使用Spring的Quartz Scheduler进行任务定时调度

使用Spring的Quartz Scheduler进行任务定时调度，使任务定时启动和触发，对应Spring文档 33.6Using the Quartz Scheduler 部分。

一、准备工作

首先使用maven配置webapp项目，目录结构如下，新建myJob测试类及Sping配置文件。

然后添加依赖，pom.xm代码如下：

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  <groupId>SpringDemo</groupId>
  <artifactId>SpringDemo</artifactId>
  <packaging>war</packaging>
  <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <name>SpringDemo Maven Webapp</name>
  <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
  <dependencies>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>junit</groupId>
      <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
      <version>3.8.1</version>
      <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
    <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-core -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
      <version>4.2.6.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>
    <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-context -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
      <version>4.2.6.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>
    <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-beans -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
      <version>4.2.6.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>
    <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-web -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
      <version>4.2.6.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>
    <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-context-support -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId>
      <version>4.2.6.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>
    <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-tx -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
      <version>4.2.6.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>
    <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.quartz-scheduler/quartz -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.quartz-scheduler</groupId>
      <artifactId>quartz</artifactId>
      <version>2.2.1</version>
    </dependency>

  </dependencies>
  <build>
    <finalName>SpringDemo</finalName>
  </build>
</project>

MyJob测试类中设置一个data数字，每次调用addData()数字加一，代码如下：

import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

/**
 * Created by jutal on 17-2-15.
 * Spring web项目触发器配置实例
 */

public class MyJob {

    private int myData;

    public void addData() {
        myData ++;
        System.out.println("Now my data is: " + myData);
    }

    public int getMyData() {
        return myData;
    }

    public void setMyData(int myData) {
        this.myData = myData;
    }
}

在web.xml对Spring配置文件进行初始化：

<!DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC
 "-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN"
 "http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd" >

<web-app>
  <display-name>Archetype Created Web Application</display-name>

  <!-- needed for ContextLoaderListener -->
  <context-param>
    <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
    <param-value>classpath:applicationContext*.xml</param-value>
  </context-param>

  <!-- Bootstraps the root web application context before servlet initialization -->
  <listener>
    <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
  </listener>
</web-app>

二、配置Job

之后要配置Job，即要定时执行的任务。首先在Spring配置文件中配置MyJob的Bean，设置myData初始为0:

<bean id="myJobBean" class="MyJob">
        <property name="myData" value="0"/>
</bean>

然后配置MethodInvokingJobDetailFactoryBean，目的是指定要执行的任务对应的类及方法等内容：

<bean id="addDataJob" class="org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.MethodInvokingJobDetailFactoryBean">
        <!-- 指定执行的bean -->
        <property name="targetObject" ref="myJobBean"/>
        <!-- 指定执行的方法 -->
        <property name="targetMethod" value="addData"/>
        <!-- 指定是否允许并发,false为非并发 -->
        <property name="concurrent" value="false"/>
</bean>

三、配置Tirgger和Scheduler

在配置完Job后对Job的触发器Trigger和调度器Scheduler进行配置，其中触发器中要对执行的时间进行配置，使用了con表达式，关于此表达式的用法可以在另一篇博客《con表达式用法》中找到。配置文件如下：

<!-- 配置Trigger触发器 -->
    <bean id="addDataTrigger" class="org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.CronTriggerFactoryBean">
        <property name="jobDetail" ref="addDataJob"/>
        <!-- 每秒执行一次 -->
        <property name="cronExpression" value="0/1 * * * * ?"/>
    </bean>

    <!-- 配置Scheduler调度器 -->
    <bean class="org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.SchedulerFactoryBean">
        <property name="triggers">
            <list>
                <ref bean="addDataTrigger"/>
            </list>
        </property>
    </bean>

配置后spring配置文件如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

    <bean id="myJobBean" class="MyJob">
        <property name="myData" value="0"/>
    </bean>

    <!-- 配置Job -->
    <bean id="addDataJob" class="org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.MethodInvokingJobDetailFactoryBean">
        <!-- 指定执行的bean -->
        <property name="targetObject" ref="myJobBean"/>
        <!-- 指定执行的方法 -->
        <property name="targetMethod" value="addData"/>
        <!-- 指定是否允许并发,false为非并发 -->
        <property name="concurrent" value="false"/>
    </bean>

    <!-- 配置Trigger触发器 -->
    <bean id="addDataTrigger" class="org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.CronTriggerFactoryBean">
        <property name="jobDetail" ref="addDataJob"/>
        <!-- 每秒执行一次 -->
        <property name="cronExpression" value="0/1 * * * * ?"/>
    </bean>

    <!-- 配置Scheduler调度器 -->
    <bean class="org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.SchedulerFactoryBean">
        <property name="triggers">
            <list>
                <ref bean="addDataTrigger"/>
            </list>
        </property>
    </bean>

</beans>

四、 测试

将项目放到Tomcat服务器上运行，在控制台中会出现结果，每秒进行一次输出：