SCJP _Standard Edition 5.0考试大纲翻译

想考考SCJP,于是到SUN的官方网站上把考试大纲弄了下来.E文荒废很久了,看着挺废劲.因为大纲应该经常看,所以决定边看边翻译,结果更郁闷,有些东西英文能明白大概意思,却不知道怎么翻译成中文.

唉,就当看英语了,开着词霸慢慢翻译,结果还是没翻译完.不行了,困死了,明天再翻译吧,今天的成果如下,先声明啊,英文很次,JAVA也不是很好,所以翻译得很烂,有些翻译错的,还有些没翻译出来.如果有高手看见,请帮忙指点指点.谢谢咯,不要嘲笑我:

Exam Objectives

Section 1: Declarations, Initialization and Scoping
声明,初始化和范围

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Develop code that declares classes (including abstract and all forms of nested classes), interfaces, and enums, and includes the appropriate use of package and import statements (including static imports).
写出声明类(包括抽象类和各种形式的内部类),接口,枚举的代码,并适当的使用包和导入(包括静态类)

Develop code that declares an interface. Develop code that implements or extends one or more interfaces. Develop code that declares an abstract class. Develop code that extends an abstract class.
写出声明一个接口的代码,并代码实现或扩展一个或多个接口.写一个抽象类的声明,并写出代码扩展这个抽象类

Develop code that declares, initializes, and uses primitives, arrays, enums, and objects as static, instance, and local variables. Also, use legal identifiers for variable names.
写出声明,初始化并使用各种静态,实例,和局部的原始类型,数组,枚举类型和对象的代码.注意使用合法的标识符

Develop code that declares both static and non-static methods, and - if appropriate - use method names that adhere to the JavaBeans naming standards. Also develop code that declares and uses a variable-length argument list.
写出声明静态和非静态方法的代码,注意方法名要符合JavaBean的命名规范.同时写出声明和使用不同长度的参数列表的代码

Given a code example, determine if a method is correctly overriding or overloading another method, and identify legal return values (including covariant returns), for the method.
对给出的代码示例,判断一个方法是否正确的重写或重载另一个方法,并识别这个方法合法的返回值(包括covariant).

Given a set of classes and superclasses, develop constructors for one or more of the classes. Given a class declaration, determine if a default constructor will be created, and if so, determine the behavior of that constructor. Given a nested or non-nested class listing, write code to instantiate the class.
给出一系列的类及其父类,为它们中的一部分写出构造函数.
对于给出的类声明,判断是否会生成默认的构造函数,如果生成,判断这个构造函数的行为.
对给出的内部类和非内部类列表,写出实例化它们的代码

Section 2: Flow Control
流程控制

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Develop code that implements an if or switch statement; and identify legal argument types for these statements.
写出实现IF或SWITCH结构的代码,并确定它们合法的参数类型
 
Develop code that implements all forms of loops and iterators, including the use of for, the enhanced for loop (for-each), do, while, labels, break, and continue; and explain the values taken by loop counter variables during and after loop execution.
写出实现各种形式的循环和迭代的代码,包括for 增强形for (for-each不知道是什么?),do, while, labels, break, 和continue;并说明在循环执行过程中和执行过后循环计数变量的值.

Develop code that makes use of assertions, and distinguish appropriate from inappropriate uses of assertions.
写出使用断言的代码,并从对断言的不恰当的使用中辨别出正确的使用.
 
Develop code that makes use of exceptions and exception handling clauses (try, catch, finally), and declares methods and overriding methods that throw exceptions.
写出使用异常和异常处理机制(try, catch, finally)的代码,并声明抛出异常的方法和重写的方法(翻译得不太对)

Recognize the effect of an exception arising at a specified point in a code fragment. Note that the exception may be a runtime exception, a checked exception, or an error.
识别出一个代码片段中某个特殊点发生异常引起的效果,注意这个异常可能是运行时异常,验证异常还是个错误.

Recognize situations that will result in any of the following being thrown: ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException,ClassCastException, IllegalArgumentException, IllegalStateException, NullPointerException, NumberFormatException, AssertionError, ExceptionInInitializerError, StackOverflowError or NoClassDefFoundError. Understand which of these are thrown by the virtual machine and recognize situations in which others should be thrown programatically.
识别出什么情况下,将导致下面的异常:
ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException,ClassCastException, IllegalArgumentException, IllegalStateException, NullPointerException, NumberFormatException, AssertionError, ExceptionInInitializerError, StackOverflowError or NoClassDefFoundError. 理解哪些是被除数虚拟机抛出的,而其它的在哪些情况下会被thrown programatically(怎么翻译?)

Section 3: API Contents

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Develop code that uses the primitive wrapper classes (such as Boolean, Character, Double, Integer, etc.), and/or & unboxing. Discuss the differences between the String, StringBuilder, and StringBuffer classes.
写出使用原始类型封闭类的代码(例如Boolean, Character, Double, Integer,等等),并且/或者& unboxing.讨论String,StringBuilder, and StringBuffer classes.之间的区别

Given a scenario involving navigating file systems, reading from files, or writing to files, develop the correct solution using the following classes (sometimes in combination), from java.io: BufferedReader,BufferedWriter, File, FileReader, FileWriter and PrintWriter.
给定了一个操纵文件系统的特定环境,对文件做读和写操作,开发正确使用下面java.io包中的类(有时需要组合使用)的解决方法:BufferedReader,BufferedWriter, File, FileReader, FileWriter and PrintWriter

Develop code that serializes and/or de-serializes objects using the following APIs from java.io: DataInputStream, DataOutputStream, FileInputStream, FileOutputStream, ObjectInputStream, ObjectOutputStream and Serializable.
写出连续(serializes?)并且/或者不连续的对象使用下列java.io的API的代码:
DataInputStream, DataOutputStream, FileInputStream, FileOutputStream, ObjectInputStream, ObjectOutputStream and Serializable.

Use standard J2SE APIs in the java.text package to correctly format or parse dates, numbers, and currency values for a specific locale; and, given a scenario, determine the appropriate methods to use if you want to use the default locale or a specific locale. Describe the purpose and use of the java.util.Locale class.
使用标准J2SE API的java.text包去格式化或解析某具体locale的日期,数字和货币;并且在给定的情形下,差别出如果你要使用默认的locale或某个特定的locale,哪些方法是适当的.描述如何使用java.util.Locale,并使用它的目的

Write code that uses standard J2SE APIs in the java.util and java.util.regex packages to format or parse strings or streams. For strings, write code that uses the Pattern and Matcher classes and the String.split method. Recognize and use regular expression patterns for matching (limited to: . (dot), * (star), + (plus), ?, /d, /s, /w, [], ()). The use of *, +, and ? will be limited to greedy quantifiers, and the parenthesis operator will only be used as a grouping mechanism, not for capturing content during matching. For streams, write code using the Formatter and Scanner classes and the PrintWriter.format/printf methods. Recognize and use formatting parameters (limited to: %b, %c, %d, %f, %s) in format strings.
写出使用标准J2SE APIs中的java.util and java.util.regex 包去格式化和解析字符串或流的代码.
对于字符串,写出使用Pattern 和Matcher 类和String.split方法的代码.
识别并使用正则表达式去进行匹配(限制于: . (dot), * (star), + (plus), ?, /d, /s, /w, [], ()).
*, +, 和?的使用将被限制于greedy(?)数量词,而括号操作符也只被用于分组,而不是在匹配时获得内容.
对于流,编写使用Formatter 和 Scanner类和rintWriter.format/printf方法的代码.识别并使用格式化参数(限制于: %b, %c, %d, %f, %s)去格式化字符串

Section 4: Concurrency
并发
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Write code to define, instantiate, and start new threads using both java.lang.Thread and java.lang.Runnable.
写代码使用java.lang.Thread 和java.lang.Runnable去定义,示例和启动一个新的进程.

Recognize the states in which a thread can exist, and identify ways in which a thread can transition from one state to another.
识别出一个进程能够存活的状态,并且确定出一个进程从一个状态到另一个状态的方法.

Given a scenario, write code that makes appropriate use of object locking to protect static or instance variables from concurrent access problems.
在给定的条件下,写出正确使用对象锁保护静态或实例变量不会产生并发访问问题的代码.

Given a scenario, write code that makes appropriate use of wait, notify, or notifyAll.
在给定的条件下,写出代码正确的使用wait, notify, 或notifyAll

Section 5: OO Concepts
面向对象的概念
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Develop code that implements tight encapsulation, loose coupling, and high cohesion in classes, and describe the benefits.
写出实现高度封装,松耦合,高聚合的类的代码,并描述其好处
 
Given a scenario, develop code that demonstrates the use of polymorphism. Further, determine when casting will be necessary and recognize compiler vs. runtime errors related to object reference casting.
在给定条件下,写出代码示范多态性的使用.更进一步确定什么时候类型转换(casting ?)是必要的,并且识别编译器在处理运行时错误和对象引用casting时,两者间有关系.

Explain the effect of modifiers on inheritance with respect to constructors, instance or static variables, and instance or static methods.
描述在继承时修饰词对于构造函数,实例和静态变量 ,实例和静态方法的效果
 
Given a scenario, develop code that declares and/or invokes overridden or overloaded methods and code that declares and/or invokes superclass, overridden, or overloaded constructors.
(搞不懂and/or是什么意思)在给定的情形下,写出描述调用重写和重载方法的代码,和描述调用超类,重写,重载构造函数的代码

Develop code that implements "is-a" and/or "has-a" relationships.
开发代码实现 "is-a" 并且/或者 "has-a"关系
("is-a" ,"has-a"是什么关系?)