简介
在Android系统5.0及以上系统开始逐渐丢弃Dalvik虚拟机，由于ART虚拟机对内存分配和回收都做了算法优化，降低了内存碎片化程度，回收时间也得以缩短，所有android系统5.0及以上都在主推ART虚拟机。在ART虚拟机中ART则会将Dex通过dex2oat工具编译得到一个ELF文件，它是一个可执行的文件。所以下面我们就针对ART的dex2oat实现进行做分析。
dex2oat介绍
Dex2oat的全称是：dalvik excutable file to optimized art file，它是一个对 android系统下的dex文件，进行编译优化的程序。通过dex2oat的编译优化，可以大大的提高android系统的启动的速度和使用手机过程的的流畅度。
dex2oat在安卓手机环境下的存放位置为/system/bin/dex2oat
为什么要使用dex2oat进行转换
在android系统中，Android 虚拟机可以识别到的是dex文件，App应用在使用过程中如果每次将dex文件加载进行内存，解释性执行字节码，效率就会变得非常低， 从而影响到用户在使用安卓手机的体验。通过利用dex2oat进行优化处理， 那么可以在android系统运行之前，利用合适的时机将dex文件字节码，提前转化为虚拟机上可以执行运行的机器码，后续直接从效率更高的机器码中运行，则运行阶段更加流畅，优化用户体验。
dex2oat代码
dex2oat类定义
class Dex2Oat {
public:
//创建函数，返回值为bool，static bool Create(Dex2Oat** p_dex2oat, const RuntimeOptions& runtime_options, const CompilerOptions& compiler_options, Compiler::Kind compiler_kind, InstructionSet instruction_set, InstructionSetFeatures instruction_set_features, VerificationResults* verification_results, DexFileToMethodInlinerMap* method_inliner_map, size_t thread_count)SHARED_TRYLOCK_FUNCTION(true, Locks::mutator_lock_) {//判断参数传递进来的释放为空CHECK(verification_results != nullptr);CHECK(method_inliner_map != nullptr);//用智能指针方式进行去实例化dex2oatstd::unique_ptr<Dex2Oat> dex2oat(new Dex2Oat(&compiler_options, compiler_kind, instruction_set, instruction_set_features, verification_results, method_inliner_map, thread_count));if (!dex2oat->CreateRuntime(runtime_options, instruction_set)) {*p_dex2oat = nullptr;return false;}*p_dex2oat = dex2oat.release();return true;}//dex2oat的虚构函数，用于释放操作。~Dex2Oat() {delete runtime_;LogCompletionTime();}void LogCompletionTime() {LOG(INFO) << "dex2oat took " << PrettyDuration(NanoTime() - start_ns_)<< " (threads: " << thread_count_ << ")";}//从文件上获取到类名称std::set<std::string>* ReadImageClassesFromFile(const char* image_classes_filename) {std::unique_ptr<std::ifstream> image_classes_file(new std::ifstream(image_classes_filename,std::ifstream::in));if (image_classes_file.get() == nullptr) {LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to open image classes file " << image_classes_filename;return nullptr;}std::unique_ptr<std::set<std::string>> result(ReadImageClasses(*image_classes_file));image_classes_file->close();return result.release();} //读取imageclassesstd::set<std::string>* ReadImageClasses(std::istream& image_classes_stream) {std::unique_ptr<std::set<std::string>> image_classes(new std::set<std::string>);while (image_classes_stream.good()) {std::string dot;std::getline(image_classes_stream, dot);if (StartsWith(dot, "#") || dot.empty()) {continue;}std::string descriptor(DotToDescriptor(dot.c_str()));image_classes->insert(descriptor);}return image_classes.release();}// Reads the class names (java.lang.Object) and returns a set of descriptors (Ljava/lang/Object;)//从zip文件（apk其实就是个zip文件)读取类名称，读取到返回一个描述std::set<std::string>* ReadImageClassesFromZip(const char* zip_filename, const char* image_classes_filename, std::string* error_msg) { //通过智能指针进行打开zip压缩包，也就是apk包 std::unique_ptr<ZipArchive> zip_archive(ZipArchive::Open(zip_filename, error_msg));//判断打开是否失败if (zip_archive.get() == nullptr) {return nullptr;}//进行遍历zip包获取zip包里面的文件信息std::unique_ptr<ZipEntry> zip_entry(zip_archive->Find(image_classes_filename, error_msg));if (zip_entry.get() == nullptr) {*error_msg = StringPrintf("Failed to find '%s' within '%s': %s", image_classes_filename,zip_filename, error_msg->c_str());return nullptr;}std::unique_ptr<MemMap> image_classes_file(zip_entry->ExtractToMemMap(zip_filename,image_classes_filename,error_msg));if (image_classes_file.get() == nullptr) {*error_msg = StringPrintf("Failed to extract '%s' from '%s': %s", image_classes_filename,zip_filename, error_msg->c_str());return nullptr;}const std::string image_classes_string(reinterpret_cast<char*>(image_classes_file->Begin()), image_classes_file->Size());std::istringstream image_classes_stream(image_classes_string);return ReadImageClasses(image_classes_stream);}bool PatchOatCode(const CompilerDriver* compiler_driver, File* oat_file,const std::string& oat_location, std::string* error_msg) {// We asked to include patch information but we are not making an image. We need to fix// everything up manually.std::unique_ptr<ElfFile> elf_file(ElfFile::Open(oat_file, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE,MAP_SHARED, error_msg));if (elf_file.get() == NULL) {LOG(ERROR) << error_msg;return false;}{ReaderMutexLock mu(Thread::Current(), *Locks::mutator_lock_);return ElfPatcher::Patch(compiler_driver, elf_file.get(), oat_location, error_msg);}}//创建一个oat文件，返回一个常量指针const CompilerDriver* CreateOatFile(const std::string& boot_image_option,const std::string& android_root,bool is_host,const std::vector<const DexFile*>& dex_files,File* oat_file,const std::string& oat_location,const std::string& bitcode_filename,bool image,std::unique_ptr<std::set<std::string>>& image_classes,bool dump_stats,bool dump_passes,TimingLogger& timings,CumulativeLogger& compiler_phases_timings,std::string profile_file,SafeMap<std::string, std::string>* key_value_store) {CHECK(key_value_store != nullptr);// Handle and ClassLoader creation needs to come after Runtime::Createjobject class_loader = nullptr;//获取自身进程Thread* self = Thread::Current();//如果boot_image_option不为空的话，执行下面的代码if (!boot_image_option.empty()) {ClassLinker* class_linker = Runtime::Current()->GetClassLinker();std::vector<const DexFile*> class_path_files(dex_files);OpenClassPathFiles(runtime_->GetClassPathString(), class_path_files);ScopedObjectAccess soa(self);//循环遍历并类文件大小，并进行dex文件进行注册for (size_t i = 0; i < class_path_files.size(); i++) {class_linker->RegisterDexFile(*class_path_files[i]);}soa.Env()->AllocObject(WellKnownClasses::dalvik_system_PathClassLoader);ScopedLocalRef<jobject> class_loader_local(soa.Env(),soa.Env()->AllocObject(WellKnownClasses::dalvik_system_PathClassLoader));class_loader = soa.Env()->NewGlobalRef(class_loader_local.get());Runtime::Current()->SetCompileTimeClassPath(class_loader, class_path_files);}std::unique_ptr<CompilerDriver> driver(new CompilerDriver(compiler_options_,verification_results_,method_inliner_map_,compiler_kind_,instruction_set_,instruction_set_features_,image,image_classes.release(),thread_count_,dump_stats,dump_passes,&compiler_phases_timings,profile_file));driver->GetCompiler()->SetBitcodeFileName(*driver.get(), bitcode_filename);driver->CompileAll(class_loader, dex_files, &timings);TimingLogger::ScopedTiming t2("dex2oat OatWriter", &timings);std::string image_file_location;uint32_t image_file_location_oat_checksum = 0;uintptr_t image_file_location_oat_data_begin = 0;int32_t image_patch_delta = 0;if (!driver->IsImage()) {TimingLogger::ScopedTiming t3("Loading image checksum", &timings);gc::space::ImageSpace* image_space = Runtime::Current()->GetHeap()->GetImageSpace();image_file_location_oat_checksum = image_space->GetImageHeader().GetOatChecksum();image_file_location_oat_data_begin =reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(image_space->GetImageHeader().GetOatDataBegin());image_file_location = image_space->GetImageFilename();image_patch_delta = image_space->GetImageHeader().GetPatchDelta();}if (!image_file_location.empty()) {key_value_store->Put(OatHeader::kImageLocationKey, image_file_location);}//oat写入操作OatWriter oat_writer(dex_files, image_file_location_oat_checksum, image_file_location_oat_data_begin, image_patch_delta, driver.get(), &timings, key_value_store);t2.NewTiming("Writing ELF");if (!driver->WriteElf(android_root, is_host, dex_files, &oat_writer, oat_file)) {LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to write ELF file " << oat_file->GetPath();return nullptr;}// Flush result to disk. Patching code will re-open the file (mmap), so ensure that our view// of the file already made it there and won't be re-ordered with writes from PatchOat or// image patching.oat_file->Flush();if (!driver->IsImage() && driver->GetCompilerOptions().GetIncludePatchInformation()) {t2.NewTiming("Patching ELF");std::string error_msg;if (!PatchOatCode(driver.get(), oat_file, oat_location, &error_msg)) {LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to fixup ELF file " << oat_file->GetPath() << ": " << error_msg;return nullptr;}}return driver.release();} //创建一个映射文件，成功返回true，失败返回falsebool CreateImageFile(const std::string& image_filename, uintptr_t image_base, const std::string& oat_filename, const std::string& oat_location, const CompilerDriver& compiler)LOCKS_EXCLUDED(Locks::mutator_lock_) {uintptr_t oat_data_begin;{// ImageWriter is scoped so it can free memory before doing FixupElfImageWriter image_writer(compiler);if (!image_writer.Write(image_filename, image_base, oat_filename, oat_location)) {LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to create image file " << image_filename;return false;}oat_data_begin = image_writer.GetOatDataBegin();}std::unique_ptr<File> oat_file(OS::OpenFileReadWrite(oat_filename.c_str()));if (oat_file.get() == nullptr) {PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to open ELF file: " << oat_filename;return false;}if (!ElfFixup::Fixup(oat_file.get(), oat_data_begin)) {LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to fixup ELF file " << oat_file->GetPath();return false;}return true;}
private:
//定义一个显示的dex2oat构造函数explicit Dex2Oat(const CompilerOptions* compiler_options, Compiler::Kind compiler_kind, InstructionSet instruction_set, InstructionSetFeatures instruction_set_features, VerificationResults* verification_results, DexFileToMethodInlinerMap* method_inliner_map, size_t thread_count): compiler_options_(compiler_options),compiler_kind_(compiler_kind),instruction_set_(instruction_set),instruction_set_features_(instruction_set_features),verification_results_(verification_results),method_inliner_map_(method_inliner_map),runtime_(nullptr),thread_count_(thread_count),start_ns_(NanoTime()) {CHECK(compiler_options != nullptr);CHECK(verification_results != nullptr);CHECK(method_inliner_map != nullptr);}bool CreateRuntime(const RuntimeOptions& runtime_options, InstructionSet instruction_set)SHARED_TRYLOCK_FUNCTION(true, Locks::mutator_lock_) {if (!Runtime::Create(runtime_options, false)) {LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to create runtime";return false;}Runtime* runtime = Runtime::Current();runtime->SetInstructionSet(instruction_set);for (int i = 0; i < Runtime::kLastCalleeSaveType; i++) {Runtime::CalleeSaveType type = Runtime::CalleeSaveType(i);if (!runtime->HasCalleeSaveMethod(type)) {runtime->SetCalleeSaveMethod(runtime->CreateCalleeSaveMethod(type), type);}}runtime->GetClassLinker()->FixupDexCaches(runtime->GetResolutionMethod());runtime->GetClassLinker()->RunRootClinits();runtime_ = runtime;return true;}// Appends to dex_files any elements of class_path that it doesn't already// contain. This will open those dex files as necessary.static void OpenClassPathFiles(const std::string& class_path, std::vector<const DexFile*>& dex_files) { //通过定义l的vector向量的字符串 std::vector<std::string> parsed;Split(class_path, ':', parsed);// Take Locks::mutator_lock_ so that lock ordering on the ClassLinker::dex_lock_ is maintained.ScopedObjectAccess soa(Thread::Current());for (size_t i = 0; i < parsed.size(); ++i) {//判断是否包含dex文件if (DexFilesContains(dex_files, parsed[i])) {continue;}std::string error_msg;//判断是否可以打得开dex文件if (!DexFile::Open(parsed[i].c_str(), parsed[i].c_str(), &error_msg, &dex_files)) {LOG(WARNING) << "Failed to open dex file '" << parsed[i] << "': " << error_msg;}}}//如果dex文件有指定位置的话，那么就返回为truestatic bool DexFilesContains(const std::vector<const DexFile*>& dex_files, const std::string& location) {//循环变量dex文件的大小，并进行判断location是否相等。 for (size_t i = 0; i < dex_files.size(); ++i) {if (dex_files[i]->GetLocation() == location) {return true;}}return false;} //定义了个四个常量const CompilerOptions* const compiler_options_;const Compiler::Kind compiler_kind_;const InstructionSet instruction_set_;const InstructionSetFeatures instruction_set_features_;VerificationResults* const verification_results_;DexFileToMethodInlinerMap* const method_inliner_map_;Runtime* runtime_;size_t thread_count_;uint64_t start_ns_;DISALLOW_IMPLICIT_CONSTRUCTORS(Dex2Oat);
};
OpenDexFiles函数定义
//OpenDexFiles打开dex文件，成功返回dex文件的大小
static size_t OpenDexFiles(const std::vector<const char*>& dex_filenames, const std::vector<const char*>& dex_locations, std::vector<const DexFile*>& dex_files) {size_t failure_count = 0;//循环遍历dex文件的大小。for (size_t i = 0; i < dex_filenames.size(); i++) {const char* dex_filename = dex_filenames[i];const char* dex_location = dex_locations[i];ATRACE_BEGIN(StringPrintf("Opening dex file '%s'", dex_filenames[i]).c_str());std::string error_msg;//判断文件是否存在，if (!OS::FileExists(dex_filename)) {LOG(WARNING) << "Skipping non-existent dex file '" << dex_filename << "'";continue;}//真正的打开操作还是调用底层的open函数实现的。if (!DexFile::Open(dex_filename, dex_location, &error_msg, &dex_files)) {LOG(WARNING) << "Failed to open .dex from file '" << dex_filename << "': " << error_msg;++failure_count;}ATRACE_END();}return failure_count;
}
dex2oat入口函数定义
下面dex2oat函数的整个流程
1.做一个arm上的workaround。
2.构造Dex2oat对象
3.处理命令行参数
4.判断对于文件是否有写的权限
5.打印命令行参数
6.判断dex2oat的setup是否完成
7.根据是否image分别调用CompileImage或CompileApp的处理
//dex2oat两次参数通过控制窗口方式进行输入确
static int dex2oat(int argc, char** argv) {
#if defined(__linux__) && defined(__arm__)//定义变量int major, minor;//定义获取主机信息结构体struct utsname uts;//调用uname判断是否可以显示系统信息if (uname(&uts) <img src="http://b/13564922). Work around the issue by inhibiting further mmap() randomization.int old_personality = personality(0xffffffff);if ((old_personality & ADDR_NO_RANDOMIZE) == 0) {int new_personality = personality(old_personality | ADDR_NO_RANDOMIZE);if (new_personality == -1) {LOG(WARNING) << "personality(. | ADDR_NO_RANDOMIZE) failed.";}}" style="margin: auto" />
#endif//参数传递赋值到全局变量original_argc = argc;original_argv = argv; //打印程序执行时间TimingLogger timings("compiler", false, false);CumulativeLogger compiler_phases_timings("compilation times");InitLogging(argv);// Skip over argv[0].argv++;argc--;if (argc == 0) {Usage("No arguments specified");}//到这里为止前面都是进行初始化及环境操作，真正的dex2oat功能在后面代码实现。
//定义一系列的向量，字符串，常量为后面代码使用std::vector<const char*> dex_filenames;std::vector<const char*> dex_locations;int zip_fd = -1;std::string zip_location;std::string oat_filename;std::string oat_symbols;std::string oat_location;int oat_fd = -1;std::string bitcode_filename;const char* image_classes_zip_filename = nullptr;const char* image_classes_filename = nullptr;std::string image_filename;std::string boot_image_filename;uintptr_t image_base = 0;std::string android_root;std::vector<const char*> runtime_args;int thread_count = sysconf(_SC_NPROCESSORS_CONF);Compiler::Kind compiler_kind = kUsePortableCompiler? Compiler::kPortable: Compiler::kQuick;const char* compiler_filter_string = nullptr;int huge_method_threshold = CompilerOptions::kDefaultHugeMethodThreshold;int large_method_threshold = CompilerOptions::kDefaultLargeMethodThreshold;int small_method_threshold = CompilerOptions::kDefaultSmallMethodThreshold;int tiny_method_threshold = CompilerOptions::kDefaultTinyMethodThreshold;int num_dex_methods_threshold = CompilerOptions::kDefaultNumDexMethodsThreshold;//从构建中获取默认的指令功能集。InstructionSetFeatures instruction_set_features =ParseFeatureList(Runtime::GetDefaultInstructionSetFeatures());InstructionSet instruction_set = kRuntimeISA;// 配置文件的定义使用std::string profile_file;double top_k_profile_threshold = CompilerOptions::kDefaultTopKProfileThreshold;bool is_host = false;bool dump_stats = false;bool dump_timing = false;bool dump_passes = false;bool include_patch_information = CompilerOptions::kDefaultIncludePatchInformation;bool include_debug_symbols = kIsDebugBuild;bool dump_slow_timing = kIsDebugBuild;bool watch_dog_enabled = true;bool generate_gdb_information = kIsDebugBuild;// Checks are all explicit until we know the architecture.bool implicit_null_checks = false;bool implicit_so_checks = false;bool implicit_suspend_checks = false;
//下面主要代码通过一系列进行执行打印命令行操作。
//统计用户输入的参数总和for (int i = 0; i < argc; i++) {const StringPiece option(argv[i]);const bool log_options = false;if (log_options) {LOG(INFO) << "dex2oat: option[" << i << "]=" << argv[i];}//判断字符串是否包含if (option.starts_with("--dex-file=")) { //将dex文件名称数据传入vector里面 dex_filenames.push_back(option.substr(strlen("--dex-file=")).data());} else if (option.starts_with("--dex-location=")) {dex_locations.push_back(option.substr(strlen("--dex-location=")).data());}//判断是否是zip文件，并对zip文件操作，并对字符串信息进行截取else if (option.starts_with("--zip-fd=")) {const char* zip_fd_str = option.substr(strlen("--zip-fd=")).data();if (!ParseInt(zip_fd_str, &zip_fd)) {Usage("Failed to parse --zip-fd argument '%s' as an integer", zip_fd_str);}if (zip_fd < 0) {Usage("--zip-fd passed a negative value %d", zip_fd);}} else if (option.starts_with("--zip-location=")) {zip_location = option.substr(strlen("--zip-location=")).data();} else if (option.starts_with("--oat-file=")) {oat_filename = option.substr(strlen("--oat-file=")).data();} else if (option.starts_with("--oat-symbols=")) {oat_symbols = option.substr(strlen("--oat-symbols=")).data();} else if (option.starts_with("--oat-fd=")) {const char* oat_fd_str = option.substr(strlen("--oat-fd=")).data();if (!ParseInt(oat_fd_str, &oat_fd)) {Usage("Failed to parse --oat-fd argument '%s' as an integer", oat_fd_str);}if (oat_fd < 0) {Usage("--oat-fd passed a negative value %d", oat_fd);}} else if (option == "--watch-dog") {watch_dog_enabled = true;} else if (option == "--no-watch-dog") {watch_dog_enabled = false;} else if (option == "--gen-gdb-info") {generate_gdb_information = true;// Debug symbols are needed for gdb information.include_debug_symbols = true;} else if (option == "--no-gen-gdb-info") {generate_gdb_information = false;} else if (option.starts_with("-j")) {const char* thread_count_str = option.substr(strlen("-j")).data();if (!ParseInt(thread_count_str, &thread_count)) {Usage("Failed to parse -j argument '%s' as an integer", thread_count_str);}} else if (option.starts_with("--oat-location=")) {oat_location = option.substr(strlen("--oat-location=")).data();} else if (option.starts_with("--bitcode=")) {bitcode_filename = option.substr(strlen("--bitcode=")).data();} else if (option.starts_with("--image=")) {image_filename = option.substr(strlen("--image=")).data();} else if (option.starts_with("--image-classes=")) {image_classes_filename = option.substr(strlen("--image-classes=")).data();} else if (option.starts_with("--image-classes-zip=")) {image_classes_zip_filename = option.substr(strlen("--image-classes-zip=")).data();} else if (option.starts_with("--base=")) {const char* image_base_str = option.substr(strlen("--base=")).data();char* end;image_base = strtoul(image_base_str, &end, 16);if (end == image_base_str || *end != '\0') {Usage("Failed to parse hexadecimal value for option %s", option.data());}} else if (option.starts_with("--boot-image=")) {boot_image_filename = option.substr(strlen("--boot-image=")).data();} else if (option.starts_with("--android-root=")) {android_root = option.substr(strlen("--android-root=")).data();} else if (option.starts_with("--instruction-set=")) {StringPiece instruction_set_str = option.substr(strlen("--instruction-set=")).data();if (instruction_set_str == "arm") {instruction_set = kThumb2;} else if (instruction_set_str == "arm64") {instruction_set = kArm64;} else if (instruction_set_str == "mips") {instruction_set = kMips;} else if (instruction_set_str == "x86") {instruction_set = kX86;} else if (instruction_set_str == "x86_64") {instruction_set = kX86_64;}} else if (option.starts_with("--instruction-set-features=")) {StringPiece str = option.substr(strlen("--instruction-set-features=")).data();instruction_set_features = ParseFeatureList(str.as_string());} else if (option.starts_with("--compiler-backend=")) {StringPiece backend_str = option.substr(strlen("--compiler-backend=")).data();if (backend_str == "Quick") {compiler_kind = Compiler::kQuick;} else if (backend_str == "Optimizing") {compiler_kind = Compiler::kOptimizing;} else if (backend_str == "Portable") {compiler_kind = Compiler::kPortable;}} else if (option.starts_with("--compiler-filter=")) {compiler_filter_string = option.substr(strlen("--compiler-filter=")).data();} else if (option.starts_with("--huge-method-max=")) {const char* threshold = option.substr(strlen("--huge-method-max=")).data();if (!ParseInt(threshold, &huge_method_threshold)) {Usage("Failed to parse --huge-method-max '%s' as an integer", threshold);}if (huge_method_threshold < 0) {Usage("--huge-method-max passed a negative value %s", huge_method_threshold);}} else if (option.starts_with("--large-method-max=")) {const char* threshold = option.substr(strlen("--large-method-max=")).data();if (!ParseInt(threshold, &large_method_threshold)) {Usage("Failed to parse --large-method-max '%s' as an integer", threshold);}if (large_method_threshold < 0) {Usage("--large-method-max passed a negative value %s", large_method_threshold);}} else if (option.starts_with("--small-method-max=")) {const char* threshold = option.substr(strlen("--small-method-max=")).data();if (!ParseInt(threshold, &small_method_threshold)) {Usage("Failed to parse --small-method-max '%s' as an integer", threshold);}if (small_method_threshold < 0) {Usage("--small-method-max passed a negative value %s", small_method_threshold);}} else if (option.starts_with("--tiny-method-max=")) {const char* threshold = option.substr(strlen("--tiny-method-max=")).data();if (!ParseInt(threshold, &tiny_method_threshold)) {Usage("Failed to parse --tiny-method-max '%s' as an integer", threshold);}if (tiny_method_threshold < 0) {Usage("--tiny-method-max passed a negative value %s", tiny_method_threshold);}} else if (option.starts_with("--num-dex-methods=")) {const char* threshold = option.substr(strlen("--num-dex-methods=")).data();if (!ParseInt(threshold, &num_dex_methods_threshold)) {Usage("Failed to parse --num-dex-methods '%s' as an integer", threshold);}if (num_dex_methods_threshold < 0) {Usage("--num-dex-methods passed a negative value %s", num_dex_methods_threshold);}} else if (option == "--host") {is_host = true;} else if (option == "--runtime-arg") {if (++i >= argc) {Usage("Missing required argument for --runtime-arg");}if (log_options) {LOG(INFO) << "dex2oat: option[" << i << "]=" << argv[i];}runtime_args.push_back(argv[i]);} else if (option == "--dump-timing") {dump_timing = true;} else if (option == "--dump-passes") {dump_passes = true;} else if (option == "--dump-stats") {dump_stats = true;} else if (option == "--include-debug-symbols" || option == "--no-strip-symbols") {include_debug_symbols = true;} else if (option == "--no-include-debug-symbols" || option == "--strip-symbols") {include_debug_symbols = false;generate_gdb_information = false;// Depends on debug symbols, see above.} else if (option.starts_with("--profile-file=")) {profile_file = option.substr(strlen("--profile-file=")).data();VLOG(compiler) << "dex2oat: profile file is " << profile_file;} else if (option == "--no-profile-file") {// No profile} else if (option.starts_with("--top-k-profile-threshold=")) {ParseDouble(option.data(), '=', 0.0, 100.0, &top_k_profile_threshold);} else if (option == "--print-pass-names") {PassDriverMEOpts::PrintPassNames();} else if (option.starts_with("--disable-passes=")) {std::string disable_passes = option.substr(strlen("--disable-passes=")).data();PassDriverMEOpts::CreateDefaultPassList(disable_passes);} else if (option.starts_with("--print-passes=")) {std::string print_passes = option.substr(strlen("--print-passes=")).data();PassDriverMEOpts::SetPrintPassList(print_passes);} else if (option == "--print-all-passes") {PassDriverMEOpts::SetPrintAllPasses();} else if (option.starts_with("--dump-cfg-passes=")) {std::string dump_passes = option.substr(strlen("--dump-cfg-passes=")).data();PassDriverMEOpts::SetDumpPassList(dump_passes);} else if (option == "--include-patch-information") {include_patch_information = true;} else if (option == "--no-include-patch-information") {include_patch_information = false;} else {Usage("Unknown argument %s", option.data());}} //判断oat文件是否存在if (oat_filename.empty() && oat_fd == -1) {Usage("Output must be supplied with either --oat-file or --oat-fd");}if (!oat_filename.empty() && oat_fd != -1) {Usage("--oat-file should not be used with --oat-fd");} //判断oat符号表是否为空if (!oat_symbols.empty() && oat_fd != -1) {Usage("--oat-symbols should not be used with --oat-fd");}if (!oat_symbols.empty() && is_host) {Usage("--oat-symbols should not be used with --host");}if (oat_fd != -1 && !image_filename.empty()) {Usage("--oat-fd should not be used with --image");} //判断android_root是否为空if (android_root.empty()) {const char* android_root_env_var = getenv("ANDROID_ROOT");if (android_root_env_var == nullptr) {Usage("--android-root unspecified and ANDROID_ROOT not set");}android_root += android_root_env_var;}bool image = (!image_filename.empty());if (!image && boot_image_filename.empty()) {boot_image_filename += android_root;boot_image_filename += "/framework/boot.art";}std::string boot_image_option;if (!boot_image_filename.empty()) {boot_image_option += "-Ximage:";boot_image_option += boot_image_filename;}if (image_classes_filename != nullptr && !image) {Usage("--image-classes should only be used with --image");}if (image_classes_filename != nullptr && !boot_image_option.empty()) {Usage("--image-classes should not be used with --boot-image");}if (image_classes_zip_filename != nullptr && image_classes_filename == nullptr) {Usage("--image-classes-zip should be used with --image-classes");}if (dex_filenames.empty() && zip_fd == -1) {Usage("Input must be supplied with either --dex-file or --zip-fd");}if (!dex_filenames.empty() && zip_fd != -1) {Usage("--dex-file should not be used with --zip-fd");}if (!dex_filenames.empty() && !zip_location.empty()) {Usage("--dex-file should not be used with --zip-location");}if (dex_locations.empty()) {for (size_t i = 0; i < dex_filenames.size(); i++) {dex_locations.push_back(dex_filenames[i]);}} else if (dex_locations.size() != dex_filenames.size()) {Usage("--dex-location arguments do not match --dex-file arguments");}if (zip_fd != -1 && zip_location.empty()) {Usage("--zip-location should be supplied with --zip-fd");}if (boot_image_option.empty()) {if (image_base == 0) {Usage("Non-zero --base not specified");}}std::string oat_stripped(oat_filename);std::string oat_unstripped;if (!oat_symbols.empty()) {oat_unstripped += oat_symbols;} else {oat_unstripped += oat_filename;}if (compiler_filter_string == nullptr) {if (instruction_set == kMips64) {// TODO: fix compiler for Mips64.compiler_filter_string = "interpret-only";} else if (image) {compiler_filter_string = "speed";} else {
#if ART_SMALL_MODEcompiler_filter_string = "interpret-only";
#elsecompiler_filter_string = "speed";
#endif}}CHECK(compiler_filter_string != nullptr);CompilerOptions::CompilerFilter compiler_filter = CompilerOptions::kDefaultCompilerFilter;if (strcmp(compiler_filter_string, "verify-none") == 0) {compiler_filter = CompilerOptions::kVerifyNone;} else if (strcmp(compiler_filter_string, "interpret-only") == 0) {compiler_filter = CompilerOptions::kInterpretOnly;} else if (strcmp(compiler_filter_string, "space") == 0) {compiler_filter = CompilerOptions::kSpace;} else if (strcmp(compiler_filter_string, "balanced") == 0) {compiler_filter = CompilerOptions::kBalanced;} else if (strcmp(compiler_filter_string, "speed") == 0) {compiler_filter = CompilerOptions::kSpeed;} else if (strcmp(compiler_filter_string, "everything") == 0) {compiler_filter = CompilerOptions::kEverything;} else {Usage("Unknown --compiler-filter value %s", compiler_filter_string);}// Set the compilation target's implicit checks options.switch (instruction_set) {case kArm:case kThumb2:case kArm64:case kX86:case kX86_64:implicit_null_checks = true;implicit_so_checks = true;break;default:// Defaults are correct.break;}std::unique_ptr<CompilerOptions> compiler_options(new CompilerOptions(compiler_filter,huge_method_threshold,large_method_threshold,small_method_threshold,tiny_method_threshold,num_dex_methods_threshold,generate_gdb_information,include_patch_information,top_k_profile_threshold,include_debug_symbols,implicit_null_checks,implicit_so_checks,implicit_suspend_checks
#ifdef ART_SEA_IR_MODE, compiler_options.sea_ir_ =true;
#endif));// NOLINT(whitespace/parens)// Done with usage checks, enable watchdog if requestedWatchDog watch_dog(watch_dog_enabled);// Check early that the result of compilation can be writtenstd::unique_ptr<File> oat_file;bool create_file = !oat_unstripped.empty();// as opposed to using open file descriptorif (create_file) {oat_file.reset(OS::CreateEmptyFile(oat_unstripped.c_str()));if (oat_location.empty()) {oat_location = oat_filename;}} else {oat_file.reset(new File(oat_fd, oat_location));oat_file->DisableAutoClose();oat_file->SetLength(0);}if (oat_file.get() == nullptr) {PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to create oat file: " << oat_location;return EXIT_FAILURE;}if (create_file && fchmod(oat_file->Fd(), 0644) != 0) {PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to make oat file world readable: " << oat_location;return EXIT_FAILURE;}
//开始真正的执行dex2oat工作了timings.StartTiming("dex2oat Setup");LOG(INFO) << CommandLine();RuntimeOptions runtime_options;std::vector<const DexFile*> boot_class_path;art::MemMap::Init();// For ZipEntry::ExtractToMemMap.if (boot_image_option.empty()) {//打开zip文件中的dex文件size_t failure_count = OpenDexFiles(dex_filenames, dex_locations, boot_class_path);if (failure_count > 0) {LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to open some dex files: " << failure_count;return EXIT_FAILURE;}runtime_options.push_back(std::make_pair("bootclasspath", &boot_class_path));} else {runtime_options.push_back(std::make_pair(boot_image_option.c_str(), nullptr));}for (size_t i = 0; i < runtime_args.size(); i++) {runtime_options.push_back(std::make_pair(runtime_args[i], nullptr));}std::unique_ptr<VerificationResults> verification_results(new VerificationResults(compiler_options.get()));DexFileToMethodInlinerMap method_inliner_map;QuickCompilerCallbacks callbacks(verification_results.get(), &method_inliner_map);runtime_options.push_back(std::make_pair("compilercallbacks", &callbacks));runtime_options.push_back(std::make_pair("imageinstructionset", reinterpret_cast<const void*>(GetInstructionSetString(instruction_set))));Dex2Oat* p_dex2oat;//创建一个dex2oatif (!Dex2Oat::Create(&p_dex2oat, runtime_options, *compiler_options, compiler_kind, instruction_set, instruction_set_features, verification_results.get(), &method_inliner_map, thread_count)) {LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to create dex2oat";return EXIT_FAILURE;}std::unique_ptr<Dex2Oat> dex2oat(p_dex2oat);
Thread* self = Thread::Current();self->TransitionFromRunnableToSuspended(kNative);WellKnownClasses::Init(self->GetJniEnv());// If --image-classes was specified, calculate the full list of classes to include in the imagestd::unique_ptr<std::set<std::string>> image_classes(nullptr);if (image_classes_filename != nullptr) {std::string error_msg;if (image_classes_zip_filename != nullptr) {image_classes.reset(dex2oat->ReadImageClassesFromZip(image_classes_zip_filename, image_classes_filename, &error_msg));} else {image_classes.reset(dex2oat->ReadImageClassesFromFile(image_classes_filename));}if (image_classes.get() == nullptr) {LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to create list of image classes from '" << image_classes_filename <<"': " << error_msg;return EXIT_FAILURE;}} else if (image) {image_classes.reset(new std::set<std::string>);}std::vector<const DexFile*> dex_files;if (boot_image_option.empty()) {dex_files = Runtime::Current()->GetClassLinker()->GetBootClassPath();} else {if (dex_filenames.empty()) {ATRACE_BEGIN("Opening zip archive from file descriptor");std::string error_msg;std::unique_ptr<ZipArchive> zip_archive(ZipArchive::OpenFromFd(zip_fd, zip_location.c_str(), &error_msg));if (zip_archive.get() == nullptr) {LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to open zip from file descriptor for '" << zip_location << "': "<< error_msg;return EXIT_FAILURE;}if (!DexFile::OpenFromZip(*zip_archive.get(), zip_location, &error_msg, &dex_files)) {LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to open dex from file descriptor for zip file '" << zip_location<< "': " << error_msg;return EXIT_FAILURE;}ATRACE_END();} else {size_t failure_count = OpenDexFiles(dex_filenames, dex_locations, dex_files);if (failure_count > 0) {LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to open some dex files: " << failure_count;return EXIT_FAILURE;}}const bool kSaveDexInput = false;if (kSaveDexInput) {for (size_t i = 0; i < dex_files.size(); ++i) {const DexFile* dex_file = dex_files[i];std::string tmp_file_name(StringPrintf("/data/local/tmp/dex2oat.%d.%zd.dex", getpid(), i));std::unique_ptr<File> tmp_file(OS::CreateEmptyFile(tmp_file_name.c_str()));if (tmp_file.get() == nullptr) {PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to open file " << tmp_file_name<< ". Try: adb shell chmod 777 /data/local/tmp";continue;}//进行对dex文件写入操作tmp_file->WriteFully(dex_file->Begin(), dex_file->Size());LOG(INFO) << "Wrote input to " << tmp_file_name;}}}// Ensure opened dex files are writable for dex-to-dex transformations.for (const auto& dex_file : dex_files) {if (!dex_file->EnableWrite()) {PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to make .dex file writeable '" << dex_file->GetLocation() << "'\n";}}if (!image && compiler_options->IsCompilationEnabled()) {size_t num_methods = 0;for (size_t i = 0; i != dex_files.size(); ++i) {const DexFile* dex_file = dex_files[i];CHECK(dex_file != nullptr);num_methods += dex_file->NumMethodIds();}if (num_methods <= compiler_options->GetNumDexMethodsThreshold()) {compiler_options->SetCompilerFilter(CompilerOptions::kSpeed);VLOG(compiler) << "Below method threshold, compiling anyways";}}// Fill some values into the key-value store for the oat header.std::unique_ptr<SafeMap<std::string, std::string> > key_value_store(new SafeMap<std::string, std::string>());// Insert some compiler things.std::ostringstream oss;for (int i = 0; i < argc; ++i) {if (i > 0) {oss << ' ';}oss << argv[i];}key_value_store->Put(OatHeader::kDex2OatCmdLineKey, oss.str());oss.str("");// Reset.oss << kRuntimeISA;key_value_store->Put(OatHeader::kDex2OatHostKey, oss.str());
//编译dex文件功能，主要将dex文件转换我oat文件std::unique_ptr<const CompilerDriver> compiler(dex2oat->CreateOatFile(boot_image_option,android_root,is_host,dex_files,oat_file.get(),oat_location,bitcode_filename,image,image_classes,dump_stats,dump_passes,timings,compiler_phases_timings,profile_file,key_value_store.get()));if (compiler.get() == nullptr) {LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to create oat file: " << oat_location;return EXIT_FAILURE;}VLOG(compiler) << "Oat file written successfully (unstripped): " << oat_location;if (image) { //打印运行时间日志 TimingLogger::ScopedTiming t("dex2oat ImageWriter", &timings);//创建一个oat映射文件bool image_creation_success = dex2oat->CreateImageFile(image_filename, image_base, oat_unstripped, oat_location, *compiler.get());if (!image_creation_success) {return EXIT_FAILURE;}VLOG(compiler) << "Image written successfully: " << image_filename;}if (is_host) {timings.EndTiming();if (dump_timing || (dump_slow_timing && timings.GetTotalNs() > MsToNs(1000))) {LOG(INFO) << Dumpable<TimingLogger>(timings);}if (dump_passes) {LOG(INFO) << Dumpable<CumulativeLogger>(*compiler.get()->GetTimingsLogger());}return EXIT_SUCCESS;}if (oat_unstripped != oat_stripped) { //记录程序执行时间TimingLogger::ScopedTiming t("dex2oat OatFile copy", &timings);oat_file.reset();//用智能指针方式进行打开读取文件 std::unique_ptr<File> in(OS::OpenFileForReading(oat_unstripped.c_str()));std::unique_ptr<File> out(OS::CreateEmptyFile(oat_stripped.c_str()));size_t buffer_size = 8192;std::unique_ptr<uint8_t> buffer(new uint8_t[buffer_size]);while (true) {int bytes_read = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(read(in->Fd(), buffer.get(), buffer_size));if (bytes_read <= 0) {break;}bool write_ok = out->WriteFully(buffer.get(), bytes_read);CHECK(write_ok);}oat_file.reset(out.release());VLOG(compiler) << "Oat file copied successfully (stripped): " << oat_stripped;}
#if ART_USE_PORTABLE_COMPILER// We currently only generate symbols on Portableif (!compiler_options.GetIncludeDebugSymbols()) {timings.NewSplit("dex2oat ElfStripper");// Strip unneeded sections for targetoff_t seek_actual = lseek(oat_file->Fd(), 0, SEEK_SET);CHECK_EQ(0, seek_actual);std::string error_msg;CHECK(ElfStripper::Strip(oat_file.get(), &error_msg)) << error_msg;// 成功的编译成oat文件VLOG(compiler) << "Oat file written successfully (stripped): " << oat_location;} else {VLOG(compiler) << "Oat file written successfully without stripping: " << oat_location;}
#endif// ART_USE_PORTABLE_COMPILERtimings.EndTiming();if (dump_timing || (dump_slow_timing && timings.GetTotalNs() > MsToNs(1000))) {LOG(INFO) << Dumpable<TimingLogger>(timings);}if (dump_passes) {LOG(INFO) << Dumpable<CumulativeLogger>(compiler_phases_timings);}if (!kIsDebugBuild && (RUNNING_ON_VALGRIND == 0)) {dex2oat->LogCompletionTime();exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);}return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}// NOLINT(readability/fn_size)
}// namespace art
总结
eturn EXIT_SUCCESS;
}// NOLINT(readability/fn_size)
}// namespace art
总结
==
基于以上的分析，我们可以指定dex2oat在我们现在android系统运行过程中占据很重要的地位，因为app安装，手机屏幕滑动，系统启动等等都需要和dex2oat打交道，同时dex2oat在加壳和脱壳方面应用场景，在脱壳方面通过修改dex2oat代码可以进行更好的脱壳。## 题外话
初入计算机行业的人或者大学计算机相关专业毕业生，很多因缺少实战经验，就业处处碰壁。下面我们来看两组数据：
2023届全国高校毕业生预计达到1158万人，就业形势严峻；
国家网络安全宣传周公布的数据显示，到2027年我国网络安全人员缺口将达327万。
一方面是每年应届毕业生就业形势严峻，一方面是网络安全人才百万缺口。
6月9日，麦可思研究2023年版就业蓝皮书（包括《2023年中国本科生就业报告》《2023年中国高职生就业报告》）正式发布。
2022届大学毕业生月收入较高的前10个专业
本科计算机类、高职自动化类专业月收入较高。2022届本科计算机类、高职自动化类专业月收入分别为6863元、5339元。其中，本科计算机类专业起薪与2021届基本持平，高职自动化类月收入增长明显，2022届反超铁道运输类专业（5295元）排在第一位。
具体看专业，2022届本科月收入较高的专业是信息安全（7579元）。对比2018届，电子科学与技术、自动化等与人工智能相关的本科专业表现不俗，较五年前起薪涨幅均达到了19%。数据科学与大数据技术虽是近年新增专业但表现亮眼，已跻身2022届本科毕业生毕业半年后月收入较高专业前三。五年前唯一进入本科高薪榜前10的人文社科类专业——法语已退出前10之列。
“没有网络安全就没有国家安全”。当前，网络安全已被提升到国家战略的高度，成为影响国家安全、社会稳定至关重要的因素之一。
### **网络安全行业特点**
1、就业薪资非常高，涨薪快 2022年猎聘网发布网络安全行业就业薪资行业最高人均33.77万！
###### 2、人才缺口大，就业机会多
2019年9月18日《中华人民共和国中央人民政府》官方网站发表：我国网络空间安全人才 需求140万人，而全国各大学校每年培养的人员不到1.5W人。猎聘网《2021年上半年网络安全报告》预测2027年网安人才需求300W，现在从事网络安全行业的从业人员只有10W人。
行业发展空间大，岗位非常多
网络安全行业产业以来，随即新增加了几十个网络安全行业岗位︰网络安全专家、网络安全分析师、安全咨询师、网络安全工程师、安全架构师、安全运维工程师、渗透工程师、信息安全管理员、数据安全工程师、网络安全运营工程师、网络安全应急响应工程师、数据鉴定师、网络安全产品经理、网络安全服务工程师、网络安全培训师、网络安全审计员、威胁情报分析工程师、灾难恢复专业人员、实战攻防专业人员…
职业增值潜力大
网络安全专业具有很强的技术特性，尤其是掌握工作中的核心网络架构、安全技术，在职业发展上具有不可替代的竞争优势。
随着个人能力的不断提升，所从事工作的职业价值也会随着自身经验的丰富以及项目运作的成熟，升值空间一路看涨，这也是为什么受大家欢迎的主要原因。
从某种程度来讲，在网络安全领域，跟医生职业一样，越老越吃香，因为技术愈加成熟，自然工作会受到重视，升职加薪则是水到渠成之事。
黑客&网络安全如何学习
今天只要你给我的文章点赞，我私藏的网安学习资料一样免费共享给你们，来看看有哪些东西。
###### 1.学习路线图
行业发展空间大，岗位非常多
网络安全行业产业以来，随即新增加了几十个网络安全行业岗位︰网络安全专家、网络安全分析师、安全咨询师、网络安全工程师、安全架构师、安全运维工程师、渗透工程师、信息安全管理员、数据安全工程师、网络安全运营工程师、网络安全应急响应工程师、数据鉴定师、网络安全产品经理、网络安全服务工程师、网络安全培训师、网络安全审计员、威胁情报分析工程师、灾难恢复专业人员、实战攻防专业人员…
职业增值潜力大
网络安全专业具有很强的技术特性，尤其是掌握工作中的核心网络架构、安全技术，在职业发展上具有不可替代的竞争优势。
随着个人能力的不断提升，所从事工作的职业价值也会随着自身经验的丰富以及项目运作的成熟，升值空间一路看涨，这也是为什么受大家欢迎的主要原因。
从某种程度来讲，在网络安全领域，跟医生职业一样，越老越吃香，因为技术愈加成熟，自然工作会受到重视，升职加薪则是水到渠成之事。
黑客&网络安全如何学习
今天只要你给我的文章点赞，我私藏的网安学习资料一样免费共享给你们，来看看有哪些东西。
#### 1.学习路线图
攻击和防守要学的东西也不少，具体要学的东西我都写在了上面的路线图，如果你能学完它们，你去就业和接私活完全没有问题。
#### 2.视频教程
网上虽然也有很多的学习资源，但基本上都残缺不全的，这是我自己录的网安视频教程，上面路线图的每一个知识点，我都有配套的视频讲解。
内容涵盖了网络安全法学习、网络安全运营等保测评、渗透测试基础、漏洞详解、计算机基础知识等，都是网络安全入门必知必会的学习内容。
（都打包成一块的了，不能一一展开，总共300多集）
因篇幅有限，仅展示部分资料，需要点击下方链接即可前往获取
如果你对网络安全入门感兴趣，那么你需要的话可以点击这里**👉**[网络安全重磅福利：入门&进阶全套282G学习资源包免费分享！](https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/BWb9OzaB-gVGVpkm161PMw)
#### **3.技术文档和电子书**
技术文档也是我自己整理的，包括我参加大型网安行动、CTF和挖SRC漏洞的经验和技术要点，电子书也有200多本，由于内容的敏感性，我就不一一展示了。
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因篇幅有限，仅展示部分资料，需要点击下方链接即可前往获取
如果你对网络安全入门感兴趣，那么你需要的话可以点击这里**👉**[网络安全重磅福利：入门&进阶全套282G学习资源包免费分享！](https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/BWb9OzaB-gVGVpkm161PMw)
#### 4.工具包、面试题和源码
“工欲善其事必先利其器”我为大家总结出了最受欢迎的几十款款黑客工具。涉及范围主要集中在 信息收集、Android黑客工具、自动化工具、网络钓鱼等，感兴趣的同学不容错过。
还有我视频里讲的案例源码和对应的工具包，需要的话也可以拿走。
因篇幅有限，仅展示部分资料，需要点击下方链接即可前往获取
如果你对网络安全入门感兴趣，那么你需要的话可以点击这里**👉**[网络安全重磅福利：入门&进阶全套282G学习资源包免费分享！](https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/BWb9OzaB-gVGVpkm161PMw)
最后就是我这几年整理的网安方面的面试题，如果你是要找网安方面的工作，它们绝对能帮你大忙。
这些题目都是大家在面试深信服、奇安信、腾讯或者其它大厂面试时经常遇到的，如果大家有好的题目或者好的见解欢迎分享。
参考解析：深信服官网、奇安信官网、Freebuf、csdn等
内容特点：条理清晰，含图像化表示更加易懂。
内容概要：包括 内网、操作系统、协议、渗透测试、安服、漏洞、注入、XSS、CSRF、SSRF、文件上传、文件下载、文件包含、XXE、逻辑漏洞、工具、SQLmap、NMAP、BP、MSF…
因篇幅有限，仅展示部分资料，需要点击下方链接即可前往获取
如果你对网络安全入门感兴趣，那么你需要的话可以点击这里**👉**[网络安全重磅福利：入门&进阶全套282G学习资源包免费分享！](https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/BWb9OzaB-gVGVpkm161PMw)
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