1.配置文件
-
通过设置bean标签来完成对象的管理
id:对象名
class:对象的模板类。(所有交给IoC容器管理的类必须有无参构造函数,因为spring底层通过反射机制创建对象,反射机制调用无参构造)
-
成员对象通过property标签完成赋值
name:成员变量名 value:成员变量值(基本数据类型+String) ref:将IoC中另一个bean赋给当前的成员变量(DI)
<bean id="student" class="com.southwind.entity.Student">
<property name="id" value="1"></property>
<property name="age" value="18"></property>
<property name="name" value="李四"></property>
<property name="address" ref="address"></property>
</bean>
<bean id="address" class="com.southwind.entity.Address">
<property name="id" value="1"></property>
<property name="name" value="上海路"></property>
</bean>
2.IoC底层原理
- 读取配置文件,解析xml
- 通过反射机制,实例化配置文件中配置的所有bean
底层实现:
import org.dom4j.Document;
import org.dom4j.DocumentException;
import org.dom4j.Element;
import org.dom4j.io.SAXReader;
import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.Map;
public class ClassPathXmlApplicationContext implements ApplicationContext {
private Map<String,Object> ioc = new HashMap<String, Object>();
public ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(String path){
try {
SAXReader reader = new SAXReader();
Document document = reader.read("./src/main/resources/"+path);
Element root = document.getRootElement();
Iterator<Element> iterator = root.elementIterator();
while(iterator.hasNext()){
Element element = iterator.next();
String id = element.attributeValue("id");
String className = element.attributeValue("class");
//通过反射机制创建对象
Class clazz = Class.forName(className);
//获取无参构造函数,创建目标对象
Constructor constructor = clazz.getConstructor();
Object object = constructor.newInstance();
//给目标对象赋值
Iterator<Element> beanIter = element.elementIterator();
while(beanIter.hasNext()){
Element property = beanIter.next();
String name = property.attributeValue("name");
String valueStr = property.attributeValue("value");
String ref = property.attributeValue("ref");
if(ref == null){
String methodName = "set"+name.substring(0,1).toUpperCase()+name.substring(1);
Field field = clazz.getDeclaredField(name);
Method method = clazz.getDeclaredMethod(methodName,field.getType());
//根据成员变量的数据类型将 value 进行转换
Object value = null;
if(field.getType().getName() == "long"){
value = Long.parseLong(valueStr);
}
if(field.getType().getName() == "java.lang.String"){
value = valueStr;
}
if(field.getType().getName() == "int"){
value = Integer.parseInt(valueStr);
}
method.invoke(object,value);
}
ioc.put(id,object);
}
}
} catch (DocumentException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e){
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (NoSuchMethodException e){
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (InstantiationException e){
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IllegalAccessException e){
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (InvocationTargetException e){
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (NoSuchFieldException e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public Object getBean(String id) {
return ioc.get(id);
}
}
通过运行实类获取bean
ApplicationContext applicationContext=new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring.xml");
Student student =(Student) applicationContext.getBean(Student.class);
System.out.println(student);
这种方式的缺点:配置文件中一个数据类型的对象只能有一个实例。
通过有参构造创建bean
- 在实体类中创建对应的有参构造函数
- 配置文件
<bean id="student2" class="com.southwind.entity.Student">
<constructor-arg name="id" value="3"></constructor-arg>
<constructor-arg name="name" value="李四"></constructor-arg>
<constructor-arg name="age" value="14"></constructor-arg>
<constructor-arg name="address" ref="address"></constructor-arg>
</bean>
通过下标也可以实现
<bean id="student3" class="com.southwind.entity.Student">
<constructor-arg index="0" value="3"></constructor-arg>
<constructor-arg index="2" value="18"></constructor-arg>
<constructor-arg index="1" value="小明"></constructor-arg>
<constructor-arg index="3" ref="address"></constructor-arg>
</bean>