全部代码：https://github.com/Kakaluoto/ELFReader
前言
最近选了Linux内核原理的选修课，虽然因为课时比较短涉及到的内容只能涵盖Linux知识的一小部分，但是老师的水平确实很高，讲的知识也很深入，这次布置的小作业是编写Linux平台下的C语言程序实现如下功能：
模仿实现Linux下readelf工具的部分功能，能够对ELF可执行文件进行简单分析。（至少支持readelf工具的-h、-S、-s三个命令选项功能）
关于原理部分自认为没有能力和大佬们讲得一样透彻清楚，所以参考文章链接贴在了文章的末尾，看了一定就会明白的。
1.ELF文件介绍
在 Linux 系统中，一个 ELF 文件主要用来表示 3 种类型的文件：
- 可执行文件：被操作系统中的加载器从硬盘上读取，载入到内存中去执行;
- 目标文件：被链接器读取，用来产生一个可执行文件或者共享库文件;
- 共享库文件：在动态链接的时候，由 ld-linux.so 来读取;
2.readelf命令
-a ：--all 显示全部信息,等价于 -h -l -S -s -r -d -V -A -I
-h ：--file-header 显示elf文件开始的文件头信息.
-l ：--program-headers ；--segments 显示程序头（段头）信息(如果有的话)。
-S ：--section-headers ；--sections 显示节头信息(如果有的话)。
-g ：--section-groups 显示节组信息(如果有的话)。
-t ：--section-details 显示节的详细信息(-S的)。
-s ：--syms ；--symbols 显示符号表段中的项（如果有的话）。
-e ：--headers 显示全部头信息，等价于: -h -l -S
-n ：--notes 显示note段（内核注释）的信息。
-r ：--relocs 显示可重定位段的信息。
-u ：--unwind 显示unwind段信息。当前只支持IA64 ELF的unwind段信息。
-d ：--dynamic 显示动态段的信息。
-V ：--version-info 显示版本段的信息。
-A ：--arch-specific 显示CPU构架信息。
-D ：--use-dynamic 使用动态段中的符号表显示符号，而不是使用符号段。
-x <number or name> ：--hex-dump=<number or name> 以16进制方式显示指定段内内容。number指定段表中段的索引,或字符串指定文件中的段名。
-w[liaprmfFsoR]或者
-debugdump[=line,=info,=abbrev,=pubnames,=aranges,
=macro,=frames,=frames-interp,=str,=loc,=Ranges] 显示调试段中指定的内容。
-I ：--histogram 显示符号的时候，显示bucket list长度的柱状图。
-v ：--version 显示readelf的版本信息。
-H ：--help 显示readelf所支持的命令行选项。
-W ：--wide 宽行输出。
3.代码实现
Kakaluoto/ELFReader (github.com)
这次我一共分成了5个文件header.h ; main.cpp ; readelf_symbol.cpp ; readelf_Section.cpp ; readelf_header.cpp
头文件 header.h
#include <iostream>
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstring>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <elf.h>
#ifndef ELFREADER_HEADER_H
#define ELFREADER_HEADER_H
using namespace std;
void readelf_h(const char* filename);
void readelf_S(const char* filename);
void readelf_s(const char* filename);
#endif //ELFREADER_HEADER_H
主函数 main.cpp
#include "header.h"
int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
if (argc < 2) { exit(0); }
//argv[0]是当前可执行文件路径
//arv[1]是参数，参数以空格作为分隔符
//argv[2]是被解析的可执行文件名
if (strcmp(argv[1], "-h") == 0)
readelf_h(argv[2]);
else if (strcmp(argv[1], "-S") == 0)
readelf_S(argv[2]);
else if (strcmp(argv[1], "-s") == 0)
readelf_s(argv[2]);
else
printf("invalid argument!\n");
return 0;
}
模仿readelf -h 的实现readelf_header.cpp
#include "header.h"
void readelf_h(const char* filename) {
FILE* fp;//定义文件指针
Elf64_Ehdr elf_header;//定义elf头用来存储
fp = fopen(filename, "r");
if (fp == NULL) { exit(0); }
fread(&elf_header, sizeof(Elf64_Ehdr), 1, fp);//读header
if (elf_header.e_ident[0] != 0x7f || elf_header.e_ident[1] != 'E') { exit(0); }//判断是否是elf文件
printf("ELF Header:\n");
printf(" Magic:\t");
for (unsigned char i : elf_header.e_ident) {
printf("%02x ", i);
}
printf("\n");
printf(" Class:\t\t\t\t");
switch (elf_header.e_ident[EI_CLASS]) {
case 1:
printf("ELF%d\n", 32);
break;
case 2:
printf("ELF%d\n", 64);
break;
default:
printf("Error!\n");
}
printf(" Data:\t\t\t\t\t");
switch (elf_header.e_ident[EI_DATA]) {
case 1:
printf("2's complement, little endian\n");
break;
case 2:
printf("2's complement, big endian\n");
break;
default:
printf("Error!\n");
}
printf(" Version:\t\t\t\t%d (current)\n", elf_header.e_ident[EI_VERSION]);
printf(" OS/ABI:\t\t\t\t");
switch (elf_header.e_ident[EI_OSABI]) {
case ELFOSABI_NONE:
printf("UNIX System V ABI\n");
break;
case ELFOSABI_HPUX:
printf("HP-UX\n");
break;
case ELFOSABI_NETBSD:
printf("NetBSD.\n");
break;
case ELFOSABI_GNU:
printf("Object uses GNU ELF extensions.\n");
break;
case ELFOSABI_SOLARIS:
printf("Sun Solaris.\n");
break;
case ELFOSABI_AIX:
printf("IBM AIX.\n");
break;
case ELFOSABI_IRIX:
printf("SGI Irix.\n");
break;
case ELFOSABI_FREEBSD:
printf("FreeBSD.\n");
break;
case ELFOSABI_TRU64:
printf("Compaq TRU64 UNIX.\n");
break;
case ELFOSABI_MODESTO:
printf("Novell Modesto.\n");
break;
case ELFOSABI_OPENBSD:
printf("OpenBSD.\n");
break;
case ELFOSABI_ARM_AEABI:
printf("ARM EABI\n");
break;
case ELFOSABI_ARM:
printf("ARM\n");
break;
case ELFOSABI_STANDALONE:
printf("Standalone (embedded) application\n");
break;
default:
printf("Error!\n");
}
printf(" ABI Version:\t\t\t\t%d\n", elf_header.e_ident[EI_ABIVERSION]);
printf(" Type:\t\t\t\t\t");
switch (elf_header.e_type) {
case ET_REL:
printf("REL (Relocatable file)\n");
break;
case ET_EXEC:
printf("EXEC (Executable file)\n");
break;
case ET_DYN:
printf("DYN (Shared object file)\n");
break;
default:
printf("Error!\n");
}
printf(" Machine:\t\t\t\t");
switch (elf_header.e_machine) {
case EM_NONE:
printf("No Machine!\n");
break;
case EM_386:
printf("Intel 80386\n");
break;
case EM_860:
printf("Intel 80860\n");
break;
case EM_ARM:
printf("ARM\n");
break;
case EM_X86_64:
printf("AMD x86-64 architecture\n");
break;
case EM_AVR:
printf("Atmel AVR 8-bit microcontroller\n");
break;
case EM_MSP430:
printf("Texas Instruments msp430\n");
break;
case EM_ALTERA_NIOS2:
printf("Altera Nios II\n");
break;
case EM_MICROBLAZE:
printf("Xilinx MicroBlaze\n");
break;
case EM_8051:
printf("Intel 8051 and variants\n");
break;
case EM_STM8:
printf("STMicroelectronics STM8\n");
break;
case EM_CUDA:
printf("NVIDIA CUDA\n");
break;
case EM_AMDGPU:
printf("AMD GPU\n");
break;
case EM_RISCV:
printf("RISC-V\n");
break;
case EM_BPF:
printf("Linux BPF -- in-kernel virtual machine\n");
break;
default:
printf("Unknown Machine!\n");
}
printf(" Version:\t\t\t\t%x\n", elf_header.e_ident[EI_VERSION]);
printf(" Entry point address:\t\t\t0x%016lx\n", elf_header.e_entry);
printf(" Start of program headers:\t\t%ld (bytes into file)\n", elf_header.e_phoff);
printf(" Start of section headers:\t\t%ld (bytes into file)\n", elf_header.e_shoff);
printf(" Flags:\t\t\t\t0x%x\n", elf_header.e_flags);
printf(" Size of this header:\t\t\t%d (bytes)\n", elf_header.e_ehsize);
printf(" Size of program headers:\t\t%d (bytes)\n", elf_header.e_phentsize);
printf(" Number of program headers:\t\t%d\n", elf_header.e_phnum);
printf(" Size of section headers:\t\t%d (bytes)\n", elf_header.e_shentsize);
printf(" Number of section headers:\t\t%d\n", elf_header.e_shnum);
printf(" Section header string table index:\t%d\n", elf_header.e_shstrndx);
}
模仿readelf -S 的实现readelf_Section.cpp
#include "header.h"
void readelf_S(const char* filename) {
FILE* fp;
Elf64_Ehdr elf_header;
fp = fopen(filename, "r");
if (fp == NULL) { exit(0); }
fread(&elf_header, sizeof(Elf64_Ehdr), 1, fp);
if (elf_header.e_ident[0] != 0x7f || elf_header.e_ident[1] != 'E') { exit(0); }
//定义数组用来存储段表里每一个section_header,段的数目:elf_header.e_shnum
Elf64_Shdr* sec_headers = new Elf64_Shdr[elf_header.e_shnum];
//将指针移动到段表起始地址，段起始地址elf_header.e_shoff即相对于整个elf文件的偏移量，SEEK_SET从文件起始开始偏移
fseek(fp, elf_header.e_shoff, SEEK_SET);
//读section_header，每一个header大小为sizeof(Elf64_Shdr)，一共读elf_header.e_shnum个段表头
fread(sec_headers, sizeof(Elf64_Shdr), elf_header.e_shnum, fp);
printf("There are %d section headers, starting at offset 0x%lx\n\n", elf_header.e_shnum, elf_header.e_shoff);
printf("Section Headers:\n");
int str_tab_ind = elf_header.e_shstrndx;//获取字符串表在段表中的索引elf_header.e_shstrndx，用来读取段名
fseek(fp, sec_headers[str_tab_ind].sh_offset, SEEK_SET);//将指针移动到字符串表
char* string_table = new char[sec_headers[str_tab_ind].sh_size];//构造字符数组用来存储字符串表里的字符
fread(string_table, 1, sec_headers[str_tab_ind].sh_size, fp);//将字符串表里面的字符全部读出来
//获取section段的类型,输入类型对应的数值，返回字符串型的类型名
auto get_sh_type = [](int sh_type, string& sec_header_name) {
switch (sh_type) {
case SHT_NULL:
sec_header_name = "NULL";
break;
case SHT_PROGBITS:
sec_header_name = "PROGBITS";
break;
case SHT_SYMTAB:
sec_header_name = "SYMTAB";
break;
case SHT_STRTAB:
sec_header_name = "STRTAB";
break;
case SHT_RELA:
sec_header_name = "RELA";
break;
case SHT_HASH:
sec_header_name = "HASH";
break;
case SHT_DYNAMIC:
sec_header_name = "DYNAMIC";
break;
case SHT_NOTE:
sec_header_name = "NOTE";
break;
case SHT_NOBITS:
sec_header_name = "NOBITS";
break;
case SHT_REL:
sec_header_name = "REL";
break;
case SHT_SHLIB:
sec_header_name = "SHLIB";
break;
case SHT_DYNSYM:
sec_header_name = "DYNSYM";
break;
case SHT_INIT_ARRAY:
sec_header_name = "INIT_ARRAY";
break;
case SHT_FINI_ARRAY:
sec_header_name = "FINI_ARRAY";
break;
case SHT_PREINIT_ARRAY:
sec_header_name = "PREINIT_ARRAY";
break;
case SHT_GROUP:
sec_header_name = "GROUP";
break;
case SHT_SYMTAB_SHNDX:
sec_header_name = "SYMTAB_SHNDX";
break;
case SHT_NUM:
sec_header_name = "NUM";
break;
case SHT_GNU_HASH:
sec_header_name = "GNU_HASH";
break;
case SHT_GNU_versym:
sec_header_name = "VERSYM";
break;
case SHT_GNU_verneed:
sec_header_name = "VERNEED";
break;
default:
sec_header_name = "UnknownType";
}
};
//获取section段的标志flag,输入类型对应的数值，返回字符串型的flag
//因为可能同时满足多个flag，所以根据对应位是否为1来判断是否满足对应的flag满足就将flag字符串拼凑
auto get_sh_flags = [](unsigned int sh_flags, string& sec_header_name) {
if ((sh_flags & SHF_WRITE) >> 0)
sec_header_name += "W";
if ((sh_flags & SHF_ALLOC) >> 1)
sec_header_name += "A";
if ((sh_flags & SHF_EXECINSTR) >> 2)
sec_header_name += "X";
if ((sh_flags & SHF_MERGE) >> 4)
sec_header_name += "M";
if ((sh_flags & SHF_STRINGS) >> 5)
sec_header_name += "S";
if ((sh_flags & SHF_INFO_LINK) >> 6)
sec_header_name += "I";
if ((sh_flags & SHF_LINK_ORDER) >> 7)
sec_header_name += "L";
if ((sh_flags & SHF_OS_NONCONFORMING) >> 8)
sec_header_name += "O";
if ((sh_flags & SHF_GROUP) >> 9)
sec_header_name += "G";
if ((sh_flags & SHF_TLS) >> 10)
sec_header_name += "T";
if ((sh_flags & SHF_COMPRESSED) >> 11)
sec_header_name += "C";
//特殊flag因为对应的位和上面的flag对应的位不重叠，所以可以单独处理
switch (sh_flags) {
case SHF_MASKOS:
sec_header_name = "o";
break;
case SHF_MASKPROC:
sec_header_name = "p";
break;
case SHF_EXCLUDE:
sec_header_name = "E";
break;
}
};
printf(" [Nr]\tName\t\t\tType\t\tAddr\t\tOffset\t\tSize\t\t"
"EntSize\t\tFlags\tLink\tInfo\tAlign\n");
//遍历section_headers段表里的每个section,输出相应的信息
for (int i = 0; i < elf_header.e_shnum; i++) {
printf(" [%2d]\t", i);
printf("%-24s", &string_table[sec_headers[i].sh_name]);
string sh_type;
get_sh_type(sec_headers[i].sh_type, sh_type);
printf("%-16s", sh_type.data());
printf("0x%08lx\t", sec_headers[i].sh_addr);
printf("0x%08lx\t", sec_headers[i].sh_offset);
printf("0x%08lx\t", sec_headers[i].sh_size);
printf("0x%08lx\t", sec_headers[i].sh_entsize);
string sh_flags;
get_sh_flags(sec_headers[i].sh_flags, sh_flags);
printf("%-8s", sh_flags.data());
printf("%-8d", sec_headers[i].sh_link);
printf("%-8d", sec_headers[i].sh_info);
printf("%-8ld", sec_headers[i].sh_addralign);
printf("\n");
}
printf("Key to Flags:\n"
"\tW (write), A (alloc), X (execute), M (merge), S (strings), I (info),\n"
"\tL (link order), O (extra OS processing required), G (group), T (TLS),\n"
"\tC (compressed), x (unknown), o (OS specific), E (exclude),\n"
"\tl (large), p (processor specific)\n");
//释放堆内存
delete[] string_table;
delete[] sec_headers;
fclose(fp);
}
模仿readelf -s 的实现readelf_symbol.cpp
#include "header.h"
void readelf_s(const char* filename) {
FILE* fp;
Elf64_Ehdr elf_header;
fp = fopen(filename, "r");
if (fp == NULL) { exit(0); }
fread(&elf_header, sizeof(Elf64_Ehdr), 1, fp);
if (elf_header.e_ident[0] != 0x7f || elf_header.e_ident[1] != 'E') { exit(0); }
Elf64_Shdr* sec_headers = new Elf64_Shdr[elf_header.e_shnum];//存放每个section_header的数组
fseek(fp, elf_header.e_shoff, SEEK_SET);//移动指针到段表对应的偏移地址
fread(sec_headers, sizeof(Elf64_Shdr), elf_header.e_shnum, fp);//将段表数据读到开辟的数组sec_headers里
int str_tab_ind = elf_header.e_shstrndx;//获取字符串表.shstrtab在段表中的索引
fseek(fp, sec_headers[str_tab_ind].sh_offset, SEEK_SET);//移动指针到字符串表.shstrtab对应的偏移地址
char* string_table = new char[sec_headers[str_tab_ind].sh_size];//开辟堆内存用来存放字符串表.shstrtab
fread(string_table, 1, sec_headers[str_tab_ind].sh_size, fp);//将字符串表.shstrtab对应地址处的数据读到字符串数组里
int dynsym_ind = -1;//默认.dynsym符号表索引为-1
int symtab_ind = -1;//默认.symtab符号表索引为-1
int dynstr_ind = -1;//默认.dynstr字符串表索引为-1
int strtab_ind = -1;//默认.strtab字符串索引为-1
//遍历段表section_headers获取符号表.dynsym;.symtab;.dynstr;.strtab四张表在段表中的索引
for (int i = 0; i < elf_header.e_shnum; i++) {
if (sec_headers[i].sh_type == SHT_DYNSYM)//是.dynsym符号表
dynsym_ind = i;
else if (sec_headers[i].sh_type == SHT_SYMTAB)//是.symtab符号表
symtab_ind = i;
if (strcmp(&string_table[sec_headers[i].sh_name], ".strtab") == 0)//是.strtab字符串表
strtab_ind = i;
else if (strcmp(&string_table[sec_headers[i].sh_name], ".dynstr") == 0)//是.dynstr字符串表
dynstr_ind = i;
}
//获取符号表entry对应的st_info段，用来计算符号类型和绑定信息
auto get_st_info = [](unsigned int st_info, string& symbol_type, string& symbol_binding) {
unsigned char st_type = st_info & 0x0000000f;//低4位表示符号类型
unsigned char st_binding = (st_info & (~0x0000000f)) >> 4;//高28位表示符号绑定信息
switch (st_binding) {
case STB_LOCAL:
symbol_binding = "LOCAL";
break;
case STB_GLOBAL:
symbol_binding = "GLOBAL";
break;
case STB_WEAK:
symbol_binding = "WEAK";
break;
case STB_NUM:
symbol_binding = "NUM";
break;
case STB_LOOS:
symbol_binding = "LOOS";
break;
case STB_HIOS:
symbol_binding = "HIOS";
break;
case STB_LOPROC:
symbol_binding = "LOPROC";
break;
case STB_HIPROC:
symbol_binding = "HIPROC";
break;
default:
symbol_binding = "UnknownType";
}
switch (st_type) {
case STT_NOTYPE:
symbol_type = "NOTYPE";
break;
case STT_OBJECT:
symbol_type = "OBJECT";
break;
case STT_FUNC:
symbol_type = "FUNC";
break;
case STT_SECTION:
symbol_type = "SECTION";
break;
case STT_FILE:
symbol_type = "FILE";
break;
case STT_COMMON:
symbol_type = "COMMON";
break;
case STT_TLS:
symbol_type = "TLS";
break;
case STT_NUM:
symbol_type = "NUM";
break;
case STT_LOOS:
symbol_type = "LOOS";
break;
case STT_HIOS:
symbol_type = "HIOS";
break;
case STT_LOPROC:
symbol_type = "LOPROC";
break;
case STT_HIPROC:
symbol_type = "HIPROC";
break;
default:
symbol_type = "UnknownBinding";
}
};
//获取符号所在的段在段表的索引，并对特殊符号进行特殊处理
auto get_st_shndx = [](unsigned int st_shndx, string& Ndx) {
switch (st_shndx) {
case SHN_UNDEF:
Ndx = "UNDEF";break;
case SHN_COMMON:
Ndx = "COMMON";break;
case SHN_ABS:
Ndx = "ABS";break;
default:
Ndx = to_string(st_shndx);
}
};
//输出符号表信息，输入符号表在段表中的索引sym_ind，符号表entry数目entry_num，符号表对应的字符串表string_table
auto show_symbol_table = [&](int sym_ind, unsigned long entry_num, char* string_table) {
fseek(fp, sec_headers[sym_ind].sh_offset, SEEK_SET);//将指针移动到符号表对应的偏移地址
Elf64_Sym* sym_entries = new Elf64_Sym[entry_num];//开辟堆内存用来存储符号表中所有entry
fread(sym_entries, sizeof(Elf64_Sym), entry_num, fp);//读符号表
printf(" Num:\t\tValue\t\tSize\tType\tBind\tVis\t"
"Ndx\t\tName\n");
//遍历符号表里的每个entry，并且输出entry的信息
for (int i = 0; i < entry_num; i++) {
printf(" %3d:\t", i);
printf("0x%016lx:\t", sym_entries[i].st_value);
printf("%4ld\t", sym_entries[i].st_size);
string symbol_type;
string symbol_binding;
get_st_info(sym_entries[i].st_info, symbol_type, symbol_binding);
printf("%s\t", symbol_type.data());
printf("%s\t", symbol_binding.data());
printf("DEFAULT\t");
string Ndx;
get_st_shndx(sym_entries[i].st_shndx, Ndx);
printf("%4s\t", Ndx.data());
//根据entry的st_name属性在符号表对应的字符串表表里找到entry的name
printf("%s", &string_table[sym_entries[i].st_name]);
printf("\n");
}
//释放堆内存
delete[] sym_entries;
};
//如果.dynsym段存在,且.dynstr存在
if ((dynsym_ind != -1) && (dynstr_ind != -1)) {
//符号表大小sec_headers[dynsym_ind].sh_size每个entry大小sec_headers[dynsym_ind].sh_entsize
// 计算entry数目entry_num
unsigned long entry_num = sec_headers[dynsym_ind].sh_size / sec_headers[dynsym_ind].sh_entsize;
printf("Symbol table '.dynsym' contains %ld entries\n", entry_num);
fseek(fp, sec_headers[dynstr_ind].sh_offset, SEEK_SET);//将指针移动到.dynstr字符串表对应的偏移地址
//开辟堆内存用来存储字符串表
char* dynstr_string_table = new char[sec_headers[dynstr_ind].sh_size];
//将数据读到字符串表里
fread(dynstr_string_table, 1, sec_headers[dynstr_ind].sh_size, fp);
show_symbol_table(dynsym_ind, entry_num, dynstr_string_table);
//释放字符串表
delete[] dynstr_string_table;
} else {
printf("No Dynamic linker symbol table!\n");
}
printf("\n");
//如果.symtab段存在，且.strtab存在
if ((symtab_ind != -1) && (strtab_ind != -1)) {
unsigned long entry_num = sec_headers[symtab_ind].sh_size / sec_headers[symtab_ind].sh_entsize;
printf("Symbol table '.symtab' contains %ld entries\n", entry_num);
fseek(fp, sec_headers[strtab_ind].sh_offset, SEEK_SET);
char* strtab_string_table = new char[sec_headers[strtab_ind].sh_size];
fread(strtab_string_table, 1, sec_headers[strtab_ind].sh_size, fp);
show_symbol_table(symtab_ind, entry_num, strtab_string_table);
delete[] strtab_string_table;
} else {
printf("No symbol table!\n");
}
//释放
delete[] string_table;
delete[] sec_headers;
fclose(fp);
}
4.使用CMake-Make编译并执行
进入ELFReader所在目录执行如下命令即可
./ELFReader -h filename
./ELFReader -S filename
./ELFReader -s filename
其中filename是被解析的elf文件所在路径。
示例：
在build文件夹下执行cmake … 再make最后工程目录结构如下，ELFReader是elf文件解析器，libMylib.so共享库和helloworld可执行文件是待解析测试文件
.
├── build
│ ├── bin
│ │ ├── ELFReader
│ │ ├── helloworld
│ │ └── libMylib.so
......
├── CMakeLists.txt
├── readme.md
└── src
├── CMakeLists.txt
├── header.h
├── main.cpp
├── readefl_h.cpp
├── readelf_s.cpp
└── readelf_S.cpp
根目录CMakeLists.txt
cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.10)
project(ELFReader)
set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 11)
ADD_SUBDIRECTORY(./src)
src目录下CMakeLists.txt
cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.10)
SET(EXECUTABLE_OUTPUT_PATH ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/bin)
AUX_SOURCE_DIRECTORY(./ DIR_SRCS)
ADD_EXECUTABLE(ELFReader ${DIR_SRCS})
进入bin目录并执行
cd build/bin/
./ELFReader -h helloworld
输出：
ELF Header:
Magic: 7f 45 4c 46 02 01 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
Class: ELF64
Data: 2's complement, little endian
Version: 1 (current)
OS/ABI: UNIX System V ABI
ABI Version: 0
Type: DYN (Shared object file)
Machine: AMD x86-64 architecture
Version: 1
Entry point address: 0x00000000000010c0
Start of program headers: 64 (bytes into file)
Start of section headers: 36440 (bytes into file)
Flags: 0x0
Size of this header: 64 (bytes)
Size of program headers: 56 (bytes)
Number of program headers: 13
Size of section headers: 64 (bytes)
Number of section headers: 36
Section header string table index: 35
执行-S命令
./ELFReader -S helloworld
输出：
There are 36 section headers, starting at offset 0x8e58
Section Headers:
[Nr] Name Type Addr Offset Size EntSize Flags Link Info Align
[ 0] NULL 0x00000000 0x00000000 0x00000000 0x00000000 0 0 0
[ 1] .interp PROGBITS 0x00000318 0x00000318 0x0000001c 0x00000000 A 0 0 1
[ 2] .note.gnu.property NOTE 0x00000338 0x00000338 0x00000020 0x00000000 A 0 0 8
[ 3] .note.gnu.build-id NOTE 0x00000358 0x00000358 0x00000024 0x00000000 A 0 0 4
[ 4] .note.ABI-tag NOTE 0x0000037c 0x0000037c 0x00000020 0x00000000 A 0 0 4
[ 5] .gnu.hash GNU_HASH 0x000003a0 0x000003a0 0x00000028 0x00000000 A 6 0 8
[ 6] .dynsym DYNSYM 0x000003c8 0x000003c8 0x00000138 0x00000018 A 7 1 8
[ 7] .dynstr STRTAB 0x00000500 0x00000500 0x00000163 0x00000000 A 0 0 1
[ 8] .gnu.version VERSYM 0x00000664 0x00000664 0x0000001a 0x00000002 A 6 0 2
[ 9] .gnu.version_r VERNEED 0x00000680 0x00000680 0x00000040 0x00000000 A 7 2 8
[10] .rela.dyn RELA 0x000006c0 0x000006c0 0x00000120 0x00000018 A 6 0 8
[11] .rela.plt RELA 0x000007e0 0x000007e0 0x00000060 0x00000018 AI 6 24 8
[12] .init PROGBITS 0x00001000 0x00001000 0x0000001b 0x00000000 AX 0 0 4
[13] .plt PROGBITS 0x00001020 0x00001020 0x00000050 0x00000010 AX 0 0 16
[14] .plt.got PROGBITS 0x00001070 0x00001070 0x00000010 0x00000010 AX 0 0 16
[15] .plt.sec PROGBITS 0x00001080 0x00001080 0x00000040 0x00000010 AX 0 0 16
[16] .text PROGBITS 0x000010c0 0x000010c0 0x00000205 0x00000000 AX 0 0 16
[17] .fini PROGBITS 0x000012c8 0x000012c8 0x0000000d 0x00000000 AX 0 0 4
[18] .rodata PROGBITS 0x00002000 0x00002000 0x00000013 0x00000000 A 0 0 4
[19] .eh_frame_hdr PROGBITS 0x00002014 0x00002014 0x00000054 0x00000000 A 0 0 4
[20] .eh_frame PROGBITS 0x00002068 0x00002068 0x00000148 0x00000000 A 0 0 8
[21] .init_array INIT_ARRAY 0x00003d78 0x00002d78 0x00000010 0x00000008 WA 0 0 8
[22] .fini_array FINI_ARRAY 0x00003d88 0x00002d88 0x00000008 0x00000008 WA 0 0 8
[23] .dynamic DYNAMIC 0x00003d90 0x00002d90 0x00000200 0x00000010 WA 7 0 8
[24] .got PROGBITS 0x00003f90 0x00002f90 0x00000070 0x00000008 WA 0 0 8
[25] .data PROGBITS 0x00004000 0x00003000 0x00000010 0x00000000 WA 0 0 8
[26] .bss NOBITS 0x00004040 0x00003010 0x00000118 0x00000000 WA 0 0 64
[27] .comment PROGBITS 0x00000000 0x00003010 0x0000002a 0x00000001 MS 0 0 1
[28] .debug_aranges PROGBITS 0x00000000 0x0000303a 0x00000030 0x00000000 0 0 1
[29] .debug_info PROGBITS 0x00000000 0x0000306a 0x00002c34 0x00000000 0 0 1
[30] .debug_abbrev PROGBITS 0x00000000 0x00005c9e 0x00000649 0x00000000 0 0 1
[31] .debug_line PROGBITS 0x00000000 0x000062e7 0x00000406 0x00000000 0 0 1
[32] .debug_str PROGBITS 0x00000000 0x000066ed 0x00001b08 0x00000001 MS 0 0 1
[33] .symtab SYMTAB 0x00000000 0x000081f8 0x00000780 0x00000018 34 55 8
[34] .strtab STRTAB 0x00000000 0x00008978 0x00000381 0x00000000 0 0 1
[35] .shstrtab STRTAB 0x00000000 0x00008cf9 0x0000015a 0x00000000 0 0 1
Key to Flags:
W (write), A (alloc), X (execute), M (merge), S (strings), I (info),
L (link order), O (extra OS processing required), G (group), T (TLS),
C (compressed), x (unknown), o (OS specific), E (exclude),
l (large), p (processor specific)
执行-s命令
./ELFReader -s helloworld
输出:
Symbol table '.dynsym' contains 13 entries
Num: Value Size Type Bind Vis Ndx Name
0: 0x0000000000000000: 0 NOTYPE LOCAL DEFAULT UNDEF
1: 0x0000000000000000: 0 FUNC GLOBAL DEFAULT UNDEF _ZSt4endlIcSt11char_traitsIcEERSt13basic_ostreamIT_T0_ES6_
2: 0x0000000000000000: 0 FUNC GLOBAL DEFAULT UNDEF __cxa_atexit
3: 0x0000000000000000: 0 FUNC GLOBAL DEFAULT UNDEF _ZStlsISt11char_traitsIcEERSt13basic_ostreamIcT_ES5_PKc
4: 0x0000000000000000: 0 FUNC GLOBAL DEFAULT UNDEF _ZNSolsEPFRSoS_E
5: 0x0000000000000000: 0 FUNC GLOBAL DEFAULT UNDEF _ZNSt8ios_base4InitC1Ev
6: 0x0000000000000000: 0 NOTYPE WEAK DEFAULT UNDEF _ITM_deregisterTMCloneTable
7: 0x0000000000000000: 0 FUNC GLOBAL DEFAULT UNDEF __libc_start_main
8: 0x0000000000000000: 0 NOTYPE WEAK DEFAULT UNDEF __gmon_start__
9: 0x0000000000000000: 0 NOTYPE WEAK DEFAULT UNDEF _ITM_registerTMCloneTable
10: 0x0000000000000000: 0 FUNC GLOBAL DEFAULT UNDEF _ZNSt8ios_base4InitD1Ev
11: 0x0000000000000000: 0 FUNC WEAK DEFAULT UNDEF __cxa_finalize
12: 0x0000000000004040: 272 OBJECT GLOBAL DEFAULT 26 _ZSt4cout
Symbol table '.symtab' contains 80 entries
Num: Value Size Type Bind Vis Ndx Name
0: 0x0000000000000000: 0 NOTYPE LOCAL DEFAULT UNDEF
1: 0x0000000000000318: 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 1
2: 0x0000000000000338: 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 2
3: 0x0000000000000358: 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 3
4: 0x000000000000037c: 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 4
5: 0x00000000000003a0: 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 5
6: 0x00000000000003c8: 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 6
7: 0x0000000000000500: 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 7
8: 0x0000000000000664: 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 8
9: 0x0000000000000680: 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 9
10: 0x00000000000006c0: 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 10
11: 0x00000000000007e0: 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 11
12: 0x0000000000001000: 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 12
13: 0x0000000000001020: 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 13
14: 0x0000000000001070: 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 14
15: 0x0000000000001080: 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 15
16: 0x00000000000010c0: 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 16
17: 0x00000000000012c8: 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 17
18: 0x0000000000002000: 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 18
19: 0x0000000000002014: 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 19
20: 0x0000000000002068: 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 20
21: 0x0000000000003d78: 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 21
22: 0x0000000000003d88: 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 22
23: 0x0000000000003d90: 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 23
24: 0x0000000000003f90: 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 24
25: 0x0000000000004000: 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 25
26: 0x0000000000004040: 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 26
27: 0x0000000000000000: 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 27
28: 0x0000000000000000: 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 28
29: 0x0000000000000000: 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 29
30: 0x0000000000000000: 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 30
31: 0x0000000000000000: 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 31
32: 0x0000000000000000: 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 32
33: 0x0000000000000000: 0 FILE LOCAL DEFAULT ABS crtstuff.c
34: 0x00000000000010f0: 0 FUNC LOCAL DEFAULT 16 deregister_tm_clones
35: 0x0000000000001120: 0 FUNC LOCAL DEFAULT 16 register_tm_clones
36: 0x0000000000001160: 0 FUNC LOCAL DEFAULT 16 __do_global_dtors_aux
37: 0x0000000000004150: 1 OBJECT LOCAL DEFAULT 26 completed.8060
38: 0x0000000000003d88: 0 OBJECT LOCAL DEFAULT 22 __do_global_dtors_aux_fini_array_entry
39: 0x00000000000011a0: 0 FUNC LOCAL DEFAULT 16 frame_dummy
40: 0x0000000000003d78: 0 OBJECT LOCAL DEFAULT 21 __frame_dummy_init_array_entry
41: 0x0000000000000000: 0 FILE LOCAL DEFAULT ABS main.cpp
42: 0x0000000000002004: 1 OBJECT LOCAL DEFAULT 18 _ZStL19piecewise_construct
43: 0x0000000000004151: 1 OBJECT LOCAL DEFAULT 26 _ZStL8__ioinit
44: 0x00000000000011e0: 77 FUNC LOCAL DEFAULT 16 _Z41__static_initialization_and_destruction_0ii
45: 0x000000000000122d: 25 FUNC LOCAL DEFAULT 16 _GLOBAL__sub_I_main
46: 0x0000000000000000: 0 FILE LOCAL DEFAULT ABS crtstuff.c
47: 0x00000000000021ac: 0 OBJECT LOCAL DEFAULT 20 __FRAME_END__
48: 0x0000000000000000: 0 FILE LOCAL DEFAULT ABS
49: 0x0000000000002014: 0 NOTYPE LOCAL DEFAULT 19 __GNU_EH_FRAME_HDR
50: 0x0000000000001000: 0 FUNC LOCAL DEFAULT 12 _init
51: 0x0000000000003d90: 0 OBJECT LOCAL DEFAULT 23 _DYNAMIC
52: 0x0000000000003d88: 0 NOTYPE LOCAL DEFAULT 21 __init_array_end
53: 0x0000000000003d78: 0 NOTYPE LOCAL DEFAULT 21 __init_array_start
54: 0x0000000000003f90: 0 OBJECT LOCAL DEFAULT 24 _GLOBAL_OFFSET_TABLE_
55: 0x0000000000004010: 0 NOTYPE GLOBAL DEFAULT 25 _edata
56: 0x0000000000004000: 0 NOTYPE WEAK DEFAULT 25 data_start
57: 0x0000000000002000: 4 OBJECT GLOBAL DEFAULT 18 _IO_stdin_used
58: 0x0000000000000000: 0 FUNC WEAK DEFAULT UNDEF __cxa_finalize@@GLIBC_2.2.5
59: 0x00000000000011a9: 55 FUNC GLOBAL DEFAULT 16 main
60: 0x0000000000000000: 0 FUNC GLOBAL DEFAULT UNDEF _ZSt4endlIcSt11char_traitsIcEERSt13basic_ostreamIT_T0_ES6_@@GLIBCXX_3.4
61: 0x0000000000004008: 0 OBJECT GLOBAL DEFAULT 25 __dso_handle
62: 0x00000000000012c8: 0 FUNC GLOBAL DEFAULT 17 _fini
63: 0x0000000000000000: 0 FUNC GLOBAL DEFAULT UNDEF __cxa_atexit@@GLIBC_2.2.5
64: 0x00000000000010c0: 47 FUNC GLOBAL DEFAULT 16 _start
65: 0x0000000000000000: 0 FUNC GLOBAL DEFAULT UNDEF _ZStlsISt11char_traitsIcEERSt13basic_ostreamIcT_ES5_PKc@@GLIBCXX_3.4
66: 0x0000000000000000: 0 FUNC GLOBAL DEFAULT UNDEF _ZNSolsEPFRSoS_E@@GLIBCXX_3.4
67: 0x0000000000004010: 0 OBJECT GLOBAL DEFAULT 25 __TMC_END__
68: 0x0000000000004040: 272 OBJECT GLOBAL DEFAULT 26 _ZSt4cout@@GLIBCXX_3.4
69: 0x0000000000004000: 0 NOTYPE GLOBAL DEFAULT 25 __data_start
70: 0x0000000000004158: 0 NOTYPE GLOBAL DEFAULT 26 _end
71: 0x0000000000004010: 0 NOTYPE GLOBAL DEFAULT 26 __bss_start
72: 0x0000000000000000: 0 FUNC GLOBAL DEFAULT UNDEF _ZNSt8ios_base4InitC1Ev@@GLIBCXX_3.4
73: 0x0000000000001250: 101 FUNC GLOBAL DEFAULT 16 __libc_csu_init
74: 0x0000000000000000: 0 NOTYPE WEAK DEFAULT UNDEF _ITM_deregisterTMCloneTable
75: 0x00000000000012c0: 5 FUNC GLOBAL DEFAULT 16 __libc_csu_fini
76: 0x0000000000000000: 0 FUNC GLOBAL DEFAULT UNDEF __libc_start_main@@GLIBC_2.2.5
77: 0x0000000000000000: 0 NOTYPE WEAK DEFAULT UNDEF __gmon_start__
78: 0x0000000000000000: 0 NOTYPE WEAK DEFAULT UNDEF _ITM_registerTMCloneTable
79: 0x0000000000000000: 0 FUNC GLOBAL DEFAULT UNDEF _ZNSt8ios_base4InitD1Ev@@GLIBCXX_3.4
参考文章
ELF文件结构描述 - yooooooo - 博客园 (cnblogs.com)
Linux系统中编译、链接的基石-ELF文件：扒开它的层层外衣，从字节码的粒度来探索 (qq.com)
C/C++ 实现ELF结构解析工具 - lyshark - 博客园 (cnblogs.com)
C语言实现ELF文件解析_Yuhan的博客-CSDN博客_elf文件读取
《程序员的自我修养——链接、装载与库》俞甲子，石凡，潘爱民
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