相互通信的网络程序通常可以分为客户端和服务器端两部分。简单的C/S服务模式客户端和服务器采用的是一对一的关系。下面以tcp为例讲解网络通信过程,三次握手这些详细过程就省略了。
相关函数,结构:
int socket(int domain, int type, int protocol);
– 函数返回Socket描述符,返回-1表示出错
– domain参数只能取AF_INET, protocol参数一般取0
数据结构:sockaddr_in
struct sockaddr_in {
short int sin_family; /* Address family */
unsigned short int sin_port; /* Port number */
struct in_addr sin_addr; /* Internet address */
unsigned char sin_zero[ 8]; /* Same size as
struct sockaddr */
};
int bind(int sockfd, struct sockaddr *my_addr, int addrlen);
bind函数返回-1表示出错,最常见的错误是该端口已经被其他程序绑定。
连接某个Server
int connect(int sockfd, struct sockaddr *servaddr, int addrlen);
• servaddr是事先填写好的结构,Server的IP和端口都在该数据结构中指定。
监听服务器端口:
int listen(int sockfd, int queue_length);
响应连接请求:
int accept(int sockfd,struct sockaddr *addr,int *addrlen);
– addr将在函数调用后被填入连接对方的地址信息,如对方的IP、端口等,返回一个新的socket描述符。
– accept缺省是阻塞函数,阻塞直到有连接请求。
server.c 实验代码如下:
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <string.h>
int main(int argc,char **argv)
{
char *client;
int server_sockfd,client_sockfd;
socklen_t server_len,client_len;
struct sockaddr_in server_address;
struct sockaddr_in client_address;
server_sockfd = socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,0);
bzero(&server_address, sizeof(server_address));
server_address.sin_family = AF_INET;
server_address.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);//自动获取ip地址,client不能用这个宏定义
server_address.sin_port = htons(8012);
server_len=sizeof(server_address);
bind(server_sockfd,(struct sockaddr *)&server_address,server_len);
listen(server_sockfd,10);
while(1)
{
char msg_client[100];
char *msg_server = "hello client";
int n;
printf("server is waiting... \n");
client_sockfd = accept(server_sockfd, (struct sockaddr *)&client_address, &client_len);
n = read(client_sockfd, msg_client, 100);
msg_client[n] = '\0';
printf("receive message form client: %s\n",msg_client);
write(client_sockfd, msg_server, strlen(msg_server));
close(client_sockfd);
}
return 0;
}
client.c 实验代码如下:
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <string.h>
int main(int argc,char **argv)
{
int client_sockfd;
socklen_t len;
struct sockaddr_in sock_address;
int ret;
char *msg_send = "hello server";
char msg_rec[100];
int n;
client_sockfd=socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,0);
bzero(&sock_address, sizeof(sock_address));
sock_address.sin_family=AF_INET;
sock_address.sin_addr.s_addr=inet_addr("192.168.80.128");
sock_address.sin_port=htons(8012);
ret=connect(client_sockfd,(struct sockaddr *)&sock_address,sizeof(sock_address));
if(ret<0)
{
printf("connect error\n");
return -1;
}
write(client_sockfd,msg_send,strlen(msg_send));
n = read(client_sockfd,msg_rec,100);
msg_rec[n] = '\0';
printf("message form server: %s\n",msg_rec);
close(client_sockfd);
return 0;
}