转载:https://blog.csdn.net/xu511739113/article/details/52328727
我们知道所有的类都隐式继承Object，即Object类位于继承树最顶层，我们来看一下它的常用方法
1. finalize()
- /**
- * Called by the garbage collector on an object when garbage collection
- * determines that there are no more references to the object.
- * A subclass overrides the {@code finalize} method to dispose of
- * system resources or to perform other cleanup.
- * <p>
- * The general contract of {@code finalize} is that it is invoked
- * if and when the Java™ virtual
- * machine has determined that there is no longer any
- * means by which this object can be accessed by any thread that has
- * not yet died, except as a result of an action taken by the
- * finalization of some other object or class which is ready to be
- * finalized. The {@code finalize} method may take any action, including
- * making this object available again to other threads; the usual purpose
- * of {@code finalize}, however, is to perform cleanup actions before
- * the object is irrevocably discarded. For example, the finalize method
- * for an object that represents an input/output connection might perform
- * explicit I/O transactions to break the connection before the object is
- * permanently discarded.
- * <p>
- * The {@code finalize} method of class {@code Object} performs no
- * special action; it simply returns normally. Subclasses of
- * {@code Object} may override this definition.
- * <p>
- * The Java programming language does not guarantee which thread will
- * invoke the {@code finalize} method for any given object. It is
- * guaranteed, however, that the thread that invokes finalize will not
- * be holding any user-visible synchronization locks when finalize is
- * invoked. If an uncaught exception is thrown by the finalize method,
- * the exception is ignored and finalization of that object terminates.
- * <p>
- * After the {@code finalize} method has been invoked for an object, no
- * further action is taken until the Java virtual machine has again
- * determined that there is no longer any means by which this object can
- * be accessed by any thread that has not yet died, including possible
- * actions by other objects or classes which are ready to be finalized,
- * at which point the object may be discarded.
- * <p>
- * The {@code finalize} method is never invoked more than once by a Java
- * virtual machine for any given object.
- * <p>
- * Any exception thrown by the {@code finalize} method causes
- * the finalization of this object to be halted, but is otherwise
- * ignored.
- *
- * @throws Throwable the {@code Exception} raised by this method
- * @see java.lang.ref.WeakReference
- * @see java.lang.ref.PhantomReference
- * @jls 12.6 Finalization of Class Instances
- */
- protected void finalize() throws Throwable { }
/**
* Called by the garbage collector on an object when garbage collection
* determines that there are no more references to the object.
* A subclass overrides the {@code finalize} method to dispose of
* system resources or to perform other cleanup.
* <p>
* The general contract of {@code finalize} is that it is invoked
* if and when the Java™ virtual
* machine has determined that there is no longer any
* means by which this object can be accessed by any thread that has
* not yet died, except as a result of an action taken by the
* finalization of some other object or class which is ready to be
* finalized. The {@code finalize} method may take any action, including
* making this object available again to other threads; the usual purpose
* of {@code finalize}, however, is to perform cleanup actions before
* the object is irrevocably discarded. For example, the finalize method
* for an object that represents an input/output connection might perform
* explicit I/O transactions to break the connection before the object is
* permanently discarded.
* <p>
* The {@code finalize} method of class {@code Object} performs no
* special action; it simply returns normally. Subclasses of
* {@code Object} may override this definition.
* <p>
* The Java programming language does not guarantee which thread will
* invoke the {@code finalize} method for any given object. It is
* guaranteed, however, that the thread that invokes finalize will not
* be holding any user-visible synchronization locks when finalize is
* invoked. If an uncaught exception is thrown by the finalize method,
* the exception is ignored and finalization of that object terminates.
* <p>
* After the {@code finalize} method has been invoked for an object, no
* further action is taken until the Java virtual machine has again
* determined that there is no longer any means by which this object can
* be accessed by any thread that has not yet died, including possible
* actions by other objects or classes which are ready to be finalized,
* at which point the object may be discarded.
* <p>
* The {@code finalize} method is never invoked more than once by a Java
* virtual machine for any given object.
* <p>
* Any exception thrown by the {@code finalize} method causes
* the finalization of this object to be halted, but is otherwise
* ignored.
*
* @throws Throwable the {@code Exception} raised by this method
* @see java.lang.ref.WeakReference
* @see java.lang.ref.PhantomReference
* @jls 12.6 Finalization of Class Instances
*/
protected void finalize() throws Throwable { }1）JVM的垃圾回收是”最少回收”方式，只有当内存不够的时候才会进行垃圾回收
2）如果调用System.gc() 这个方法，只是告诉JVM 希望这里进行垃圾回收，但是具体什么时候回收还需要看JVM的运行状态，且System.gc()对资源还是有一定消耗，如果盲目的运用System.gc()这个方法，反而效率还会下降，看场景适用；
2.getClass()
- /**
- * Returns the runtime class of this {@code Object}. The returned
- * {@code Class} object is the object that is locked by {@code
- * static synchronized} methods of the represented class.
- *
- * <p><b>The actual result type is {@code Class<? extends |X|>}
- * where {@code |X|} is the erasure of the static type of the
- * expression on which {@code getClass} is called.</b> For
- * example, no cast is required in this code fragment:</p>
- *
- * <p>
- * {@code Number n = 0; }<br>
- * {@code Class<? extends Number> c = n.getClass(); }
- * </p>
- *
- * @return The {@code Class} object that represents the runtime
- * class of this object.
- * @jls 15.8.2 Class Literals
- */
- public final native Class<?> getClass();
/**
* Returns the runtime class of this {@code Object}. The returned
* {@code Class} object is the object that is locked by {@code
* static synchronized} methods of the represented class.
*
* <p><b>The actual result type is {@code Class<? extends |X|>}
* where {@code |X|} is the erasure of the static type of the
* expression on which {@code getClass} is called.</b> For
* example, no cast is required in this code fragment:</p>
*
* <p>
* {@code Number n = 0; }<br>
* {@code Class<? extends Number> c = n.getClass(); }
* </p>
*
* @return The {@code Class} object that represents the runtime
* class of this object.
* @jls 15.8.2 Class Literals
*/
public final native Class<?> getClass();这个方法是返回对象的实际类型，我们看个例子
- public class TestReflect {
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- Object object = new Object();
- System.out.println(object.getClass());
- }
- }
public class TestReflect {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Object object = new Object();
System.out.println(object.getClass());
}
}- class java.lang.Object
class java.lang.Object- *
- * @param obj the reference object with which to compare.
- * @return {@code true} if this object is the same as the obj
- * argument; {@code false} otherwise.
- * @see #hashCode()
- * @see java.util.HashMap
- */
- public boolean equals(Object obj) {
- return (this == obj);
- }
*
* @param obj the reference object with which to compare.
* @return {@code true} if this object is the same as the obj
* argument; {@code false} otherwise.
* @see #hashCode()
* @see java.util.HashMap
*/
public boolean equals(Object obj) {
return (this == obj);
}- public final class String
- implements java.io.Serializable, Comparable<String>, CharSequence {
public final class String
implements java.io.Serializable, Comparable<String>, CharSequence {- /**
- * Compares this string to the specified object. The result is {@code
- * true} if and only if the argument is not {@code null} and is a {@code
- * String} object that represents the same sequence of characters as this
- * object.
- *
- * @param anObject
- * The object to compare this {@code String} against
- *
- * @return {@code true} if the given object represents a {@code String}
- * equivalent to this string, {@code false} otherwise
- *
- * @see #compareTo(String)
- * @see #equalsIgnoreCase(String)
- */
- public boolean equals(Object anObject) {
- if (this == anObject) {
- return true;
- }
- if (anObject instanceof String) {
- String anotherString = (String)anObject;
- int n = value.length;
- if (n == anotherString.value.length) {
- char v1[] = value;
- char v2[] = anotherString.value;
- int i = 0;
- while (n– != 0) {
- if (v1[i] != v2[i])
- return false;
- i++;
- }
- return true;
- }
- }
- return false;
- }
/**
* Compares this string to the specified object. The result is {@code
* true} if and only if the argument is not {@code null} and is a {@code
* String} object that represents the same sequence of characters as this
* object.
*
* @param anObject
* The object to compare this {@code String} against
*
* @return {@code true} if the given object represents a {@code String}
* equivalent to this string, {@code false} otherwise
*
* @see #compareTo(String)
* @see #equalsIgnoreCase(String)
*/
public boolean equals(Object anObject) {
if (this == anObject) {
return true;
}
if (anObject instanceof String) {
String anotherString = (String)anObject;
int n = value.length;
if (n == anotherString.value.length) {
char v1[] = value;
char v2[] = anotherString.value;
int i = 0;
while (n-- != 0) {
if (v1[i] != v2[i])
return false;
i++;
}
return true;
}
}
return false;
}3.toString()
- /**
- * Returns a string representation of the object. In general, the
- * {@code toString} method returns a string that
- * “textually represents” this object. The result should
- * be a concise but informative representation that is easy for a
- * person to read.
- * It is recommended that all subclasses override this method.
- * <p>
- * The {@code toString} method for class {@code Object}
- * returns a string consisting of the name of the class of which the
- * object is an instance, the at-sign character `{@code @}’, and
- * the unsigned hexadecimal representation of the hash code of the
- * object. In other words, this method returns a string equal to the
- * value of:
- * <blockquote>
- * <pre>
- * getClass().getName() + ’@’ + Integer.toHexString(hashCode())
- * </pre></blockquote>
- *
- * @return a string representation of the object.
- */
- public String toString() {
- return getClass().getName() + “@” + Integer.toHexString(hashCode());
- }
/**
* Returns a string representation of the object. In general, the
* {@code toString} method returns a string that
* "textually represents" this object. The result should
* be a concise but informative representation that is easy for a
* person to read.
* It is recommended that all subclasses override this method.
* <p>
* The {@code toString} method for class {@code Object}
* returns a string consisting of the name of the class of which the
* object is an instance, the at-sign character `{@code @}', and
* the unsigned hexadecimal representation of the hash code of the
* object. In other words, this method returns a string equal to the
* value of:
* <blockquote>
* <pre>
* getClass().getName() + '@' + Integer.toHexString(hashCode())
* </pre></blockquote>
*
* @return a string representation of the object.
*/
public String toString() {
return getClass().getName() + "@" + Integer.toHexString(hashCode());
}返回的其实就是 类名 @ 内存地址
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- System.out.println(new Object().toString());
- }
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println(new Object().toString());
}- 运行结果
运行结果- java.lang.Object@368102c8
java.lang.Object@368102c8
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