7.1 会话
会话:是用户打开产生了一个浏览器,点击了很多超连接,访问了多个web资源,关闭浏览器,这个过程可以称之为会话
有状态会话:
一个网站证明你来过,
客户端 服务端
1.服务端给客户端一个信件,客户端下次访问服务端得信件就可以了cookie
2.服务端等级你来过了,下次你来得时候匹配你。Seesion
7.2保存会话得两种技术
cookie
- 客户端技术(响应,请求)
session
- 服务器技术,利用这个技术,可以保存用户的会话信息,我们可以把星系或者数据,放在session中
常见场景: 网站登录之后,你下次就不用在登录了,第二次访问就不用登录了。
Cookie
Cookie[] cookies = req.getCookies();
cookie.getName()
cookie.getValue()
Cookie cookie = new Cookie("lastLoginTime", System.currentTimeMillis()+"");
cookie.setMaxAge(24*60*60);
resp.addCookie(cookie); //响应给客户端一个Cookie
示例代码
//保存用户上一次访问的世界。
public class newCookiedemo1 extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
//服务器告诉你,你来的时间,把这个时间封装成一个信件,你下次带着来,我就知道你来了
//解决中文代码问题
req.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
resp.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
PrintWriter out = resp.getWriter();
//Cookie,服务器端从客户端获取呀
Cookie[] cookies = req.getCookies(); //这里返回数组,说明Cookie可能存在多个
//判断Cookie是否存在
if (cookies != null){
out.write("你上次访问的时间是:");
//如果存在,怎么办
for (int i = 0; i < cookies.length; i++) {
Cookie cookie = cookies[i];
//获取COOKIE的名字
if (cookie.getName().equals("lastLoginTime")){
//获取cookie的值
long lastLoginTime = Long.parseLong(cookie.getValue());
Date date = new Date(lastLoginTime);
out.write(date.toLocaleString());
}
}
}else {
Date date = new Date();
out.write("这是你第一次访问本站:");
}
//服务器给客户端响应一个Cookie
Cookie cookie = new Cookie("lastLoginTime", System.currentTimeMillis()+"");
//有效期为一天
cookie.setMaxAge(24*60*60);
resp.addCookie(cookie);
}
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
doGet(req,resp);
}
}
<servlet>
<servlet-name>cookiedemo</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.westos.servlet.newCookiedemo1</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>cookiedemo</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/c1</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
cookie:一般回保存在笨的目录下面appdate;
一个网站的cookie是是否回存在上限!
- 一个Cookie只能保存一个信息
- 一个Web站点,可以给浏览器发送多个cookie,最多存放20个cookie
- Cookie大小有限制4kb
- 300个cookie是浏览器上限
删除Cookie:
- 不设置有效期,关闭浏览器自动失效
- 后台设置有效期时间为0;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.Cookie;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.net.URLDecoder;
import java.net.URLEncoder;
import java.util.Date;
//保存用户上一次访问的世界。
public class newCookiedemo3 extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
//服务器告诉你,你来的时间,把这个时间封装成一个信件,你下次带着来,我就知道你来了
//解决中文代码问题
req.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
resp.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
PrintWriter out = resp.getWriter();
//Cookie,服务器端从客户端获取呀
Cookie[] cookies = req.getCookies(); //这里返回数组,说明Cookie可能存在多个
//判断Cookie是否存在
if (cookies != null) {
out.write("你上次访问的时间是:");
//如果存在,怎么办
for (int i = 0; i < cookies.length; i++) {
Cookie cookie = cookies[i];
//获取COOKIE的名字
if (cookie.getName().equals("name")) {
//传输中编码解码
out.write(URLDecoder.decode(cookie.getValue(),"utf-8"));
}
}
} else {
Date date = new Date();
out.write("这是你第一次访问本站:");
}
//服务器给客户端响应一个Cookie
Cookie cookie = new Cookie("name", URLEncoder.encode("汉字","utf-8"));//传输编码。
resp.addCookie(cookie);
}
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
doGet(req, resp);
}
}
编码解码
URLEncoder.encode()
URLDecoder.decode()
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.Cookie;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.net.URLDecoder;
import java.net.URLEncoder;
import java.util.Date;
//保存用户上一次访问的世界。
public class newCookiedemo3 extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
//服务器告诉你,你来的时间,把这个时间封装成一个信件,你下次带着来,我就知道你来了
//解决中文代码问题
req.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
resp.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
PrintWriter out = resp.getWriter();
//Cookie,服务器端从客户端获取呀
Cookie[] cookies = req.getCookies(); //这里返回数组,说明Cookie可能存在多个
//判断Cookie是否存在
if (cookies != null) {
out.write("你上次访问的时间是:");
//如果存在,怎么办
for (int i = 0; i < cookies.length; i++) {
Cookie cookie = cookies[i];
//获取COOKIE的名字
if (cookie.getName().equals("name")) {
//传输中编码解码
out.write(URLDecoder.decode(cookie.getValue(),"utf-8"));
}
}
} else {
Date date = new Date();
out.write("这是你第一次访问本站:");
}
//服务器给客户端响应一个Cookie
Cookie cookie = new Cookie("name", URLEncoder.encode("汉字","utf-8"));//传输编码。
resp.addCookie(cookie);
}
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
doGet(req, resp);
}
}
Session
什么是Session:
- 服务器会给每一个用户(浏览器)创建一个Session对象。
- 一个Seesion独占一个浏览器,只有浏览器没有关闭,这个session就存在
- 用户登之后,整个网站他都可以访问,–>保存用户的信息,保存购物车的信息
Session和cookie的区别
[外链图片转存失败,源站可能有防盗链机制,建议将图片保存下来直接上传(img-FFW1MdVz-1582387623175)(C:\Users\junzizhiai\Desktop\Java笔记\image-20200221190729154.png)]
示例代码一
public class SessionDemo1 extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
//解决乱码问题
req.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
resp.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
resp.setContentType("text/html,charset=utf-8");
//得到Session
HttpSession session = req.getSession();
//给Session中存东西
session.setAttribute("name", URLEncoder.encode("汉字","utf-8"));
//获得Session的ID
String id = session.getId();
//判断是不是新创建得Session
if (session.isNew()) {
resp.getWriter().write("session创建成功,ID"+id);
}else {
resp.getWriter().write("session已经在ID中存在了ID"+id);
}
//Session创建得时候做了什么事情
// Cookie cookie = new Cookie("JSESSIONID",id);
// resp.addCookie(cookie);
}
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
doGet(req, resp);
}
}
<servlet>
<servlet-name>sessiondemo1</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.westos.servlet.SessionDemo1</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>sessiondemo1</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/s1</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
当session为汉字得时候是否可以传输
public class SessionDemo2 extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
//解决乱码问题
req.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
resp.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
resp.setContentType("text/html,charset=utf-8");
//得到Session
HttpSession session = req.getSession();
String name = (String) session.getAttribute("name");
System.out.println(name);
}
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
doGet(req, resp);
}
}
<servlet>
<servlet-name>sessiondemo2</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.westos.servlet.SessionDemo2</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>sessiondemo2</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/s2</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
注销session(手动)
public class SessionDemo3 extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
//解决乱码问题
req.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
resp.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
resp.setContentType("text/html,charset=utf-8");
//得到Session
HttpSession session = req.getSession();
session.removeAttribute("name"); //取消了这个
session.invalidate();//注销SessionID
}
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
doGet(req, resp);
}
}
<servlet>
<servlet-name>sessiondemo3</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.westos.servlet.SessionDemo3</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>sessiondemo3</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/s3</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
会话自动过期,配助Session自动失效
<!--设置session默认得失效时间-->
<session-config>
<!--这个配置以分钟为单位,默认自动失效-->
<session-timeout>1</session-timeout>
</session-config>