数据库中的集合运算

1. 并集：UNION/UNION ALL

   union:返回两个集合去掉重复元素后的所有记录
   	SELECT E.* FROM EMP E,SALGRADE S WHERE S.GRADE = 1 AND E.SAL BETWEEN S.LOSAL AND S.HISAL
   	UNION
   	SELECT E.* FROM EMP E,SALGRADE S WHERE S.GRADE = 2 AND E.SAL BETWEEN S.LOSAL AND S.HISAL;
   

   union all:返回两个集合的所有记录,包括重复的
   	SELECT E.* FROM EMP E,SALGRADE S WHERE S.GRADE = 1 AND E.SAL BETWEEN S.LOSAL AND S.HISAL
   	UNION ALL
   	SELECT E.* FROM EMP E,SALGRADE S WHERE S.GRADE = 2 AND E.SAL BETWEEN S.LOSAL AND S.HISAL;
   

2. 交集：INTERSECT

   intersect:返回同时属于两个集合的记录
   		SELECT E.* FROM EMP E,SALGRADE S WHERE S.GRADE = 1 AND E.SAL BETWEEN S.LOSAL AND S.HISAL
   		INTERSECT
   		SELECT E.* FROM EMP E,SALGRADE S WHERE S.GRADE = 2 AND E.SAL BETWEEN S.LOSAL AND S.HISAL;
   

3. 差集：MINUX

   minux:返回属于第一个集合,但不属于第二个集合的记录
   	SELECT E.* FROM EMP E,SALGRADE S WHERE S.GRADE = 1 AND E.SAL BETWEEN S.LOSAL AND S.HISAL
   		MINUX
   	SELECT E.* FROM EMP E,SALGRADE S WHERE S.GRADE = 2 AND E.SAL BETWEEN S.LOSAL AND S.HISAL;
   

4. 注意事项

   SELECT语句中参数类型和个数要一致
   可以使用括号改变集合使用的顺序
   如果有 ORDER BY 语句,必须放到最后一句查询语句中
   集合运算采用第一个语句的表头作为表头