ContentProvider 之文件储存

      基于SQLite的ContentProvider我们见得多了，但是我们在做Android应用时，有时候程序需要下载网络上的图片，这时候我们希望能够把图片缓存到客户端本地，下次再要显示该图片时就不用再从网络上下载了，直接从本地缓存读取，这就需要用到存储文件的ContentProvider 。
这里只关注如何通过ContentProvider缓存图片，对Android本地文件操作不熟悉的同学可以参考Android文件存储，其他内容就不介绍了。
在Mainfest文件中，我们定义的ContentProvider名称为FileProvider，最后别忘了添加权限android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE

Xml代码

1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
2. <manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
3. package="com.ipjmc.demo.fileprovider"
4. android:versionCode="1"
5. android:versionName="1.0" >
7. <uses-sdk android:minSdkVersion="8" />
9. <application android:icon="@drawable/ic_launcher" android:label="@string/app_name" >
10. <activity android:label="@string/app_name" android:name=".FileProviderActivity" >
11. <intent-filter >
12. <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
13. <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
14. </intent-filter>
15. </activity>
17. <provider android:name=".FileProvider" android:authorities="com.ipjmc.demo.fileprovider" />
18. </application>
20. <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" />
21. </manifest>

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    package="com.ipjmc.demo.fileprovider"
    android:versionCode="1"
    android:versionName="1.0" >

    <uses-sdk android:minSdkVersion="8" />

    <application android:icon="@drawable/ic_launcher" android:label="@string/app_name" >
        <activity android:label="@string/app_name" android:name=".FileProviderActivity" >
            <intent-filter >
                <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
                <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
            </intent-filter>
        </activity>
        
        <provider android:name=".FileProvider" android:authorities="com.ipjmc.demo.fileprovider" />
    </application>

    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" />
</manifest>

FileContentProvider代码如下，其中openFile是必须实现的方法，已经对关键的代码给出了注释

Java代码

1. package com.ipjmc.demo.fileprovider;
3. import java.io.BufferedOutputStream;
4. import java.io.File;
5. import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
6. import java.io.FileOutputStream;
7. import java.io.IOException;
8. import java.io.InputStream;
9. import java.io.OutputStream;
11. import android.content.ContentProvider;
12. import android.content.ContentValues;
13. import android.content.res.AssetManager;
14. import android.database.Cursor;
15. import android.net.Uri;
16. import android.os.ParcelFileDescriptor;
18. public class FileProvider extends ContentProvider {
20. /*
21. * 为了简单起见，这里直接将asset/pic.png拷贝到了程序的ExternalFilesDir，实际中应该是从网络上下载图片到ExternalFilesDir。
22. */
23. @Override
24. public boolean onCreate() {
25. File file = new File(getContext().getExternalFilesDir(null), "pic.png");
26. if (!file.exists()) {
27. AssetManager assetManager = getContext().getAssets();
29. try {
30. InputStream is = assetManager.open("pic.png");
31. OutputStream os = new BufferedOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(file));
32. byte [] buf = new byte[1024];
33. int len = 0;
34. while ((len = is.read(buf)) > 0) {
35. os.write(buf, 0, len);
36. }
37. is.close();
38. os.close();
39. } catch (IOException e) {
40. e.printStackTrace();
41. return false;
42. }
43. }
44. return true;
45. }
47. @Override
48. public Cursor query(Uri uri, String[] projection, String selection,
49. String[] selectionArgs, String sortOrder) {
50. // TODO Auto-generated method stub
51. return null;
52. }
54. @Override
55. public String getType(Uri uri) {
56. if (uri.toString().endsWith(".png")) {
57. return "image/png";
58. }
59. return null;
60. }
62. /*
63. * 就是做一次映射，返回uri指定的文件的文件描述符
64. */
65. @Override
66. public ParcelFileDescriptor openFile(Uri uri, String mode) throws FileNotFoundException {
67. if ("image/png".equals(getType(uri))) {
68. File file = new File(getContext().getExternalFilesDir(null), uri.getPath());
69. if (file.exists()) {
70. return ParcelFileDescriptor.open(file, ParcelFileDescriptor.MODE_READ_ONLY);
71. }
72. }
73. throw new FileNotFoundException(uri.getPath());
74. }
76. @Override
77. public Uri insert(Uri uri, ContentValues values) {
78. // TODO Auto-generated method stub
79. return null;
80. }
82. @Override
83. public int delete(Uri uri, String selection, String[] selectionArgs) {
84. // TODO Auto-generated method stub
85. return 0;
86. }
88. @Override
89. public int update(Uri uri, ContentValues values, String selection,
90. String[] selectionArgs) {
91. // TODO Auto-generated method stub
92. return 0;
93. }
94. }

package com.ipjmc.demo.fileprovider;

import java.io.BufferedOutputStream;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;

import android.content.ContentProvider;
import android.content.ContentValues;
import android.content.res.AssetManager;
import android.database.Cursor;
import android.net.Uri;
import android.os.ParcelFileDescriptor;

public class FileProvider extends ContentProvider {

    /*
	* 为了简单起见，这里直接将asset/pic.png拷贝到了程序的ExternalFilesDir，实际中应该是从网络上下载图片到ExternalFilesDir。
	*/
	@Override
	public boolean onCreate() {
		File file = new File(getContext().getExternalFilesDir(null), "pic.png");
		if (!file.exists()) {
			AssetManager assetManager = getContext().getAssets();

			try {
				InputStream is = assetManager.open("pic.png");
				OutputStream os = new BufferedOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(file));
				byte [] buf = new byte[1024];
				int len = 0;
				while ((len = is.read(buf)) > 0) {
					os.write(buf, 0, len);
				}
				is.close();
				os.close();
			} catch (IOException e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
				return false;
			}
		}
		return true;
	}

	@Override
	public Cursor query(Uri uri, String[] projection, String selection,
			String[] selectionArgs, String sortOrder) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		return null;
	}

	@Override
	public String getType(Uri uri) {
		if (uri.toString().endsWith(".png")) {
			return "image/png";
		}
		return null;
	}

	/*
	* 就是做一次映射，返回uri指定的文件的文件描述符
	*/
	@Override
	public ParcelFileDescriptor openFile(Uri uri, String mode) throws FileNotFoundException {
		if ("image/png".equals(getType(uri))) {
			File file = new File(getContext().getExternalFilesDir(null), uri.getPath());
			if (file.exists()) {
				return ParcelFileDescriptor.open(file, ParcelFileDescriptor.MODE_READ_ONLY);
			}
		}
		throw new FileNotFoundException(uri.getPath());
	}
	
	@Override
	public Uri insert(Uri uri, ContentValues values) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		return null;
	}

	@Override
	public int delete(Uri uri, String selection, String[] selectionArgs) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		return 0;
	}

	@Override
	public int update(Uri uri, ContentValues values, String selection,
			String[] selectionArgs) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		return 0;
	}
}

下面是如何在Activity中该ContentProvider，其中Activity的布局文件我就不贴了，就一个ImageView

Java代码

1. package com.ipjmc.demo.fileprovider;
3. import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
4. import java.io.InputStream;
5. import android.app.Activity;
6. import android.graphics.Bitmap;
7. import android.graphics.BitmapFactory;
8. import android.net.Uri;
9. import android.os.Bundle;
10. import android.widget.ImageView;
12. public class FileProviderActivity extends Activity {
14. public static final Uri URI = Uri.parse("content://com.ipjmc.demo.fileprovider/pic.png");
16. ImageView mImageView;
17. /** Called when the activity is first created. */
18. @Override
19. public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
20. super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
21. setContentView(R.layout.main);
23. mImageView = (ImageView) findViewById(R.id.image);
25. try {
26. //通过ContentResolver获取图片的输入流，再转化为Bitmap
27. InputStream is = getContentResolver().openInputStream(URI);
28. Bitmap bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeStream(is);
29. mImageView.setImageBitmap(bitmap);
30. } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
31. // TODO Auto-generated catch block
32. e.printStackTrace();
33. }
35. }
36. }