整合 SSM 框架(Spring、SpringMVC、Mybatis)--实现数据库的curd(详细代码说明)

写在前面:


1. 环境要求

环境:

  • IDEA
  • MySQL 5.7.19
  • Tomcat 9
  • Maven 3.6

要求:

  • 需要熟练掌握 MySQL 数据库;
  • Spring,JavaWeb及MyBatis知识;
  • 简单的前端知识(html、css、javascript)

2. 数据库环境

  • 创建一个存放书籍数据的数据库表(books
CREATE DATABASE `mybatis`;

USE `mybatis`;

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `books`;

CREATE TABLE `books` (
`bookID` INT(10) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT '书id',
`bookName` VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL COMMENT '书名',
`bookCounts` INT(11) NOT NULL COMMENT '数量',
`details` VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL COMMENT '描述',
KEY `bookID` (`bookID`)
) ENGINE=INNODB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8

INSERT  INTO `books`(`bookID`,`bookName`,`bookCounts`,`details`)VALUES
(1,'Java',1,'从入门到放弃'),
(2,'MySQL',10,'从删库到跑路'),
(3,'Linux',5,'从进门到进牢');
(4,"科比自传",12,"凌晨四点的洛杉矶")
  • 结果图如下:

3. 基本环境搭建

1、新建一 Maven 项目,添加web的支持

2、导入相关的 pom 依赖

    <dependencies>
        <!--Junit-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>4.12</version>
        </dependency>
        <!--数据库驱动-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.47</version>
        </dependency>

        <!--Servlet - JSP -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
            <version>2.5</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
            <artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
            <version>2.2</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
            <version>1.2</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <version>1.18.12</version>
        </dependency>

        <!--Mybatis-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
            <artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
            <version>3.5.2</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
            <artifactId>mybatis-spring</artifactId>
            <version>2.0.2</version>
        </dependency>

        <!--Spring-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.9.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.9.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

3、Maven 资源过滤设置

    <build>
        <resources>
            <resource>
                <directory>src/main/java</directory>
                <includes>
                    <include>**/*.properties</include>
                    <include>**/*.xml</include>
                </includes>
                <filtering>false</filtering>
            </resource>
            <resource>
                <directory>src/main/resources</directory>
                <includes>
                    <include>**/*.properties</include>
                    <include>**/*.xml</include>
                </includes>
                <filtering>false</filtering>
            </resource>
        </resources>
    </build>

4、建立基本结构和配置框架!

项目结构图:

  • com.kuang.pojo
  • com.kuang.dao
  • com.kuang.service
  • com.kuang.controller
  • mybatis-config.xml
  • applicationContext.xm

4. Mybatis 层编写

1、数据库配置文件 database.properties

jdbc.driver=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
jdbc.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mybatis?useSSL=false
jdbc.username=root
jdbc.password=Kc635908933

2、IDEA 关联数据库

3、编写 MyBatis 的核心配置文件(Mybatis-config.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration
        PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
        "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">

<configuration>
    <!-- 起别名 -->
    <typeAliases>
        <package name="com.pojo"/>
    </typeAliases>

<!--    <mappers>-->
<!--        <mapper resource="com/dao/BookMapper.xml"/>-->
<!--    </mappers>-->
</configuration>

4、编写数据库对应的实体类 com.kuang.pojo.Books

  • 使用 lombok 插件!
import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;

// 导入lombok
@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
public class Books {

    private int bookID;        // 图书id号
    private String bookName;   // 图书名
    private int bookCounts;    // 图书的数量
    private String details;    // 图书的详细介绍
}

5、编写 Dao 层的 Mapper 接口!(BookMapper

public interface BookMapper {
    //增加一个Book
    int addBook(Books books);

    //根据id删除一个Book
    int deleteBookById(@Param("bookID") int id);

    //更新Book
    int updateBook(Books books);

    //根据id查询,返回一个Book
    Books queryBookById(@Param("bookID") int id);

    //查询全部Book,返回list集合
    List<Books> queryAllBook();

    // 根据id查询,返回一个Book
    Books queryBookByName(String bookName);

}

6、编写接口对应的 Mapper.xml 文件。需要导入 MyBatis 的包;(BookMapper.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
        PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
        "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">

<!-- 定义接口类 -->
<mapper namespace="com.dao.BookMapper">

    <!--增加一个Book-->
    <insert id="addBook" parameterType="Books">
        insert into mybatis.books(bookName,bookCounts,details)
        values (#{bookName}, #{bookCounts}, #{details})
    </insert>

    <!--根据id删除一个Book-->
    <delete id="deleteBookById" parameterType="int">
        delete from mybatis.books where bookID=#{bookID}
    </delete>

    <!--更新Book-->
    <update id="updateBook" parameterType="Books">
        update mybatis.books
        set bookName = #{bookName},bookCounts = #{bookCounts},details = #{details}
        where bookID = #{bookID}
    </update>

    <!--根据id查询,返回一个Book-->
    <select id="queryBookById" resultType="Books">
        select * from mybatis.books
        where bookID = #{bookID}
    </select>

    <!--查询全部Book-->
    <select id="queryAllBook" resultType="Books">
        SELECT * from mybatis.books
    </select>

    <!-- 根据书名查询,返回一个Book -->
    <select id="queryBookByName" resultType="Books">
        select * from mybatis.books
        where bookName = #{bookName}
    </select>

</mapper>

7、编写 Service 层的接口和实现类

  • 接口(BookService
public interface BookService {
    //增加一个Book
    int addBook(Books book);

    //根据id删除一个Book
    int deleteBookById(@Param("bookID") int id);

    //更新Book
    int updateBook(Books books);

    //根据id查询,返回一个Book
    Books queryBookById(@Param("bookID") int id);

    //查询全部Book,返回list集合
    List<Books> queryAllBook();

    // 根据id查询,返回一个Book
    Books queryBookByName(String bookName);
}
  • 实现类(BookServiceImpl
public class BookServiceImpl implements BookService {

    // 调用 dao 层的操作,设置一个set接口,方便Spring管理
    private BookMapper bookMapper;

    public void setBookMapper(BookMapper bookMapper) {
        this.bookMapper = bookMapper;
    }

    @Override
    public int addBook(Books books) {
        return bookMapper.addBook(books);
    }

    @Override
    public int deleteBookById(int id) {
        return bookMapper.deleteBookById(id);
    }

    @Override
    public int updateBook(Books books) {
        return bookMapper.updateBook(books);
    }

    @Override
    public Books queryBookById(int id) {
        return bookMapper.queryBookById(id);
    }

    @Override
    public List<Books> queryAllBook() {
        return bookMapper.queryAllBook();
    }

    @Override
    public Books queryBookByName(String bookName) {
        return bookMapper.queryBookByName(bookName);
    }
}

5. Spring 层编写

1、我们去编写 Spring 整合 Mybatis 的相关的配置文件;(spring-dao.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
       https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">

    <!-- 配置整合mybatis -->
    <!-- 1.关联数据库文件 -->
    <context:property-placeholder location="classpath:database.properties"/>

    <!-- 使用 spring 连接数据库-->
    <bean id="dataSource" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource">
        <property name="driverClassName" value="${jdbc.driver}"/>
        <property name="url" value="${jdbc.url}"/>
        <property name="username" value="${jdbc.username}"/>
        <property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}"/>
    </bean>

    <!-- 3.配置SqlSessionFactory对象 -->
    <bean id="sqlSessionFactory" class="org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean">
        <!-- 注入数据库连接池 -->
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>

        <!-- 配置MyBaties全局配置文件:mybatis-config.xml -->
        <!-- mybatis-config-xml 是 mybatis 配置文件-->
        <!-- BookMaper.xml 是接口实现配置文件 -->
        <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:mybatis-config.xml"/>
        <property name="mapperLocations" value="classpath:com/dao/BookMapper.xml"/>
    </bean>

    <!-- 4.配置扫描Dao接口包,动态实现Dao接口注入到spring容器中 -->
    <!--解释 :https://www.cnblogs.com/jpfss/p/7799806.html-->
    <bean class="org.mybatis.spring.mapper.MapperScannerConfigurer">
        <!-- 注入sqlSessionFactory -->
        <property name="sqlSessionFactoryBeanName" value="sqlSessionFactory"/>
        <!-- 给出需要扫描Dao接口包 -->
        <property name="basePackage" value="com.dao"/>
    </bean>

</beans>
  1. Spring 整合 service 层 (spring-service.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
   http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
   http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
   http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">

    <!-- 扫描service相关的bean -->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.service" />

    <!--BookServiceImpl注入到IOC容器中-->
    <!-- 属性注入 -->
    <bean id="BookServiceImpl" class="com.service.BookServiceImpl">
        <property name="bookMapper" ref="bookMapper"/>
    </bean>

    <!-- 配置事务管理器 -->
    <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
        <!-- 注入数据库连接池 -->
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />
    </bean>

</beans>

Spring层搞定!再次理解一下,Spring 就是一个大杂烩,一个容器!对吧!

6. SpringMVC 层

1、web.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="https://jakarta.ee/xml/ns/jakartaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="https://jakarta.ee/xml/ns/jakartaee https://jakarta.ee/xml/ns/jakartaee/web-app_5_0.xsd"
         version="5.0">
    <!--DispatcherServlet-->
    <!-- 接受请求,拦截请求 -->
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>DispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
            <!--一定要注意:我们这里加载的是总的配置文件,之前被这里坑了!-->
            <!-- 总的配置文件 -->
            <param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value>
        </init-param>
        <!-- 启动级别1 -->
        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
    </servlet>

    <!-- / 匹配所有请求;(不包括.jsp) -->
    <!-- /* 匹配所有请求;(包括.jsp) -->
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>DispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

    <!-- 乱码过滤器 -->
    <!--encodingFilter-->
    <filter>
        <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
        <filter-class>
            org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter
        </filter-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>encoding</param-name>
            <param-value>utf-8</param-value>
        </init-param>
    </filter>
    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>

    <!--Session过期时间-->
    <session-config>
        <session-timeout>15</session-timeout>
    </session-config>

</web-app>

2、spring-mvc.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
   http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
   http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
   http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
   http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
   https://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">

    <!-- 配置SpringMVC -->
    <!-- 1.开启SpringMVC注解驱动 -->
    <mvc:annotation-driven />
    <!-- 2.静态资源默认servlet配置-->
    <mvc:default-servlet-handler/>

    <!-- 3.配置jsp 显示ViewResolver视图解析器 -->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <property name="viewClass" value="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView" />
        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/" />
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp" />
    </bean>

    <!-- 4.扫描web相关的bean -->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.controller" />

</beans>

3、Spring配置整合文件,applicationContext.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

    <import resource="classpath:spring-service.xml"/>
    <import resource="classpath:spring-dao.xml"/>
    <import resource="classpath:springmvc.xml"/>
</beans>

7. Controller 类

  • BookController 类
import com.pojo.Books;
import com.service.BookService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/book")
public class BookController {

    @Autowired
    @Qualifier("BookServiceImpl")  // 属性注入
    public BookService bookService;

    // 查询所有书籍
    @RequestMapping("/allBook")
    public String list(Model model){
        List<Books> list = bookService.queryAllBook();
        model.addAttribute("list",list);
        return "allBook";
    }


    // 添加书籍
    @RequestMapping("/toAddBook")
    public String toAddPaper() {
        return "addBook";
    }

    @RequestMapping("/addBook")
    public String addPaper(Books books) {
        System.out.println(books);
        bookService.addBook(books);
        return "redirect:/book/allBook";
    }

    // 修改书籍
    @RequestMapping("/toUpdateBook")
    public String toUpdateBook(Model model, int id) {
        Books books = bookService.queryBookById(id);
        System.out.println(books);
        model.addAttribute("book",books );
        return "updateBook";
    }

    @RequestMapping("/updateBook")
    public String updateBook(Model model, Books book) {
        System.out.println(book);
        bookService.updateBook(book);
        Books books = bookService.queryBookById(book.getBookID());
        model.addAttribute("books", books);
        return "redirect:/book/allBook";
    }

    // 删除书籍
    @RequestMapping("/del/{bookId}")
    public String deleteBook(@PathVariable("bookId") int id) {
        bookService.deleteBookById(id);
        return "redirect:/book/allBook";
    }

    // 查询书籍
    @RequestMapping("/queryBook")
    public String queryBook(String queryBookName,Model model){
        System.out.println("要查询的书籍:"+queryBookName);

        // 如果查询的数据存在空格,则优化
        // trim(  )的作用是去掉字符串两端的多余的空格
        Books books = bookService.queryBookByName(queryBookName.trim());
        List<Books> list = new ArrayList<Books>();
        list.add(books);

        // 如果没有查出来书籍,则返回全部书籍列表
        if(books==null){
            list = bookService.queryAllBook();
            model.addAttribute("error","没有找到这本书");
        }
        model.addAttribute("list",list);
        return "allBook";
    }

}

8. 前端界面

  • index.jsp
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" pageEncoding="UTF-8" %>
<!DOCTYPE HTML>
<html>
<head>
  <title>首页</title>
  <style type="text/css">
    <!-- 超链接设置 -->
    a {
      text-decoration: none;  <!-- 取消下划线 -->
      color: black;
      font-size: 18px;
    }
    h3 {
      width: 180px;
      height: 38px;
      margin: 100px auto;
      text-align: center;
      line-height: 38px;
      background: deepskyblue;
      border-radius: 4px;  <!-- 圆角边框 -->
    }
  </style>
</head>
<body>

<h3>
  <!-- 取绝对地址 -->
  <a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/book/allBook">点击进入列表页</a>
</h3>
</body>
</html>
  • allBook.jsp
<%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" %>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>书籍列表</title>
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <!-- 引入 Bootstrap 美化界面 -->
    <link href="https://cdn.bootcss.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
</head>
<body>

<div class="container">

    <div class="row clearfix">
        <div class="col-md-12 column">
            <div class="page-header">
                <h1>
                    <small>书籍列表 —— 显示所有书籍</small>
                </h1>
            </div>
        </div>
    </div>

    <!-- 查询书籍 -->
    <div class="col-md-4 column"></div>
    <div class="col-md-4 column">
        <form class="form-inline" action="/book/queryBook" method="post"
              style="float: right">
            <%-- 使用 <span> 元素对文本中的一部分进行着色 --%>
            <span style="color: red;font-weight: bold">${error}</span>
            <input type="text" name="queryBookName" class="form-control"
                   placeholder="输入查询书名" required>
            <input type="submit" value="查询" class="btn btn-primary">
        </form>
    </div>

    <div class="row">
        <div class="col-md-4 column">
            <!-- 新增按钮 -->
            <a class="btn btn-primary" href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/book/toAddBook">新增</a>
            <a class="btn btn-primary" href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/book/allBook">显示全部书籍</a>
        </div>
    </div>

    <div class="row clearfix">
        <div class="col-md-12 column">
            <table class="table table-hover table-striped">
                <thead>
                <tr>
                    <th>书籍编号</th>
                    <th>书籍名字</th>
                    <th>书籍数量</th>
                    <th>书籍详情</th>
                    <th>操作</th>
                </tr>
                </thead>

                <tbody>
                <!-- 获取后端list数据 -->
                <c:forEach var="book" items="${requestScope.get('list')}">
                    <tr>
                        <td>${book.getBookID()}</td>
                        <td>${book.getBookName()}</td>
                        <td>${book.getBookCounts()}</td>
                        <td>${book.getDetails()}</td>
                        <td>
                            <!-- 更改按钮 -->
                            <a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/book/toUpdateBook?id=${book.getBookID()}">更改</a> |
                            <!-- 删除按钮 -->
                            <a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/book/del/${book.getBookID()}">删除</a>
                        </td>
                    </tr>
                </c:forEach>
                </tbody>
            </table>
        </div>
    </div>
</div>
  • addBook.jsp
<%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" %>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>

<html>
<head>
    <title>新增书籍</title>
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <!-- 引入 Bootstrap -->
    <link href="https://cdn.bootcss.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
</head>
<body>
<div class="container">

    <div class="row clearfix">
        <div class="col-md-12 column">
            <div class="page-header">
                <h1>
                    <small>新增书籍</small>
                </h1>
            </div>
        </div>
    </div>
    <form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/book/addBook" method="post">
        书籍名称:<input type="text" name="bookName"><br><br><br>
        书籍数量:<input type="text" name="bookCounts"><br><br><br>
        书籍详情:<input type="text" name="details"><br><br><br>
        <input type="submit" value="添加">
    </form>

</div>
  • update.jsp
<%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" %>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>修改信息</title>
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <!-- 引入 Bootstrap -->
    <link href="https://cdn.bootcss.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
</head>
<body>
<div class="container">

    <div class="row clearfix">
        <div class="col-md-12 column">
            <div class="page-header">
                <h1>
                    <small>修改信息</small>
                </h1>
            </div>
        </div>
    </div>
    <form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/book/updateBook" method="post">
        <input type="hidden" name="bookID" value="${book.getBookID()}"/>
        书籍名称:<input type="text" name="bookName" value="${book.getBookName()}"/>
        书籍数量:<input type="text" name="bookCounts" value="${book.getBookCounts()}"/>
        书籍详情:<input type="text" name="details" value="${book.getDetails() }"/>
        <input type="submit" value="提交"/>
    </form>

</div>

9. 测试界面展示

  • index.jsp
    在这里插入图片描述

  • allBook.jsp
    在这里插入图片描述

  • addBook.jsp

  • updateBook.jsp
    在这里插入图片描述

成功!
前路漫漫,认真坚持最重要!

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