7. Django学习笔记——models的Manager

·django通过models的manager来执行数据库操作。
·每个django model至少有一个manager。
·可以自定义manager。
·自定义manager必须继承自models.Manager

给默认的manager改名：

class Person(models.Model):
	#这里有一个默认的
	objects = models.Manager()（manage其实是Person的类属性）
	...
 	people = models.Manager()  

这里相当于改名，会替代objects，原来的objects就不能用了，要向想可以使用，在最后加上这个：

objects = models.Manager()

定制manager
1）增加额外的方法：

class BookManager(models.Manager):
    def title_count(self, keyword):
        return self.filter(title__icontains=keyword).count()
class Book(models.Model):
    title = models.CharField(max_length=100)
    authors = models.ManyToManyField(Author)
    publisher = models.ForeignKey(Publisher)
    publication_date = models.DateField()
    num_pages = models.IntegerField(blank=True, null=True)
    objects = BookManager()

    def __str__(self):
        return self.title

2）修改默认manager的查询集

    class DahlBookManager(models.Manager):
    	def get_queryset(self):
        	return super(DahlBookManager, self).get_queryset().filter(author='Roa')
    
    class Book(models.Model):
        title = models.CharField(max_length=100)
        author = models.CharField(max_length=50)
    
        objects = models.Manager() # The default manager.
        dahl_objects = DahlBookManager() # The Dahl-specific manager.

3）使用多个manager

	class MaleManager(models.Manager):
    	def get_queryset(self):
       		return super(MaleManager, self).get_queryset().filter(sex='M')
	
	class FemaleManager(models.Manager):
	    def get_queryset(self):
	        return super(FemaleManager, self).get_queryset().filter(sex='F')
	
	class Person(models.Model):
	    first_name = models.CharField(max_length=50)
	    last_name = models.CharField(max_length=50)
	    sex = models.CharField(max_length=1, 
	                           choices=( ('M', 'Male'),  
	                                    ('F', 'Female') )
	                           )
	    people = models.Manager()
	    men = MaleManager()
	    women = FemaleManager()

		def get_queryset(self):
			return super().get_queryset().filter(gender=True)