Java的Object类常用方法浅解

最新推荐文章于 2022-08-03 11:57:33 发布

Wizard Rubick

最新推荐文章于 2022-08-03 11:57:33 发布

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转载:https://blog.csdn.net/xu511739113/article/details/52328727

我们知道所有的类都隐式继承Object，即Object类位于继承树最顶层，我们来看一下它的常用方法

1. finalize()

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/**
* Called by the garbage collector on an object when garbage collection
* determines that there are no more references to the object.
* A subclass overrides the {@code finalize} method to dispose of
* system resources or to perform other cleanup.
*
* The general contract of {@code finalize} is that it is invoked
* if and when the Java™ virtual
* machine has determined that there is no longer any
* means by which this object can be accessed by any thread that has
* not yet died, except as a result of an action taken by the
* finalization of some other object or class which is ready to be
* finalized. The {@code finalize} method may take any action, including
* making this object available again to other threads; the usual purpose
* of {@code finalize}, however, is to perform cleanup actions before
* the object is irrevocably discarded. For example, the finalize method
* for an object that represents an input/output connection might perform
* explicit I/O transactions to break the connection before the object is
* permanently discarded.
*
* The {@code finalize} method of class {@code Object} performs no
* special action; it simply returns normally. Subclasses of
* {@code Object} may override this definition.
*
* The Java programming language does not guarantee which thread will
* invoke the {@code finalize} method for any given object. It is
* guaranteed, however, that the thread that invokes finalize will not
* be holding any user-visible synchronization locks when finalize is
* invoked. If an uncaught exception is thrown by the finalize method,
* the exception is ignored and finalization of that object terminates.
*
* After the {@code finalize} method has been invoked for an object, no
* further action is taken until the Java virtual machine has again
* determined that there is no longer any means by which this object can
* be accessed by any thread that has not yet died, including possible
* actions by other objects or classes which are ready to be finalized,
* at which point the object may be discarded.
*
* The {@code finalize} method is never invoked more than once by a Java
* virtual machine for any given object.
*
* Any exception thrown by the {@code finalize} method causes
* the finalization of this object to be halted, but is otherwise
* ignored.
*
* @throws Throwable the {@code Exception} raised by this method
* @see java.lang.ref.WeakReference
* @see java.lang.ref.PhantomReference
* @jls 12.6 Finalization of Class Instances
*/
protected void finalize() throws Throwable { }

 /**
     * Called by the garbage collector on an object when garbage collection
     * determines that there are no more references to the object.
     * A subclass overrides the {@code finalize} method to dispose of
     * system resources or to perform other cleanup.
     * <p>
     * The general contract of {@code finalize} is that it is invoked
     * if and when the Java™ virtual
     * machine has determined that there is no longer any
     * means by which this object can be accessed by any thread that has
     * not yet died, except as a result of an action taken by the
     * finalization of some other object or class which is ready to be
     * finalized. The {@code finalize} method may take any action, including
     * making this object available again to other threads; the usual purpose
     * of {@code finalize}, however, is to perform cleanup actions before
     * the object is irrevocably discarded. For example, the finalize method
     * for an object that represents an input/output connection might perform
     * explicit I/O transactions to break the connection before the object is
     * permanently discarded.
     * <p>
     * The {@code finalize} method of class {@code Object} performs no
     * special action; it simply returns normally. Subclasses of
     * {@code Object} may override this definition.
     * <p>
     * The Java programming language does not guarantee which thread will
     * invoke the {@code finalize} method for any given object. It is
     * guaranteed, however, that the thread that invokes finalize will not
     * be holding any user-visible synchronization locks when finalize is
     * invoked. If an uncaught exception is thrown by the finalize method,
     * the exception is ignored and finalization of that object terminates.
     * <p>
     * After the {@code finalize} method has been invoked for an object, no
     * further action is taken until the Java virtual machine has again
     * determined that there is no longer any means by which this object can
     * be accessed by any thread that has not yet died, including possible
     * actions by other objects or classes which are ready to be finalized,
     * at which point the object may be discarded.
     * <p>
     * The {@code finalize} method is never invoked more than once by a Java
     * virtual machine for any given object.
     * <p>
     * Any exception thrown by the {@code finalize} method causes
     * the finalization of this object to be halted, but is otherwise
     * ignored.
     *
     * @throws Throwable the {@code Exception} raised by this method
     * @see java.lang.ref.WeakReference
     * @see java.lang.ref.PhantomReference
     * @jls 12.6 Finalization of Class Instances
     */
    protected void finalize() throws Throwable { }

finalize会在对象被垃圾回收时由垃圾回收器调用，垃圾对象是指没有引用指向的对象

1）JVM的垃圾回收是”最少回收”方式，只有当内存不够的时候才会进行垃圾回收

2）如果调用System.gc() 这个方法，只是告诉JVM 希望这里进行垃圾回收，但是具体什么时候回收还需要看JVM的运行状态，且System.gc()对资源还是有一定消耗，如果盲目的运用System.gc()这个方法，反而效率还会下降，看场景适用；

2.getClass()

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/**
* Returns the runtime class of this {@code Object}. The returned
* {@code Class} object is the object that is locked by {@code
* static synchronized} methods of the represented class.
*
* The actual result type is {@code Class<? extends |X|>}
* where {@code |X|} is the erasure of the static type of the
* expression on which {@code getClass} is called. For
* example, no cast is required in this code fragment:
*
*
* {@code Number n = 0; }
* {@code Class<? extends Number> c = n.getClass(); }
*
*
* @return The {@code Class} object that represents the runtime
* class of this object.
* @jls 15.8.2 Class Literals
*/
public final native Class<?> getClass();

/**
     * Returns the runtime class of this {@code Object}. The returned
     * {@code Class} object is the object that is locked by {@code
     * static synchronized} methods of the represented class.
     *
     * <p><b>The actual result type is {@code Class<? extends |X|>}
     * where {@code |X|} is the erasure of the static type of the
     * expression on which {@code getClass} is called.</b> For
     * example, no cast is required in this code fragment:</p>
     *
     * <p>
     * {@code Number n = 0;                             }<br>
     * {@code Class<? extends Number> c = n.getClass(); }
     * </p>
     *
     * @return The {@code Class} object that represents the runtime
     *         class of this object.
     * @jls 15.8.2 Class Literals
     */
    public final native Class<?> getClass();

这个方法是返回对象的实际类型，我们看个例子

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public class TestReflect {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Object object = new Object();
System.out.println(object.getClass());
}
}

public class TestReflect {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Object object = new Object();
        System.out.println(object.getClass());
    }
}

运行结果

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class java.lang.Object

class java.lang.Object

3.equals()

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*
* @param obj the reference object with which to compare.
* @return {@code true} if this object is the same as the obj
* argument; {@code false} otherwise.
* @see #hashCode()
* @see java.util.HashMap
*/
public boolean equals(Object obj) {
return (this == obj);
}

*
     * @param   obj   the reference object with which to compare.
     * @return  {@code true} if this object is the same as the obj
     *          argument; {@code false} otherwise.
     * @see     #hashCode()
     * @see     java.util.HashMap
     */
    public boolean equals(Object obj) {
        return (this == obj);
    }

我们可以看到，其实在Object的equals实现其实就是用 == 判断的其实是地址，而我们常用的一些例如String 需要判断的其实是它的值，所以说这些类肯定重写了equals方法，我们看一下源码。

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public final class String
implements java.io.Serializable, Comparable<String>, CharSequence {

public final class String
    implements java.io.Serializable, Comparable<String>, CharSequence {

这个是String 的代码

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/**
* Compares this string to the specified object. The result is {@code
* true} if and only if the argument is not {@code null} and is a {@code
* String} object that represents the same sequence of characters as this
* object.
*
* @param anObject
* The object to compare this {@code String} against
*
* @return {@code true} if the given object represents a {@code String}
* equivalent to this string, {@code false} otherwise
*
* @see #compareTo(String)
* @see #equalsIgnoreCase(String)
*/
public boolean equals(Object anObject) {
if (this == anObject) {
return true;
}
if (anObject instanceof String) {
String anotherString = (String)anObject;
int n = value.length;
if (n == anotherString.value.length) {
char v1[] = value;
char v2[] = anotherString.value;
int i = 0;
while (n– != 0) {
if (v1[i] != v2[i])
return false;
i++;
}
return true;
}
}
return false;
}

 /**
     * Compares this string to the specified object.  The result is {@code
     * true} if and only if the argument is not {@code null} and is a {@code
     * String} object that represents the same sequence of characters as this
     * object.
     *
     * @param  anObject
     *         The object to compare this {@code String} against
     *
     * @return  {@code true} if the given object represents a {@code String}
     *          equivalent to this string, {@code false} otherwise
     *
     * @see  #compareTo(String)
     * @see  #equalsIgnoreCase(String)
     */
    public boolean equals(Object anObject) {
        if (this == anObject) {
            return true;
        }
        if (anObject instanceof String) {
            String anotherString = (String)anObject;
            int n = value.length;
            if (n == anotherString.value.length) {
                char v1[] = value;
                char v2[] = anotherString.value;
                int i = 0;
                while (n-- != 0) {
                    if (v1[i] != v2[i])
                        return false;
                    i++;
                }
                return true;
            }
        }
        return false;
    }

如果以后我们需要用equals判断值，可以重写这个方法。

3.toString()

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/**
* Returns a string representation of the object. In general, the
* {@code toString} method returns a string that
* “textually represents” this object. The result should
* be a concise but informative representation that is easy for a
* person to read.
* It is recommended that all subclasses override this method.
*
* The {@code toString} method for class {@code Object}
* returns a string consisting of the name of the class of which the
* object is an instance, the at-sign character `{@code @}’, and
* the unsigned hexadecimal representation of the hash code of the
* object. In other words, this method returns a string equal to the
* value of:
* <blockquote>
* <pre>
* getClass().getName() + ’@’ + Integer.toHexString(hashCode())
* </pre></blockquote>
*
* @return a string representation of the object.
*/
public String toString() {
return getClass().getName() + “@” + Integer.toHexString(hashCode());
}

/**
     * Returns a string representation of the object. In general, the
     * {@code toString} method returns a string that
     * "textually represents" this object. The result should
     * be a concise but informative representation that is easy for a
     * person to read.
     * It is recommended that all subclasses override this method.
     * <p>
     * The {@code toString} method for class {@code Object}
     * returns a string consisting of the name of the class of which the
     * object is an instance, the at-sign character `{@code @}', and
     * the unsigned hexadecimal representation of the hash code of the
     * object. In other words, this method returns a string equal to the
     * value of:
     * <blockquote>
     * <pre>
     * getClass().getName() + '@' + Integer.toHexString(hashCode())
     * </pre></blockquote>
     *
     * @return  a string representation of the object.
     */
    public String toString() {
        return getClass().getName() + "@" + Integer.toHexString(hashCode());
    }

返回的其实就是类名 @ 内存地址

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public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println(new Object().toString());
}

public static void main(String[] args) {
    System.out.println(new Object().toString());
}

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运行结果

运行结果

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java.lang.Object@368102c8

java.lang.Object@368102c8

一般的javaBean 我们都是用IDE 例如eclipse 这些工具来生成toString 来重写Object的方法

Wizard Rubick

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Java的Object类常用方法浅解

转载:https://blog.csdn.net/xu511739113/article/details/52328727我们知道所有的类都隐式继承Object，即Object类位于继承树最顶层，我们来看一下它的常用方法1. finalize()[java] view plain copy print?/**&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;*&nbsp;...
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