使用flask，flask-WTF，sqlalchemy等实现图书管理（添加，删除等操作）

1.文件结构：

2.实验效果：

3.主文件Flask_books_project.py:

from flask_wtf import FlaskForm
from sqlalchemy.orm import relationship
from flask_sqlalchemy import SQLAlchemy
from sqlalchemy import Column,String,Integer,ForeignKey
from wtforms.validators import DataRequired,EqualTo,Length
from flask import Flask,render_template,flash,request,redirect,url_for
from wtforms import StringField,FieldList,SubmitField,PasswordField,TelField



app=Flask(__name__)
app.secret_key='books'

#配置数据库
class Config:
    SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI='mysql+pymysql://root:root@127.0.0.1:3306/flask_books'
    SQLALCHEMY_TRACK_MODIFICATIONS=False

app.config.from_object(Config)
mysql=SQLAlchemy(app)
#添加书和作者的模型
class Author(mysql.Model):
    #表名
    __tablename__='authors'
    id=Column(Integer,primary_key=True)
    name=Column(String(128),unique=True)
    #关系引用
    #books是为自己创建的，author为BOOKS创建的
    books=relationship('Book',backref='author')
    #重写输出方法
    def __repr__(self):
        return 'Author: %s'%(self.name)

class Book(mysql.Model):
    #表名
    __tablename__='books'
    id=Column(Integer,primary_key=True)
    name=Column(String(128),unique=True)
    author_id=Column(Integer,ForeignKey('authors.id'))
    def __repr__(self):
        return 'Book: %s : %s'%(self.name,self.author_id)


#主定义表单类
class AuthorForm(FlaskForm):
    author=StringField(label='作者',validators=[DataRequired()])
    book=StringField(label='书籍',validators=[DataRequired()])
    submit=SubmitField(label='提交')

#删除书籍的操作
@app.route('/delete_books/<int:book_id>',methods=['POST','GET'])
def delete_book(book_id):
    #查询数据库，是否存在该书籍
    book=Book.query.get(book_id)
    if book:
        try:
            mysql.session.delete(book)
            mysql.session.commit()
            mysql.session.close()
        except Exception as e:
            flash('删除书籍异常')
            mysql.session.rollback()
    else:
        flash('不存在该书籍')
    #跳转到index页面
    return redirect(url_for('index'))

#删除作者的操作
@app.route('/delete_authors/<int:author_id>',methods=['POST','GET'])
def delete_authors(author_id):
    #查询数据库，是否存在该作者（先删除书籍，再删除作者）
    author=Author.query.get(author_id)

    if author:
        try:
            #查询并删除书籍
            book=Book.query.filter_by(author_id=author.id)
            if book:
                book.delete()
            mysql.session.delete(author)
            mysql.session.commit()
            mysql.session.close()
        except Exception as e:
            flash('删除作者异常')
            mysql.session.rollback()
    else:
        flash('不存在该作者')
    #跳转到index页面
    return redirect(url_for('index'))

#使用模版显示数据库查询的数据
@app.route('/index',methods=['POST','GET'])
def index():
    #创建自定义的表单类
    author_form=AuthorForm()
    if request.method=='POST':
        if author_form.validate_on_submit():
            author_name=author_form.author.data
            book_name=author_form.book.data
            #判断作者是否存在时数据库中
            author=Author.query.filter_by(name=author_name).first()
            if author:
                #判断书籍是否存在数据库中
                book=Book.query.filter_by(name=book_name).first()
                if book:
                    flash('已存在该书籍')
                else:
                    flash('书籍不存在数据库中')
                    try:
                        new_book=Book(name=book_name,author_id=author.id)
                        mysql.session.add(new_book)
                        mysql.session.commit()
                        mysql.session.close()
                    except Exception as e:
                        flash('出现异常-添加书籍失败')
                        #撤销
                        mysql.session.rollback()

            else:
                flash('作者不存在数据库中')
                try:
                    new_author=Author(name=author_name)
                    mysql.session.add(new_author)
                    mysql.session.commit()
                    new_book=Book(name=book_name,author_id=new_author.id)
                    mysql.session.add(new_book)
                    mysql.session.commit()
                    mysql.session.close()
                except Exception as e:
                    flash('添加作者和书籍失败')
                    #撤销
                    mysql.session.rollback()
        else:
            #提交的信息不通过就提示错误
            flash('验证不过')
    #查询所有作者的信息，将信息专递给模版
    authors=Author.query.all()
    return render_template('books.html',authors=authors,author_form=author_form)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    print('Pycharm')
    # mysql.drop_all()
    mysql.create_all()

    # 生成数据
    # au1 = Author(name='TOYKL')
    # au2 = Author(name='ROCML')
    # au3 = Author(name='WTANK')
    # # 把数据提交给用户会话
    # mysql.session.add_all([au1, au2, au3])
    # # 提交会话
    # mysql.session.commit()
    # bk1 = Book(name='世界很美好', author_id=au1.id)
    # bk2 = Book(name='野心大于努力', author_id=au1.id)
    # bk3 = Book(name='每一天进步一点点', author_id=au2.id)
    # bk4 = Book(name='生活很开心', author_id=au3.id)
    # bk5 = Book(name='每一天都带笑容', author_id=au3.id)
    # # 把数据提交给用户会话
    # mysql.session.add_all([bk1, bk2, bk3, bk4, bk5])
    # # 提交会话
    # mysql.session.commit()
    app.run(debug=True)

4.前端文件books.html:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
    <style>
        a {
            text-decoration:none;
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
    <form action="" method="POST">
        {{author_form.csrf_token()}}
        {{author_form.author.label}}{{author_form.author}}<br>
        {{author_form.book.label}}{{author_form.book}}<br>
        {{author_form.submit}}
<!--        显示消息闪现的内容-->
        {% for message in get_flashed_messages() %}
            {{message}}
        {% endfor %}
    </form>
    <hr>
<!-- 先遍历作者，然后再在作者中遍历书籍   -->
    <ul>
        {% for author in authors %}
            <li>{{author.name}}<a href="{{url_for('delete_authors',author_id=author.id)}}">删除</a></li>
            <ul>
                {% for book in author.books %}
                    <li>{{book.name}}<a href="{{url_for('delete_book',book_id=book.id)}}">删除</a></li>
                    {% else %}
                        <li>无</li>
                {% endfor %}
            </ul>
        {% endfor %}
    </ul>
</body>
</html>

5.参考链接（所学知识出处）：

https://b23.tv/yKNAeO0