HTTPServletResponse

####HTTPServletResponse

web服务器，接受到客户端的HTTP请求，针对这个请求，分别创建一个请求的HttpServletRequest

对象，代表响应一个HttpServletResponse;

• 如果要获取客户端请求过来的参数:HttpServletRequest
• 如果要给客户端响应一些信息: HttpServletResponse

1、简单分类

负责给浏览器发送数据的方法

    ServletOutputStream getOutputStream() throws IOException;

    PrintWriter getWriter() throws IOException;

负责向浏览器发送一些响应头的

    void setCharacterEncoding(String var1);

    void setContentLength(int var1);

    void setContentLengthLong(long var1);

    void setContentType(String var1);

    void setDateHeader(String var1, long var2);

    void addDateHeader(String var1, long var2);

    void setHeader(String var1, String var2);

    void addHeader(String var1, String var2);

    void setIntHeader(String var1, int var2);

    void addIntHeader(String var1, int var2);

响应转台码

    int SC_CONTINUE = 100;
    int SC_SWITCHING_PROTOCOLS = 101;
    int SC_OK = 200;
    int SC_CREATED = 201;
    int SC_ACCEPTED = 202;
    int SC_NON_AUTHORITATIVE_INFORMATION = 203;
    int SC_NO_CONTENT = 204;
    int SC_RESET_CONTENT = 205;
    int SC_PARTIAL_CONTENT = 206;
    int SC_MULTIPLE_CHOICES = 300;
    int SC_MOVED_PERMANENTLY = 301;
    int SC_MOVED_TEMPORARILY = 302;
    int SC_FOUND = 302;
    int SC_SEE_OTHER = 303;
    int SC_NOT_MODIFIED = 304;
    int SC_USE_PROXY = 305;
    int SC_TEMPORARY_REDIRECT = 307;
    int SC_BAD_REQUEST = 400;
    int SC_UNAUTHORIZED = 401;
    int SC_PAYMENT_REQUIRED = 402;
    int SC_FORBIDDEN = 403;
    int SC_NOT_FOUND = 404;
    int SC_METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED = 405;
    int SC_NOT_ACCEPTABLE = 406;
    int SC_PROXY_AUTHENTICATION_REQUIRED = 407;
    int SC_REQUEST_TIMEOUT = 408;
    int SC_CONFLICT = 409;
    int SC_GONE = 410;
    int SC_LENGTH_REQUIRED = 411;
    int SC_PRECONDITION_FAILED = 412;
    int SC_REQUEST_ENTITY_TOO_LARGE = 413;
    int SC_REQUEST_URI_TOO_LONG = 414;
    int SC_UNSUPPORTED_MEDIA_TYPE = 415;
    int SC_REQUESTED_RANGE_NOT_SATISFIABLE = 416;
    int SC_EXPECTATION_FAILED = 417;
    int SC_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR = 500;
    int SC_NOT_IMPLEMENTED = 501;
    int SC_BAD_GATEWAY = 502;
    int SC_SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE = 503;
    int SC_GATEWAY_TIMEOUT = 504;
    int SC_HTTP_VERSION_NOT_SUPPORTED = 505;

2、常用应用

1.向浏览器输出消息

2.下载文文件案例

1. 要获取下载文件的路径

2. 下载文件名字是什么
3. 设置想办法让浏览器能够支持我们需要的东西
4. 获取下载文件的输入流
5. 创建缓存区
6. 获取outputStream对象
7. 将FileOutPutStream写入到Buffer缓存区
8. 使用OutputStream将缓存区的数据输出到客户端

 protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {

    //   1. 要获取下载文件的路径
        String realPath ="D:\\IdeaProjects\\javaweb-02-servlet\\response\\target\\classes\\1.png";
        System.out.println("下载文件的路径"+realPath);
        // 	2. 下载文件名字是什么
        String filename = realPath.substring(realPath.lastIndexOf("\\") + 1);
        // 	3. 设置想办法让浏览器能够支持我们需要的东西
        resp.setHeader("Content-Disposition","attachment;filename="+ URLEncoder.encode(filename,"utf-8"));
        // 	4. 获取下载文件的输入流
        FileInputStream in = new FileInputStream(realPath);
        // 	5. 创建缓存区
        int len =8;
        byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
        // 	6. 获取outputStream对象
        ServletOutputStream out = resp.getOutputStream();
        // 	7. 将FileOutPutStream写入到Buffer缓存区 使用OutputStream将缓存区的数据输出到客户端
        while ((len=in.read(buffer))>0){
            out.write(buffer,0,len);
        }
        // 	8. 关闭流
        in.close();
        out.close();
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doPost(req, resp);
    }
}

  <servlet>
    <servlet-name>filedown</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>org.westos.servlet.FilesServlet</servlet-class>
  </servlet>
  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>filedown</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/filedown</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>

3、验证码的实现

验证怎来的

• 前端实现
• 后端实现，需要用到JAVA类，响应到前端

public class ImageServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //如何让浏览器三秒中刷新一次
        resp.setHeader("refresh","3");

        //在内存中创建一个图片
        BufferedImage image = new BufferedImage(80,20,BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
        //得到一个图片
        Graphics g = (Graphics2D) image.getGraphics(); //笔
        //设置图片背景颜色
        g.setColor(Color.white);
        g.fillRect(0,0,80,20);
        //给图片写数据
        g.setColor(Color.blue);
        g.setFont(new Font(null,Font.BOLD,20));
        g.drawString(makeNum(),0,20);

        //告诉浏览器，，这个请求用图形的方式打开
        resp.setContentType("imge/jpeg");
        //网站存在缓存，我们需要不让浏览器缓存。
        resp.setDateHeader("expires", -1);
        resp.setHeader("Cache-Control","no-cache");
        resp.setHeader("Pragm","no-cache");

        //把图片写给浏览器
        ImageIO.write(image,"jpg",resp.getOutputStream());

    }
    private String makeNum(){
        Random random = new Random();
        String num = random.nextInt(99999999)+"";
        StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
        for (int i = 0; i < 7 - num.length(); i++) {
            sb.append("0");
        }
        String s = sb.toString() + num;
        return  num;
    }

4、实现重定向

一个web资源会周到客户端请求后，他会通知客户端去访问另外一个web资源，这个过程叫重定向。

常见场景：

• 用户登陆

resp.sendRedirect();

public class RedirectServlet extends HttpServlet {
    private static final int SC_FOUND = 302;

    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        
        /*
           
        */
        resp.setHeader("Location","r/img");
       
        resp.setStatus(SC_FOUND);
        resp.sendRedirect("/img"); //重定向
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doPost(req, resp);
    }
}

重定向，和转发的区别？

相同点：

页面都会实现跳转

不同点：

• 请求转发的时候，URL不会发生变化。
• 如果是重定向的时候，URL地址栏不会发生变化。

简单的一个登陆测试页面

package org.westos.servlet;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

public class RequesTest extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        String username = req.getParameter("username");
        String password = req.getParameter("password");

        resp.sendRedirect("/success.jsp");
        //重定的时候一定要注意路径问题，负责就会404。
        System.out.println("进入了这个请求，");
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        super.doPost(req, resp);
    }
}

前端示例界面

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
</head>
<body>
<h2>Hello World!</h2>
<%--这里提交的路径需要寻找到项目的路径--%>
<%--${pageContext.request.ContextPath} 代表当前项目--%>
<form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/login" method="get">
    <span>用户名：<input type="text" name="username"></br>
         密&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp码：<input type="password" name="password"></br>
        提交<input type="submit" name="提交"></span>
</form>

</body>
</html>

跳转页面

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>成功登陆</h1>
</body>
</html>