high_score_str = "{:,}".format(high_score)
        self.high_score_image = self.font.render(high_score_str, True, self.text_color, self.settings.bg_color)

        # 将最高得分放在屏幕顶部中央
        self.high_score_rect = self.high_score_image.get_rect()
        self.high_score_rect.centerx = self.screen_rect.centerx
        self.high_score_rect.top = self.score_rect.top

    def prep_level(self):
        """将等级转换为渲染的图像"""
        level_str = str(self.stats.level)
        self.level_image = self.font.render(level_str, True, self.text_color, self.settings.bg_color)

        # 将等级放在得分下方
        self.level_rect = self.level_image.get_rect()
        self.level_rect.right = self.score_rect.right
        self.score_rect.top = self.screen_rect.bottom + 10

    def prep_ships(self):
        """显示还余下多少艘飞船"""
        self.ships = Group()
        for ship_number in range(self.stats.ships_left):
            ship = Ship(self.ai_game)
            ship.rect.x = 10 + ship_number*ship.rect.width
            ship.rect.y = 10
            self.ships.add(ship)


    def show_score(self):
        """在屏幕上显示得分和等级"""
        self.screen.blit(self.score_image,self.score_rect)
        self.screen.blit(self.high_score_image, self.high_score_rect)
        self.screen.blit(self.level_image, self.level_rect)
        self.ships.draw(self.screen)

    def check_high_score(self):
        """检查是否诞生了新的最高分"""
        if self.stats.score > self.stats.high_score:
            self.stats.high_score = self.stats.score
            self.prep_high_score()

settings.py

import sys
sys.setrecursionlimit(10000)
class Settings:
    """存储游戏《外星人入侵》中所有设置的类"""
    def __init__(self):
        """初始化游戏的设置"""
        self.screen_width = 1200
        self.screen_height = 800
        self.bg_color = (230,230,230)
        #飞船设置
        self.ship_limit = 3
        #子弹设置
        self.bullet_width = 300
        self.bullet_height = 15
        self.bullet_color = (60,60,60)
        self.bullet_allowed = 3

        #外星人设置
        self.fleet_drop_speed = 10
        #加快游戏的节奏的速度
        self.speedup_scale = 1.1
        #外星人分数的提高速度
        self.score_scale = 1.5
        self.initilize_dynamic_settings()

    def initilize_dynamic_settings(self):
        """初始化随游戏进行而变化的设置"""
        self.ship_speed = 1.5
        self.bullet_speed  = 3.0
        self.alien_speed = 1.0

        #fleet_direction为1表示向右，为-1表示向左
        self.fleet_direction = 1

        #计分
        self.alien_points = 50


    def increase_speed(self):
        """提高速度设置和外星人分数"""
        self.ship_speed *= self.speedup_scale
        self.bullet_speed *= self.speedup_scale
        self.alien_speed *= self.speedup_scale
        self.alien_points = int(self.alien_points * self.score_scale)

ship.py

import pygame
from pygame.sprite import Sprite

class Ship(Sprite):
    """管理飞船的类"""
    def __init__(self,ai_game):
        """初始化飞船并设置其初始位置"""
        super().__init__()
        self.screen = ai_game.screen
        self.settings = ai_game.settings
        self.screen_rect = ai_game.screen.get_rect()

        #加载飞船图像并获取其外接矩形
        self.image = pygame.image.load('images/ship.bmp')
        self.rect = self.image.get_rect()

        #对于每艘新飞船，都将其放在屏幕底部的中央
        self.rect.midbottom = self.screen_rect.midbottom

        #在飞船的属性x中存储小数值
        self.x = float(self.rect.x)

        #移动标志
        self.moving_right = False
        self.moving_left = False
    def update(self):
        """根据移动标志调整飞船的位置"""
        #更新飞船而不是rect对象的值
        if self.moving_right and self.rect.right < self.screen_rect.right:
            self.x += self.settings.ship_speed
        if self.moving_left and self.rect.left>0:
            self.x -= self.settings.ship_speed

        #根据self.x更新rect对象
        self.rect.x = self.x
    def blitme(self):
        """在指定位置绘制飞船"""
        self.screen.blit(self.image,self.rect)


    def center_ship(self):
        """让飞船在屏幕底端居中"""
        self.rect.midbottom = self.screen_rect.midbottom
        self.x = float(self.rect.x)