【剑指】68 - I. 二叉搜索树的最近公共祖先

（1）代码
方法一：迭代
时间复杂度O(N)
空间复杂度O(1)

p，q不在同一侧就退出

/**
 * Definition for a binary tree node.
 * public class TreeNode {
 *     int val;
 *     TreeNode left;
 *     TreeNode right;
 *     TreeNode(int x) { val = x; }
 * }
 */
class Solution {
    public TreeNode lowestCommonAncestor(TreeNode root, TreeNode p, TreeNode q) {
        while(root != null){
            if(p.val > root.val && q.val > root.val) root = root.right;
            else if(p.val < root.val && q.val < root.val) root = root.left;
            else break;
        }
        return root;
    }
}

小优化：

/**
 * Definition for a binary tree node.
 * public class TreeNode {
 *     int val;
 *     TreeNode left;
 *     TreeNode right;
 *     TreeNode(int x) { val = x; }
 * }
 */
class Solution {
    public TreeNode lowestCommonAncestor(TreeNode root, TreeNode p, TreeNode q) {
        if(p.val > q.val) { // 保证 p.val < q.val
            TreeNode tmp = p;
            p = q;
            q = tmp;
        }
        while(root != null) {
            if(root.val < p.val) // p,q 都在 root 的右子树中
                root = root.right; // 遍历至右子节点
            else if(root.val > q.val) // p,q 都在 root 的左子树中
                root = root.left; // 遍历至左子节点
            else break;
        }
        return root;
    }
}

方法二：递归
时间复杂度O(N)
空间复杂度O(N)

/**
 * Definition for a binary tree node.
 * public class TreeNode {
 *     int val;
 *     TreeNode left;
 *     TreeNode right;
 *     TreeNode(int x) { val = x; }
 * }
 */
class Solution {
    public TreeNode lowestCommonAncestor(TreeNode root, TreeNode p, TreeNode q) {
        if(p.val < root.val && q.val < root.val) return lowestCommonAncestor(root.left, p, q);
        if(p.val > root.val && q.val > root.val) return lowestCommonAncestor(root.right, p, q);
        return root;
    }
}